Note: Intro -- Contents -- About the Editors -- Design and Simulation of Vertical Handover Algorithm for Intelligent Transport System Using Analytic Hierarchy Process -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Analytic Hierarchy Process -- 3 Design Methodology of Vertical Handover -- 4 Simulation Results for Voice Application -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Particulate Matter Emission Assessment and Future Outlook Through Air Dispersion Model for Sustainable Development Planning in an Inland City in Central Maharashtra, India -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Study Area -- 2 Methodology -- 2.1 Emission Inventory -- 2.2 Dispersion Modelling -- 2.3 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring at Receptor -- 3 Result -- 3.1 Emission Inventory -- 3.2 Disperssion Modelling -- 3.3 Monitoring -- 4 Discussion -- 4.1 Point Source Mitigation Action Plan -- 4.2 Area Sources -- 4.3 Line Sources -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Assessment on Prevention of Groundwater Contamination -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Illustrations -- 2.1 Groundwater: Its Contamination, Pollution, and Its Prevention in India. By Kunjlata Lal, Assistant Professor, Dept. of Education Ranchi Women's College, Ranchi, Jharkhand [5] -- 2.2 Groundwater Arsenic Contamination in Bangladesh: Causes, Effects, and Remediation -- 2.3 Groundwater Pollution and Remediation -- 2.4 Contamination of Groundwater Systems in the US and Canada by Enteric Pathogens, 1990-2013 -- 2.5 Drastic Approach to Controlling Groundwater Pollution -- 2.6 Possible Methods of Preventing Groundwater Contamination at Landfill Sites -- Case Studies from Nepal -- 3 Conclusion -- References -- Sensitivity Study on the Classical Biofilm Model Using a Simplified Solution Method -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Objective -- 2.1 Materials and Methods -- 2.2 Results and Discussion -- 3 Conclusions -- References -- Risk of Extinction of Species in an Ecological System: Estimation and Analysis. , 1 Introduction -- 2 Joint Probability Distribution of Prey-Predator in a Two Dimensional Ecological Model -- 3 Derivation of Joint Probability Distribution -- 3.1 Marginal Distribution of Prey -- 4 Derivation of Difference Equation for Persistence Time of Prey -- 5 Application to Predator-Prey Models -- 6 Result and Discussion -- References -- An Experimental Study on Integrated Power-Free Shock Electrodialysis for Desalination -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Objectives -- 3 Materials and Methodology -- 3.1 Constituents of Synthetic Seawater -- 3.2 Desalinator Setup -- 3.3 Power Generator Setup -- 3.4 Experimental Procedure -- 4 Results and Discussions -- 4.1 Effect of Time and Voltage on the Electrodialysis Process -- 4.2 Effect of Voltage on % Removal of TDS -- 4.3 Effect of Voltage on EC Reduction -- 4.4 Power Consumption at Different Voltage -- 4.5 Optimization of Electrodialysis Process Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) -- 4.6 Experimental Procedure for Optimization -- 4.7 Summary of Responses for Synthetic Seawater Sample -- 4.8 Electrodialysis on Synthetic Seawater at Different NaCl Molar Concentration -- 4.9 Results of Power Generation -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Brassica Juncea (L.) Czern. (Indian Mustard): A Potential Candidate for the Phytoremediation of Mercury from Soil -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Method -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 3.1 Hg Concentration in Plant's Tissues (Root, Stem, and Leaf) -- 3.2 Volatilization of Hg from Hg-Treated Blank Soil at 30th, 60th, and 90th Day of Exposure -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Stabilization of Expansive Soil Using Saw Dust -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Objectives of Study -- 3 Expansive Soil -- 4 Laboratory Studies -- 4.1 Standard Proctor Compaction Test -- 5 Results and Discussion -- 5.1 Effect of Saw Dust on Proctor Compaction Tests. , 5.2 Effect of Saw Dust on Atterberg's Limits of Soil -- 5.3 Effect of Saw Dust on Plasticity Index -- 5.4 Effect of Saw Dust on CBR Tests Result -- 5.5 Effect of Saw Dust on Direct Shear Test -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Analysing the Influence of Groundwater Exploitation on Its Quality in Kolkata -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Location of the Study Area -- 3 Methodology -- 4 Results and Discussion -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- Efficacy Evaluation of Conventional Water Treatment Process and THMs Modeling in Drinking Water of Five Cities in India -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Material and Methods -- 2.1 Sample Collection -- 2.2 Analytical Methods -- 2.3 Predictive Modeling Approaches of THMs -- 3 Result and Discussion -- 3.1 Water Quality Status and Distribution of THMs Precursors -- 3.2 Efficacy Evaluation of Existing Treatment System for Removal of THMs Precursors -- 3.3 Modeling of THMs Formation Using SVM -- 3.4 Validation of SVM Model -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Study of Water Quality Index to Ascertain the Suitability of Surface Water for Domestic Purposes -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 3 Theoretical Analysis -- 4 Results and Discussion -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Evaluation of Anthropogenic-Driven Water Pollution Effects in an Urban Freshwater Resource Using Integration Pollution Index Method -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Study Area -- 3 Materials and Methods -- 4 Results and Discussions -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Improved Sequential Approach for Hybrid Bioleaching of Metals from E-Waste -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 2.1 E-Waste Collection and Processing -- 2.2 Bacteria and Culture Conditions -- 2.3 Biological Oxidation of Ferrous Iron -- 2.4 Hybrid Bioleaching -- 2.5 Analytical Procedure -- 3 Results and Discussion. , 3.1 Metallic Content and Surface Morphology of Comminuted PCB Before and After Hybrid Bioleaching -- 3.2 Variation in Fe2+ and Fe3+ Concentrations, pH, and ORP Before and After PCB Addition -- 3.3 Metal Extraction Following Sequential Approach for Hybrid Bioleaching -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Green Energy Based Low Cost Smart Indoor Air Quality Monitoring and Purifying System -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Review -- 2.1 Existing Works -- 3 Principle of Working -- 3.1 Monitoring Unit -- 3.2 Control Unit -- 4 Results and Discussions -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Degradation of Phenol Using Batch-Fluidization Process by Transition Metal Impregnated Red Mud as Modified Catalyst in Heterogeneous Fenton Process -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 3 Preparation of N-RM and RM-Co Catalyst -- 4 Experimental Set-up -- 5 Results and Discussion -- 5.1 N-RM and RM-Co Characterization -- 6 Degradation Study -- 7 Conclusions -- References -- Application of Low-Cost Air Quality Monitoring Sensor to Assess the Exposure of Ambient Air Pollution Due to PM2.5 and PM10 -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 2.1 The Design of the Study and Sites -- 2.2 Low-Cost Monitoring Solution -- 2.3 Data Collection, Extraction, and Processing -- 3 Results -- 3.1 Validation Experiment -- 3.2 Spatial Variation -- 3.3 Diurnal Variation -- 3.4 Temporal Variation -- 3.5 Most Exposed Zone -- 4 Discussion -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Estimation of Greenhouse Gases in the Ambient Air -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Emission from Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) -- 1.2 Emission from Irrigated Rice Fields (IRF) -- 1.3 Emission from Constructed Wetlands (CWs) -- 2 Methodology -- 2.1 Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) -- 2.2 Irrigated Rice Fields (IRF) -- 2.3 Constructed Wetlands (CWs) -- 3 Result and Discussion -- 3.1 Action Plan -- 4 Conclusion -- References. , Indoor Air Pollution at Restaurant Kitchen in Delhi NCR -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methodology -- 3 Result and Discussion -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Determination of SCS Runoff Curve Number and Landuse Characteristics of Khowai River Catchment, Tripura, India -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methods -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Degradation of Plastics Causing Pollution Using Bacteria for Improvement of Freshwater Fish Cultivation -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 3 Summary and Conclusion -- References -- Assessment and MLR Modeling of Traffic Noise at Major Urban Roads of Residential and Commercial Areas of Surat City -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methodology -- 3 Data Analysis and Results -- 3.1 Bhatar Road (Flexible Pavement) -- 3.2 Swami Vivekananda Marg (Flexible Pavement) -- 3.3 Big Bazaar-Vesu Road (Rigid Pavement) -- 4 Model Developments -- 4.1 For All Three Roads -- 5 Results and Discussion -- 6 Conclusion and Recommendations -- References -- A Review on the Advanced Techniques Used for the Capturing and Storage of CO2 from Fossil Fuel Power Plants -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Emissions of CO2 from Fossil Fuel Power Plant -- 3 Cost and Efficiency -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Assessment and Characterization of Air Pollution Due to Vehicular Emission Considering the AQI and LOS of Various Roadways in Kolkata -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Review -- 2.1 Data Collection -- 2.2 Factor Analysis -- 2.3 Principle Component Analysis -- 2.4 Model Development Using Ordered Logit Model -- 2.5 Case Study: (Amherst Street) -- 3 Conclusion -- References -- Advent of Graphene Oxide and Carbon Nanotubes in Removal of Heavy Metals from Water: A Review -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Carbon Nanotubes -- 3 Graphene Oxide -- 4 Conclusion -- References. , Removal of Arsenic V+ contaminant by Fixed Bed Column Study by Graphene Oxide Manganese Iron (GO-Mn-Fe) Nano Composite-Coated Sand.

Note: Intro -- Foreword -- Preface -- Contents -- Contributors -- Abbreviations -- 1 An Introduction to Microbial Biofilm -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.1.1 Biofilm Growth and Development -- 1.1.2 Beneficial and Naturally Occurring Biofilms -- 1.1.3 The Harmful Effects of Biofilm Formation -- 1.1.4 Naturally Occurring Biofilms -- 1.1.5 Biofilms in Health and Medicine -- 1.1.6 Control of Biofilms -- 1.1.7 Biofilm and Antibiotic Resistance -- 1.1.8 The Future of Studying Biofilms -- References -- 2 Biofilms: The Good and the Bad -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Mechanism of Bacterial Biofilm Formation -- 2.2.1 The Conditioning Layer -- 2.2.2 Reversible Adhesion -- 2.2.3 Irreversible Adhesion -- 2.2.4 Micro-colony Formation and Three-Dimensional Growth -- 2.2.5 Biofilm Formation -- 2.2.6 Maturation and Dispersal -- 2.3 Applications of Biofilms -- 2.3.1 Biofilm Uses -- 2.3.2 Bioremediation -- 2.4 Oil Spills and Contaminated Groundwater -- 2.5 Microbial Leaching -- 2.6 Biofilm Reactors -- 2.7 Biofilms in Biosensors -- 2.8 Biofilm Integrated Nanofiber Display -- 2.9 The Harmful Effects of Biofilms -- 2.9.1 The Food and Dairy Industry -- 2.9.2 Aquaculture and the Sea Food Industry -- 2.9.3 The Brewing Industry -- 2.9.4 Bio-corrosion -- 2.9.5 The Medical Industry -- References -- 3 Biofilms in Human Health -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Biofilm Structure -- 3.3 Biofilm Development -- 3.3.1 Growth of Conditioning Film on Surface -- 3.3.2 Movement of Microorganisms Towards Surface -- 3.3.3 Adherence -- 3.3.4 Colonization for Development and Division of Microbe, Formation of Microcolony and Biofilms, Change in Genotype and Phenotype -- 3.3.5 Interaction of Microorganisms inside Biofilm -- 3.4 Antibiotics and Biofilms -- 3.5 Pathogenic Mechanisms -- 3.6 Biofilm and Human Diseases -- 3.6.1 Oral Cavity -- 3.6.2 Upper Airways -- 3.6.3 Lower Airways. , 3.6.4 Gastrointestinal and Urinary Tracts -- 3.6.5 Wounds -- 3.7 Main Characteristics of Biofilm Mediated Diseases -- References -- 4 The Role of Biofilm in Originating, Mediating, and Proliferating Infectious Diseases -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.1.1 Biofilm Origination and Mediation -- 4.2 Indwelling Devices Where Microbes Frequently Cause Biofilms -- 4.3 Biofilm-Mediated Infectious Diseases -- 4.3.1 Barrett's Esophagus and Gastric Cancer -- 4.3.2 Endotracheal Tube Colonization and Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia -- 4.3.3 Cystic Fibrosis -- 4.3.4 Chronic Otitis Media -- 4.3.5 Dental Plaque -- 4.3.6 Urinary Tract and Catheter-Associated Infections -- 4.3.7 Skin Infections by Staphylococcus -- 4.3.8 Chronic Ulcers -- 4.3.9 Prosthetic Graft Infection -- 4.3.10 Healthcare-Associated Infections -- 4.4 Other Biofilm-Mediated Infections -- 4.5 Conclusion -- References -- 5 Modern Methods in Microscopy for the Assessment of Biofilms -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Diagnosis of Biofilm Infections -- 5.2.1 Routine Microbiological Examination -- 5.2.2 Different Microscopic Methods -- 5.3 Conclusion -- References -- 6 Molecular Methods for the Assessment of Microbial Biofilms -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Why Molecular Methods? -- 6.3 Different Methods Used to Assess Biofilm: Ergin (2017) -- 6.4 Next-Generation Sequencing Technology -- 6.4.1 Advantages of NGS -- 6.4.2 Utility of NGS in Clinical Microbiology: Deurenberg et al. (2016) -- 6.4.3 Workflow of NGS -- 6.4.4 Clinical Sample/Specimen -- 6.4.5 Nucleic Acids Sequencing -- 6.4.6 Sequence Data Analysis -- 6.4.7 Application of NGS -- 6.5 Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) -- 6.5.1 Advantage of PCR -- 6.5.2 Workflow of PCR -- 6.5.3 Procedure and General Protocol -- 6.5.4 1-1.8% Agarose Gel Electrophoresis -- 6.5.5 Application of PCR -- 6.6 DNA-DNA Hybridization -- 6.6.1 Principle of DNA-DNA Hybridization. , 6.6.2 Major Disadvantages -- 6.6.3 DDH Protocol and Procedure -- 6.6.4 Application of DNA-DNA Hybridization -- 6.7 Microarray Technology -- 6.7.1 Application of Microarray -- References -- 7 Biofilm-Mediated Dental Diseases -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Oral Flora -- 7.3 Development -- 7.4 Oral Microbiota: Beneficial Functions -- 7.5 Oral Niches -- 7.5.1 Tongue and Buccal Mucosa -- 7.5.2 Tooth Surface -- 7.5.3 Gingival Crevice and Its Epithelium -- 7.5.4 Dental Appliances and Prosthetics -- 7.6 Factors Modulating Microbial Growth -- 7.6.1 Anatomic Factors -- 7.6.2 Saliva -- 7.6.3 Gingival Crevicular Fluid -- 7.6.4 Microbial Factors -- 7.6.5 Environmental Factors -- 7.6.6 Miscellaneous -- 7.7 Nutrition -- 7.7.1 Host Resources -- 7.7.2 Microbial Resources -- 7.8 Dental Plaque -- 7.9 Dental Plaque and Caries -- 7.9.1 Caries Origin Hypothesis -- 7.10 Dental Plaque, Dental Calculus, and Periodontitis -- 7.10.1 Calculus -- 7.10.2 Classification of Periodontal Disease -- 7.10.3 Etiology of Periodontal Disease -- 7.11 The Systemic Connection of Oral Biofilms -- 7.12 Approaches for Control of Dental Biofilm -- 7.12.1 Conventional Treatment -- 7.12.2 Mechanical Plaque Control -- 7.12.3 Oral Irrigators (Mandal et al. 2017) -- 7.12.4 Chemical Plaque Control -- 7.12.5 Local Delivery of Drugs -- References -- 8 Biofilm-Mediated Diseases of the Eye -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Endophthalmitis -- 8.3 Contact Lens Associated Keratitis -- 8.4 Crystalline Keratopathy -- 8.5 Dry Eye -- 8.6 Ocular Implants and Biofilms -- 8.6.1 Conjunctival Plug -- 8.6.2 Scleral Buckles -- 8.6.3 Lacrimal Intubation Devices -- 8.6.4 Orbital Implants -- 8.6.5 Other Biomaterials Used in Ophthalmology -- 8.7 Prevention and Treatment of Biofilms -- References -- 9 Biofilm-Mediated Diseases of the Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT) -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Chronic Rhino-sinusitis. , 9.3 Otitis Media with Effusion -- 9.4 Cholesteatoma -- 9.5 Adenotonsillitis -- 9.6 Biofilms in Ear, Nose, and Throat Implants and Prostheses -- 9.7 Treatment -- 9.8 Prevention -- 9.9 Conclusion -- References -- 10 Biofilm-Mediated Diseases of the Heart and Lungs -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Biofilms Related to Endotracheal Tubes and Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia -- 10.3 Biofilms in Cystic Fibrosis -- 10.4 Biofilms in Pulmonary Infections -- 10.5 Biofilms in Indwelling Vascular Catheters -- 10.6 Mechanical Heart Valve Biofilms -- 10.7 Biofilms in Infective Endocarditis -- 10.8 Biofilms in Atherosclerosis -- 10.9 Cardiovascular Implantable Electronic Devices -- 10.10 Conclusion -- References -- 11 The Role of Biofilms in Medical Devices and Implants -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Mechanism of Biofilm Formation -- 11.3 Prevention and Control of Biofilms -- 11.3.1 Cell Repellent and Non-adhesive Coatings -- 11.3.2 The Active Release of Antimicrobial Compounds and Biofilm Inhibitors -- 11.3.3 Antimicrobial Coatings with Tethered Biocides -- 11.3.4 Competitive Adherence by Benign Organisms -- 11.4 Biofilms and Healthcare-Associated Infections -- 11.4.1 Central Venous Catheters -- 11.4.2 Urinary Catheters -- 11.4.3 Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia and Endotracheal Tubes -- 11.4.4 Surgical Site Infection -- 11.4.5 Mechanical Heart Valves -- 11.4.6 Contact Lenses -- 11.4.7 Orthopedic Implants -- 11.4.8 Dental Implants -- 11.4.9 Breast Implants -- 11.5 Detection and Diagnosis of Bacterial Biofilms on Medical Devices -- 11.6 Preventive Measures for Biofilm Control and Future Perspectives -- 11.7 Conclusion -- References -- 12 Biofilm-mediated Gastrointestinal Diseases -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Esophagus -- 12.2.1 Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and Barret's Esophagus -- 12.2.2 Carcinoma of the Esophagus -- 12.3 Stomach -- 12.3.1 Helicobacter pylori Infection. , 12.4 Intestines -- 12.4.1 Foodborne Bacterial Disease and Biofilm -- 12.4.2 Clostridium Difficile -- 12.4.3 Inflammatory Bowel Disease -- 12.4.4 Irritable Bowel Syndrome -- 12.4.5 Colorectal Malignancy -- References -- 13 Biofilm-Mediated Urinary Tract Infections -- 13.1 Infections in Urinary Tract -- 13.2 Pathogenesis of Biofilm-Mediated UTIs -- 13.2.1 Role of Biofilms in Recurrent UTIs -- 13.2.2 Role of Biofilm in ABU -- 13.2.3 Role of Biofilms in Catheter-Associated Infections -- 13.3 Microbial Factors Contributing to Biofilm Formation in Urinary Tract -- 13.3.1 Escherichia coli and Urinary Tract Infections -- 13.3.2 Proteus mirabilis and Urinary Tract Infections -- 13.3.3 Klebsiella pneumoniae and Urinary Tract Infections -- 13.3.4 Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Urinary Tract Infections -- 13.3.5 Miscellaneous Microorganisms and Urinary Tract Infections -- 13.4 Treatment and Prevention of Biofilm-Mediated UTIs -- 13.4.1 Antimicrobial Treatment of Biofilms -- 13.4.2 Newer Strategies -- 13.5 Future Prospects -- 13.5.1 Bladder Model -- 13.5.2 Urinary Tract Model -- 13.5.3 CAUTI Model -- 13.5.4 Meatus Model -- References -- 14 Biofilm-Mediated Skin Infections -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Role of Biofilm in Skin Infection -- 14.3 Biofilm Formation and Cell-to-Cell Communication -- 14.4 Pathogenesis and Types of Skin Infection Caused by Biofilms -- 14.4.1 Rosacea -- 14.4.2 Acne Vulgaris -- 14.4.3 Atopic Dermatitis -- 14.4.4 Cellulitis, Erythema Nosodum, and Erysipelas -- 14.4.5 Onychomycosis -- 14.4.6 Furuncles and Impetigo -- 14.4.7 Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome -- 14.4.8 Miliaria -- 14.4.9 Necrotizing Fasciitis -- 14.4.10 Pseudomonas Infections of the Skin -- 14.4.11 Paronychia -- 14.4.12 Chronic Non-healing Ulcers -- 14.4.13 Other Biofilm-Related Skin Infections -- 14.5 Conclusion -- References. , 15 Approaches Towards Microbial Biofilm Disruption by Natural Bioactive Agents.

Note: Intro -- Preface -- Table of Contents -- List of Contributing Authors -- 1 Overview of chemical drug design -- 1.1 Drug design -- 1.2 Rational drug design -- 1.3 Ligand-based drug design -- 1.4 Structure-based drug design -- 1.5 Pharmacophore-based approaches -- 1.6 Structure-based approaches -- 1.7 New lead generation -- 1.8 Structure evaluation -- 1.9 Future directions -- 2 Drug designing in novel drug discovery: Trends, scope and relevance -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Drug designing -- 2.3 Applications of SBDD -- 2.4 Applications of LBDD -- 2.5 Role of cheminformatics in drug discovery -- 2.6 Conclusion -- 3 Structure- and ligand-based approaches in drug designing -- 3.1 Drug discovery -- 3.2 Drug design -- 3.3 Drug designing techniques -- 3.4 Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) -- 3.5 Physicochemical parameters -- 3.6 Biological parameters -- 3.7 Statistical terms in QSAR -- 4 Drug design applied to natural products against neglected diseases -- 4.1 Natural products -- 4.2 Medicinal chemistry -- 4.3 Docking -- 4.4 Neglected diseases -- 4.5 Final considerations -- 5 Natural product hybrid compounds as drug leads -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Naturally occurring hybrids/conjugates of natural products -- 5.3 Synthetic hybrids of whole natural products -- 5.4 Conclusion -- 6 Drug metabolism -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Phase I Metabolic reactions -- 6.3 Oxidative mechanisms -- 6.4 Reductive reactions -- 6.5 Hydrolytic reactions -- 6.6 Phase II conjugation reactions -- 6.7 Factors affecting drug metabolism -- 7 Mistletoe lectin: A promising cancer therapeutic -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Anticancer potency of bacteria/plant lectins -- 7.3 Anticancer potency of mistletoe and the underlying mechanisms -- 7.4 Mistletoe lectins -- 7.5 Future directions -- 7.6 Concluding remarks -- 8 Antipsychotics -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 History. , 8.3 Etiology of schizophrenia and related psychoses -- 8.4 Potential mechanism of action of antipsychotics -- 8.5 Structure-activity relationships and pharmacology of the drugs -- 8.6 Research into future treatments for schizophrenia and related psychoses -- 9 Chemometric analysis: A novel tool for herbal drug analysis and designing -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Experimental -- 9.3 Data analysis and quality evaluation -- 9.4 Results and discussion -- 9.5 Conclusion -- 10 Copper and its complexes: A pharmaceutical perspectives -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Source of dietetic copper -- 10.3 Recommended concentration of copper for human diet -- 10.4 Copper consumption and suggestions -- 10.5 Mechanism of copper transport in humans -- 10.6 Copper deficiency and symptoms -- 10.7 Copper metabolism and major diseases -- 10.8 Copper metabolism and hypothesized health problems -- 10.9 Copper complexes as an emerging tool in pharmaceutical sciences -- 10.10 Concluding remarks -- 11 Thiazole: A privileged scaffold in drug discovery -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Synthetic routes for the construction of the thiazole ring -- 11.3 Thiazole as privileged scaffold in synthetic drugs -- 11.4 Ritonavir -- 11.5 Nitazoxanide -- 11.6 Sulfathiazole -- 11.7 Thiabendazole -- 11.8 Fatostatin -- 11.9 Dasatinib -- 11.10 Tiazofurin -- 11.11 CYC116 -- 11.12 NCH-31 -- 11.13 TAK-715 -- 11.14 Meloxicam -- 11.15 Nizatidine -- 11.16 Famotidine -- 11.17 Conclusion -- Index.

Note: Front Cover -- Pericyclic Reactions -- Copyright -- To Our Families -- Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1 - Pericyclic Reactions and Molecular Orbital Symmetry -- 1.1 CLASSIFICATION OF PERICYCLIC REACTIONS -- 1.2 MOLECULAR ORBITALS OF ALKENES AND CONJUGATED POLYENE SYSTEMS -- 1.3 MOLECULAR ORBITALS OF CONJUGATED IONS OR RADICALS -- 1.4 SYMMETRY PROPERTIES OF π OR σ-MOLECULAR ORBITALS -- 1.5 ANALYSIS OF PERICYCLIC REACTIONS -- FURTHER READING -- Chapter 2 - Electrocyclic Reactions -- 2.1 CONROTATORY AND DISROTATORY MODES -- 2.2 STEREOCHEMISTRY OF ELECTROCYCLIC REACTIONS -- 2.3 SELECTION RULES FOR ELECTROCYCLIC REACTIONS -- 2.4 ANALYSIS OF ELECTROCYCLIC REACTIONS -- 2.5 ELECTROCYCLIC REACTIONS OF IONIC SPECIES -- Chapter 3 - Sigmatropic Rearrangements -- 3.1 SUPRAFACIAL AND ANTARAFACIAL PROCESSES -- 3.2 ANALYSIS OF SIGMATROPIC REARRANGEMENTS OF HYDROGEN -- 3.3 ANALYSIS OF SIGMATROPIC REARRANGEMENTS OF ALKYL GROUP -- 3.4 [3,3] SIGMATROPIC REARRANGEMENTS -- 3.5 [5,5] SIGMATROPIC SHIFT -- 3.6 [2,3] SIGMATROPIC REARRANGEMENTS -- 3.7 PERIPATETIC CYCLOPROPANE BRIDGE: WALK REARRANGEMENTS -- 3.8 SIGMATROPIC REARRANGEMENTS INVOLVING IONIC TRANSITION STATES -- Chapter 4 - Cycloaddition Reactions -- 4.1 STEREOCHEMICAL MODES OF CYCLOADDITION -- 4.2 FEASIBILITY OF CYCLOADDITION REACTIONS -- 4.3 [2+2] CYCLOADDITIONS -- 4.4 [4+2] CYCLOADDITIONS -- 4.5 HIGHER CYCLOADDITIONS -- 4.6 CYCLOADDITION OF MULTIPLE COMPONENTS -- Chapter 5 - Cheletropic Reactions and 1,3-Dipolar Cycloadditions -- 5.1 CHELETROPIC REACTIONS -- 5.2 1,3-DIPOLAR CYCLOADDITIONS -- Chapter 6 - Group Transfer, Elimination, and Related Reactions -- 6.1 GROUP TRANSFER REACTIONS -- 6.2 ELIMINATION REACTIONS -- 6.3 DYOTROPIC REARRANGEMENTS -- 6.4 ENE REACTIONS -- 6.5 β-ELIMINATIONS INVOLVING CYCLIC TRANSITION STRUCTURES -- Chapter 7 - Unsolved Problems -- Appendix - Solution Manual -- Index.

Note: Cover -- Half Title -- Series Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Authors -- List of Abbreviations and Units -- 1 Introduction: Phyllanthus-Ethno- and Phytopharmacological Review -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Traditional Uses and Medicinal Properties of Phyllanthus -- 1.3 Phytochemistry -- 1.4 Pharmacological Activity -- 1.5 Phytochemical Analysis -- 2 Screening of Phytochemicals in P. Amarus by HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS -- 2.1 Methods Used for Analysis -- 2.2 Plant Collection and Extraction -- 2.3 LC-MS Analysis of Phytochemicals -- 2.4 Qualitative Analysis -- 2.4.1 Hydroxybenzoic and Hydroxycinnamic Acid Derivatives -- 2.4.2 Flavonoids -- 2.4.3 Ellagic Acid and their Derivatives -- 2.4.4 Lignans -- 2.4.5 Other Compounds -- 2.5 Quantitative Analysis -- 2.6 Distribution of Bioactive Compounds -- 2.7 PCA of HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS Fingerprints -- 3 Quantitative Analysis of Bioactive Compounds in Phyllanthus Species and its Herbal Formulations -- 3.1 Rationale for the Investigation -- 3.2 Sample Collection and Extraction -- 3.3 LC-MS Analysis -- 3.4 Quantitative Analysis of Bioactive Compounds -- 3.5 Quantification of  the 23 Components -- 3.6 Differentiation of Plants and Plant Parts -- 4 DART-TOF-MS Analysis of P. Amarus and Study of Geographical Variations -- 4.1 Direct Analysis in Real-Time Mass Spectrometry (DART-MS) -- 4.2 DART-MS Analysis -- 4.3 Chemical Fingerprints -- 4.4 Principal Component Analysis: Discrimination -- 4.5 Conclusion -- References -- Index.

Note: Cover -- Half Title -- Series Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- List of Figures -- 1.1 Different Species of Rauvolfia Found in India -- 1.2 Root of Rauvolfia -- 2.1 Q-TOF MS/MS Spectra of Yohimbine, Reserpine, Ajmalicine and Ajmaline -- 2.2 Ring Cleavages of Yohimbine (28), Reserpine (44) and Ajmalicine (4) in MS/MS -- 2.3 BPCs of Ethanolic Extracts of Rauwolfia Species -- 2.4 PCA Scores Plot (a) from Rauwolfia Species Showing Discrimination Among the R. Serpentina, R. Verticillata, R. Hookeri, R. Micrantha, R. Tetraphylla and R. Vomitoria. Loadings Plots (b) of the Normalized LC-MS Data Obtained from Three Repeats -- 3.1 MS/MS Spectra and Extracted Ion Chromatograms of Compounds Ajmaline, Yohimbine, Ajmalicine, Serpentine and Reserpine -- 3.2 Graphical Representation of Contents (mg/g) of Ajmaline, Yohimbine, Ajmalicine, Serpentine and Reserpine in Root (a) and Leaf (b) of R. Tetraphylla Root (RtR), R. Verticillata Root R (RvR), R. Vomitoria Root (RvmR), R. hookeri Root (RhR), R. Micrantha Root (RmR), R. serpentina Root (RsR), R. tetraphylla Leaf (RtL), R. Verticillata Leaf R (RvL), R. Vomitoria Leaf (RvmL), R. hookeri Leaf (RhL), R. Micrantha Leaf (RmL), and R. Serpentina Leaf (RsL) -- 3.3 PC1 vs. PC2 Plot Showing Discrimination Among R. Serpentina, R. Verticillata, R. Hookeri, R. Micrantha, R. Tetraphylla and R. Vomitoria Roots and Leaves on the Basis of Quantity of Ajmaline, Yohimbine, Ajmalicine, Serpentine and Reserpine -- List of Tables -- 1.1 Pharmacological Activities of Rauvolfia Constituents -- 1.2 Some of the Major Pharmacological Activities of Rauvolfia -- 2.1 Chromatographic and Spectrometric Characteristics of MIAs in the Ethanolic Extract of Six Rauwolfia Species (Root) by HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS -- 3.1 MRM Parameters for Quantitative Analysis. , 3.2 Regression equations, Correlation Coefficients, Linearity Ranges, LOD, LOQ, Intraday, Interday Precisions, Sability and Recovery for Ajmaline, Yohimbine, Ajmalicine, Serpentine and Reserpine -- 3.3 The Content (mg/g) of Compounds Ajmaline, Yohimbine, Ajmalicine, Serpentine and Reserpine in Ethanolic Extracts of Roots and Leaves of Rauwolfia Species and Herbal Formulations -- List of Scheme -- 2.1 Proposed Fragmentation Pathways and Diagnostic Fragment Ions of Ajmaline -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Authors -- List of Abbreviations and Units -- 1 Rauvolfia: Ethno- And Phytopharma Cological Review -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Traditional Uses and Medicinal Properties of Rauvolfia -- 1.3 Phytochemical Constituents -- 1.4 Pharmacological Activity -- 1.5 Phytochemical Analysis -- 1.5.1 HPTLC, HPLC, GC-MS, CE-MS and LC-MS Analysis -- 1.5.2 Adulteration/Endangered Species -- 1.5.3 Quality Control -- 2 Structural Character ization of Monoterpene Indole Alkaloids in Ethanolic Extracts of Rauvolfia Species by LC-QTOF-MS -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Methods Used for Analysis -- 2.2.1 Sample Collection -- 2.2.2 Sample Preparation -- 2.3 LC-MS Analysis of Phytochemicals -- 2.3.1 HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS Conditions -- 2.3.1.1 Chromatographic Conditions -- 2.3.1.2 Mass Spectrometric Conditions -- 2.3.2 Qualitative Analysis -- 2.3.3 Metabolic Prolifing -- 2.3.3.1 Reserpine Class of Compounds -- 2.3.3.2 Ajmalicine Class of Compounds -- 2.3.3.3 Ajmaline Class of Compounds -- 2.3.3.4 Quaternary Indole Alkaloids -- 2.3.3.5 Other Indole Alkaloids -- 2.3.4 Identification of Markers Using PCA -- 2.4 Conclusions -- 3 Simultaneous Determination of Bioactive Monoterpene Indole Alkaloids -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Sample Preparation -- 3.3 LC-QTRAP-MS Analysis -- 3.3.1 Chromatographic Conditions -- 3.3.2 Mass Spectrometer Conditions -- 3.3.3 Optimization of Analysis. , 3.3.4 Analytical Method Validation -- 3.3.4.1 Linearity, Limit of Detection (LOD) and Limit of Quantitation (LOQ) -- 3.3.4.2 Precision, Stability and Accuracy -- 3.4 Quantitative Analysis of Bioactive Alkaloids in Rauvolfia Species -- 3.5 Principal Component Analysis (PCA) -- 3.6 Conclusions -- References -- Index.