Note: Intro -- Contents -- About the Editors -- Design and Simulation of Vertical Handover Algorithm for Intelligent Transport System Using Analytic Hierarchy Process -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Analytic Hierarchy Process -- 3 Design Methodology of Vertical Handover -- 4 Simulation Results for Voice Application -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Particulate Matter Emission Assessment and Future Outlook Through Air Dispersion Model for Sustainable Development Planning in an Inland City in Central Maharashtra, India -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Study Area -- 2 Methodology -- 2.1 Emission Inventory -- 2.2 Dispersion Modelling -- 2.3 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring at Receptor -- 3 Result -- 3.1 Emission Inventory -- 3.2 Disperssion Modelling -- 3.3 Monitoring -- 4 Discussion -- 4.1 Point Source Mitigation Action Plan -- 4.2 Area Sources -- 4.3 Line Sources -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Assessment on Prevention of Groundwater Contamination -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Illustrations -- 2.1 Groundwater: Its Contamination, Pollution, and Its Prevention in India. By Kunjlata Lal, Assistant Professor, Dept. of Education Ranchi Women's College, Ranchi, Jharkhand [5] -- 2.2 Groundwater Arsenic Contamination in Bangladesh: Causes, Effects, and Remediation -- 2.3 Groundwater Pollution and Remediation -- 2.4 Contamination of Groundwater Systems in the US and Canada by Enteric Pathogens, 1990-2013 -- 2.5 Drastic Approach to Controlling Groundwater Pollution -- 2.6 Possible Methods of Preventing Groundwater Contamination at Landfill Sites -- Case Studies from Nepal -- 3 Conclusion -- References -- Sensitivity Study on the Classical Biofilm Model Using a Simplified Solution Method -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Objective -- 2.1 Materials and Methods -- 2.2 Results and Discussion -- 3 Conclusions -- References -- Risk of Extinction of Species in an Ecological System: Estimation and Analysis. , 1 Introduction -- 2 Joint Probability Distribution of Prey-Predator in a Two Dimensional Ecological Model -- 3 Derivation of Joint Probability Distribution -- 3.1 Marginal Distribution of Prey -- 4 Derivation of Difference Equation for Persistence Time of Prey -- 5 Application to Predator-Prey Models -- 6 Result and Discussion -- References -- An Experimental Study on Integrated Power-Free Shock Electrodialysis for Desalination -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Objectives -- 3 Materials and Methodology -- 3.1 Constituents of Synthetic Seawater -- 3.2 Desalinator Setup -- 3.3 Power Generator Setup -- 3.4 Experimental Procedure -- 4 Results and Discussions -- 4.1 Effect of Time and Voltage on the Electrodialysis Process -- 4.2 Effect of Voltage on % Removal of TDS -- 4.3 Effect of Voltage on EC Reduction -- 4.4 Power Consumption at Different Voltage -- 4.5 Optimization of Electrodialysis Process Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) -- 4.6 Experimental Procedure for Optimization -- 4.7 Summary of Responses for Synthetic Seawater Sample -- 4.8 Electrodialysis on Synthetic Seawater at Different NaCl Molar Concentration -- 4.9 Results of Power Generation -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Brassica Juncea (L.) Czern. (Indian Mustard): A Potential Candidate for the Phytoremediation of Mercury from Soil -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Method -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 3.1 Hg Concentration in Plant's Tissues (Root, Stem, and Leaf) -- 3.2 Volatilization of Hg from Hg-Treated Blank Soil at 30th, 60th, and 90th Day of Exposure -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Stabilization of Expansive Soil Using Saw Dust -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Objectives of Study -- 3 Expansive Soil -- 4 Laboratory Studies -- 4.1 Standard Proctor Compaction Test -- 5 Results and Discussion -- 5.1 Effect of Saw Dust on Proctor Compaction Tests. , 5.2 Effect of Saw Dust on Atterberg's Limits of Soil -- 5.3 Effect of Saw Dust on Plasticity Index -- 5.4 Effect of Saw Dust on CBR Tests Result -- 5.5 Effect of Saw Dust on Direct Shear Test -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Analysing the Influence of Groundwater Exploitation on Its Quality in Kolkata -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Location of the Study Area -- 3 Methodology -- 4 Results and Discussion -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- Efficacy Evaluation of Conventional Water Treatment Process and THMs Modeling in Drinking Water of Five Cities in India -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Material and Methods -- 2.1 Sample Collection -- 2.2 Analytical Methods -- 2.3 Predictive Modeling Approaches of THMs -- 3 Result and Discussion -- 3.1 Water Quality Status and Distribution of THMs Precursors -- 3.2 Efficacy Evaluation of Existing Treatment System for Removal of THMs Precursors -- 3.3 Modeling of THMs Formation Using SVM -- 3.4 Validation of SVM Model -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Study of Water Quality Index to Ascertain the Suitability of Surface Water for Domestic Purposes -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 3 Theoretical Analysis -- 4 Results and Discussion -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Evaluation of Anthropogenic-Driven Water Pollution Effects in an Urban Freshwater Resource Using Integration Pollution Index Method -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Study Area -- 3 Materials and Methods -- 4 Results and Discussions -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Improved Sequential Approach for Hybrid Bioleaching of Metals from E-Waste -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 2.1 E-Waste Collection and Processing -- 2.2 Bacteria and Culture Conditions -- 2.3 Biological Oxidation of Ferrous Iron -- 2.4 Hybrid Bioleaching -- 2.5 Analytical Procedure -- 3 Results and Discussion. , 3.1 Metallic Content and Surface Morphology of Comminuted PCB Before and After Hybrid Bioleaching -- 3.2 Variation in Fe2+ and Fe3+ Concentrations, pH, and ORP Before and After PCB Addition -- 3.3 Metal Extraction Following Sequential Approach for Hybrid Bioleaching -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Green Energy Based Low Cost Smart Indoor Air Quality Monitoring and Purifying System -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Review -- 2.1 Existing Works -- 3 Principle of Working -- 3.1 Monitoring Unit -- 3.2 Control Unit -- 4 Results and Discussions -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Degradation of Phenol Using Batch-Fluidization Process by Transition Metal Impregnated Red Mud as Modified Catalyst in Heterogeneous Fenton Process -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 3 Preparation of N-RM and RM-Co Catalyst -- 4 Experimental Set-up -- 5 Results and Discussion -- 5.1 N-RM and RM-Co Characterization -- 6 Degradation Study -- 7 Conclusions -- References -- Application of Low-Cost Air Quality Monitoring Sensor to Assess the Exposure of Ambient Air Pollution Due to PM2.5 and PM10 -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 2.1 The Design of the Study and Sites -- 2.2 Low-Cost Monitoring Solution -- 2.3 Data Collection, Extraction, and Processing -- 3 Results -- 3.1 Validation Experiment -- 3.2 Spatial Variation -- 3.3 Diurnal Variation -- 3.4 Temporal Variation -- 3.5 Most Exposed Zone -- 4 Discussion -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Estimation of Greenhouse Gases in the Ambient Air -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Emission from Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) -- 1.2 Emission from Irrigated Rice Fields (IRF) -- 1.3 Emission from Constructed Wetlands (CWs) -- 2 Methodology -- 2.1 Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) -- 2.2 Irrigated Rice Fields (IRF) -- 2.3 Constructed Wetlands (CWs) -- 3 Result and Discussion -- 3.1 Action Plan -- 4 Conclusion -- References. , Indoor Air Pollution at Restaurant Kitchen in Delhi NCR -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methodology -- 3 Result and Discussion -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Determination of SCS Runoff Curve Number and Landuse Characteristics of Khowai River Catchment, Tripura, India -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methods -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Degradation of Plastics Causing Pollution Using Bacteria for Improvement of Freshwater Fish Cultivation -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 3 Summary and Conclusion -- References -- Assessment and MLR Modeling of Traffic Noise at Major Urban Roads of Residential and Commercial Areas of Surat City -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methodology -- 3 Data Analysis and Results -- 3.1 Bhatar Road (Flexible Pavement) -- 3.2 Swami Vivekananda Marg (Flexible Pavement) -- 3.3 Big Bazaar-Vesu Road (Rigid Pavement) -- 4 Model Developments -- 4.1 For All Three Roads -- 5 Results and Discussion -- 6 Conclusion and Recommendations -- References -- A Review on the Advanced Techniques Used for the Capturing and Storage of CO2 from Fossil Fuel Power Plants -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Emissions of CO2 from Fossil Fuel Power Plant -- 3 Cost and Efficiency -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Assessment and Characterization of Air Pollution Due to Vehicular Emission Considering the AQI and LOS of Various Roadways in Kolkata -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Review -- 2.1 Data Collection -- 2.2 Factor Analysis -- 2.3 Principle Component Analysis -- 2.4 Model Development Using Ordered Logit Model -- 2.5 Case Study: (Amherst Street) -- 3 Conclusion -- References -- Advent of Graphene Oxide and Carbon Nanotubes in Removal of Heavy Metals from Water: A Review -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Carbon Nanotubes -- 3 Graphene Oxide -- 4 Conclusion -- References. , Removal of Arsenic V+ contaminant by Fixed Bed Column Study by Graphene Oxide Manganese Iron (GO-Mn-Fe) Nano Composite-Coated Sand.

Note: Front Cover -- Secondary Metabolites and Biotherapeutics -- Secondary Metabolites and Biotherapeutics -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- About the authors -- 1 - Introduction to plant secondary metabolites -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1 Alkaloids -- 1.2 Terpenes -- 1.3 Flavonoids -- 1.4 Saponins -- 1.5 Tannins -- 1.6 Phytosterols -- 1.7 Quinones -- 2. Conclusion -- References -- 2 - Identification and purification of plant secondary metabolite as medicinal raw materials -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Several classes of SM found in plants -- 3. Alkaloids -- 4. Compounds containing phenol -- 5. Terpenes -- 6. Techniques employed in the processes of extracting, isolating, and purifying bioactive compounds -- 6.1 Extraction with the assistance of ultrasound -- 6.2 Extraction with the help of microwave-assisted extraction -- 7. Use of different solvents in extracting the phenolic compounds -- 8. Extraction and purification methods for active molecules -- 9. Clarification of the structural components of the bioactive molecules -- 10. Infrared rays spectroscopy -- 11. UV-visible spectroscopy -- 12. The use of mass spectrometry in the identification of chemical compounds -- 13. NMR spectroscopy -- 14. Antioxidant components from plants -- 15. Antimicrobial properties of compound derived from plants -- 16. Examination of phytochemicals -- 17. Secondary metabolites' contributions to pharmacological activity -- 18. Conclusion -- References -- 3 - Biochemical characterization of plant secondary metabolites -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Secondary metabolites -- 3. Therapeutic uses of secondary metabolites -- 3.1 Cardiovascular disorders -- 3.2 Cancer -- 3.3 Parasitic diseases -- 3.4 Neurodegenerative disorders -- 3.5 Diabetes mellitus -- 4. Synthesis of plant secondary metabolites -- 5. Isolation and purification of secondary metabolites. , 5.1 Thin-layer chromatography -- 5.2 High-performance thin layer liquid chromatography -- 5.3 High-performance liquid chromatography -- 5.4 Gas chromatography -- 5.5 Column chromatography -- 5.6 Gel permeation chromatography -- 5.7 Affinity chromatography -- 6. Qualitative assessment of plant extract or secondary metabolites -- 7. Spectroscopy techniques for structural characterization of SMs -- 7.1 UV-visible spectroscopy -- 7.2 Infrared spectroscopy -- 7.3 Fluorescence -- 7.4 Mass spectroscopy -- 7.5 Nuclear magnetic resonance -- 7.6 X-ray diffraction -- 8. Miscellaneous methods -- 8.1 Immunoassay -- 9. Dilemma-primary metabolite or secondary metabolite? -- 10. Dereplication databases -- 11. Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic characterization of SMs -- 11.1 In vitro studies -- 11.2 In vivo studies -- 11.3 In situ model -- 11.4 In silico studies -- 12. Toxicological characterization of SMs -- 13. Conclusion -- References -- 4 - Production of secondary metabolites from medicinal plants through tissue culture -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Medicinal plant -- 3. Secondary metabolite -- 4. Types of secondary metabolites -- 4.1 Phenolics -- 4.2 Alkaloid -- 4.3 Saponin -- 4.4 Terpene -- 4.5 Lipid -- 4.6 Carbohydrate -- 5. Production of secondary metabolites through plant tissue culture -- 6. Methods of secondary metabolites production -- 7. Conventional methods -- 8. Nonconventional methods -- 9. Genetic engineering using microbes -- 10. Precursor feeding -- 11. Biotransformation -- 12. Metabolic engineering -- 13. Conclusion and future perspectives -- References -- 5 - Role of endophytes in the production of secondary metabolites -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Types of endophytes -- 2.1 Bacterial endophytes -- 2.2 Fungal endophytes -- 3. Interaction of endophytes with the host plant -- 4. Production of the secondary metabolites by endophytes. , 5. Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites -- 6. Conclusion and future prospect -- References -- 6 - Trends in secondary metabolites production from plant sources -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Recent developments in the process of producing secondary metabolites -- 3. Secondary metabolites production derived from medicinal plants by using tissue cultures -- 4. Recent developments in secondary metabolites production by higher plants -- 5. Production of secondary metabolites using organ cultures -- 6. The addition of a precursor to help improve the secondary metabolites production -- 7. Elicitation of products developed in vitro -- 8. Secondary metabolites source-hairy root cultures -- 9. Using hairy root culture with the purpose of secondary metabolites production by means of genetic manipulation -- 10. Endophytes play an important part in the in vitro secondary metabolites production -- 11. Increasing production of secondary metabolites via scaling of bioreactors -- 12. Immobilization increasing the accumulation of secondary metabolites on a larger scale -- 13. Tissue cultures production responsible for interesting pharmaceutical products -- 14. Taxol -- 15. Morphine and codeine -- 16. Diosgenin -- 17. l-DOPA -- 18. Capsaicin -- 19. Camptothecin -- 20. Berberine -- 21. The metabolic pathway engineering and generation of secondary metabolites -- 22. Engineering yeast metabolic pathways to produce plant secondary metabolites -- 23. Yeast's contribution to the production of flavonoids -- 24. Yeast is responsible for the production of terpenoids -- 25. Yeast's role in the production of alkaloids derived from plants -- 26. Conclusion -- References -- 7 - Elicitation of secondary metabolites from plants -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Classification of elicitors -- 2.1 Biotic elicitors -- 2.2 Abiotic elicitors -- 2.2.1 Hormonal elicitors -- 2.2.1.1 Jasmonic acid. , 2.2.1.1 Jasmonic acid -- 2.2.1.2 Salicylic acid -- 2.2.1.2 Salicylic acid -- 2.2.1.3 Hormones of a different kind -- 2.2.1.3 Hormones of a different kind -- 2.2.1.4 Brassinosteroids -- 2.2.1.4 Brassinosteroids -- 2.2.1.5 Abscisic acid -- 2.2.1.5 Abscisic acid -- 2.2.1.6 SM auxins -- 2.2.1.6 SM auxins -- 2.2.2 Inorganic elicitors (chemical) -- 2.2.2.1 Heavy metals -- 2.2.2.1 Heavy metals -- 2.2.2.2 Effects of undernourishment and toxic metals on root exudate secretion -- 2.2.2.2 Effects of undernourishment and toxic metals on root exudate secretion -- 2.2.3 Elicitors of a physical nature -- 2.2.3.1 Radiation from UV-B rays -- 2.2.3.1 Radiation from UV-B rays -- 2.2.3.2 Salt concentration -- 2.2.3.2 Salt concentration -- 2.2.3.3 The strain of a drought -- 2.2.3.3 The strain of a drought -- 2.2.3.4 Stress caused by heat -- 2.2.3.4 Stress caused by heat -- 3. Mechanism of elicitation in plant cells -- 4. Elicitors that are being used at the present time -- 5. New methods to boost SM production depending on the elicitor signaling pathways -- 6. Summary and remarks -- References -- 8 - Genetic manipulation for secondary metabolite production -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Genes involved in the biosynthesis -- 3. Genes that act as regulators -- 4. Genes involved in the production of indole alkaloids -- 5. Regulatory genes involving indole alkaloids -- 6. Isoquinoline alkaloids -- 7. Pyrrolidine alkaloids and tropane alkaloids -- 8. Terpenoids -- 9. Carotenoids -- 10. Benzoic acid derivatives -- 11. Cyanogenic glucosides -- 12. Stilbene phytoalexins are introduced in transgeneic plants -- 13. Plant protection and plant breeding use of the phytoalexin technology -- 14. Modification of secondary plant metabolism to produce functional food -- 15. Disease resistance is achieved through engineering phytoalexin pathways -- 16. Final thoughts and summaries -- References. , 9 - Scaling up of secondary metabolite production -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Production of secondary metabolites -- 3. Use of organized cultures and metabolic engineering for secondary metabolite production -- 4. Application of hairy roots in secondary metabolites production -- 5. Metabolite engineering in secondary metabolite production -- 6. Engineering considerations in large-scale production of biomass -- 7. Strategies to improve productivity -- 7.1 Screening and selection, medium optimization -- 7.2 Scale-up of plant cell suspension culture: Features of plant cell culture in bioreactors -- 7.3 Application of different bioreactors in secondary metabolites production -- 7.4 Differentiated cells -- 7.5 Immobilized cells -- 7.6 Elicitation -- 7.7 Metabolic engineering -- 7.8 Examples of plant genes in plants or plant cells -- 7.9 Microbial genes in plants or plant cells -- 7.10 Plant genes in microorganisms -- 8. Conclusion -- 9. Future perspective -- References -- Further reading -- 10 - Metabolic engineering and production of secondary metabolites -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Secondary metabolites -- 2.1 Terpenes -- 2.1.1 Diterpenes -- 2.1.2 Triterpenes (C30) -- 2.1.3 Tetraterpenes (C40) -- 2.1.4 Polyterpenes (C5) -- 2.1.4.1 Creation of terpenes -- 2.1.4.1 Creation of terpenes -- 2.2 Phenolics -- 2.2.1 Flavanoinds -- 2.2.2 Flavonols -- 2.2.3 Isoflavonoides -- 2.2.4 Isoflavone coumarins -- 2.2.5 Furano-coumarins -- 2.3 Nonflavonoids -- 2.3.1 Hydroxycinnamates -- 2.4 Alkaloids -- 2.4.1 Alkaloids of quinolizidine -- 2.4.2 Alliinins -- 3. Metabolic engineering -- 3.1 Metabolic engineering for plant secondary metabolites production -- 4. Secondary metabolite production pathways -- 4.1 Shikimic-acid (shikimate) pathway -- 4.2 Malonic-acid (malonate/acetate) pathway -- 4.3 Methylerythritol-phosphate pathway. , 4.4 Agrobacterium: A unique metabolic engineer of plant.

Note: Cover -- Half Title -- Series Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Authors -- List of Abbreviations and Units -- 1 Introduction: Phyllanthus-Ethno- and Phytopharmacological Review -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Traditional Uses and Medicinal Properties of Phyllanthus -- 1.3 Phytochemistry -- 1.4 Pharmacological Activity -- 1.5 Phytochemical Analysis -- 2 Screening of Phytochemicals in P. Amarus by HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS -- 2.1 Methods Used for Analysis -- 2.2 Plant Collection and Extraction -- 2.3 LC-MS Analysis of Phytochemicals -- 2.4 Qualitative Analysis -- 2.4.1 Hydroxybenzoic and Hydroxycinnamic Acid Derivatives -- 2.4.2 Flavonoids -- 2.4.3 Ellagic Acid and their Derivatives -- 2.4.4 Lignans -- 2.4.5 Other Compounds -- 2.5 Quantitative Analysis -- 2.6 Distribution of Bioactive Compounds -- 2.7 PCA of HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS Fingerprints -- 3 Quantitative Analysis of Bioactive Compounds in Phyllanthus Species and its Herbal Formulations -- 3.1 Rationale for the Investigation -- 3.2 Sample Collection and Extraction -- 3.3 LC-MS Analysis -- 3.4 Quantitative Analysis of Bioactive Compounds -- 3.5 Quantification of  the 23 Components -- 3.6 Differentiation of Plants and Plant Parts -- 4 DART-TOF-MS Analysis of P. Amarus and Study of Geographical Variations -- 4.1 Direct Analysis in Real-Time Mass Spectrometry (DART-MS) -- 4.2 DART-MS Analysis -- 4.3 Chemical Fingerprints -- 4.4 Principal Component Analysis: Discrimination -- 4.5 Conclusion -- References -- Index.

Note: Cover -- Half Title -- Series Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- List of Figures -- 1.1 Different Species of Rauvolfia Found in India -- 1.2 Root of Rauvolfia -- 2.1 Q-TOF MS/MS Spectra of Yohimbine, Reserpine, Ajmalicine and Ajmaline -- 2.2 Ring Cleavages of Yohimbine (28), Reserpine (44) and Ajmalicine (4) in MS/MS -- 2.3 BPCs of Ethanolic Extracts of Rauwolfia Species -- 2.4 PCA Scores Plot (a) from Rauwolfia Species Showing Discrimination Among the R. Serpentina, R. Verticillata, R. Hookeri, R. Micrantha, R. Tetraphylla and R. Vomitoria. Loadings Plots (b) of the Normalized LC-MS Data Obtained from Three Repeats -- 3.1 MS/MS Spectra and Extracted Ion Chromatograms of Compounds Ajmaline, Yohimbine, Ajmalicine, Serpentine and Reserpine -- 3.2 Graphical Representation of Contents (mg/g) of Ajmaline, Yohimbine, Ajmalicine, Serpentine and Reserpine in Root (a) and Leaf (b) of R. Tetraphylla Root (RtR), R. Verticillata Root R (RvR), R. Vomitoria Root (RvmR), R. hookeri Root (RhR), R. Micrantha Root (RmR), R. serpentina Root (RsR), R. tetraphylla Leaf (RtL), R. Verticillata Leaf R (RvL), R. Vomitoria Leaf (RvmL), R. hookeri Leaf (RhL), R. Micrantha Leaf (RmL), and R. Serpentina Leaf (RsL) -- 3.3 PC1 vs. PC2 Plot Showing Discrimination Among R. Serpentina, R. Verticillata, R. Hookeri, R. Micrantha, R. Tetraphylla and R. Vomitoria Roots and Leaves on the Basis of Quantity of Ajmaline, Yohimbine, Ajmalicine, Serpentine and Reserpine -- List of Tables -- 1.1 Pharmacological Activities of Rauvolfia Constituents -- 1.2 Some of the Major Pharmacological Activities of Rauvolfia -- 2.1 Chromatographic and Spectrometric Characteristics of MIAs in the Ethanolic Extract of Six Rauwolfia Species (Root) by HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS -- 3.1 MRM Parameters for Quantitative Analysis. , 3.2 Regression equations, Correlation Coefficients, Linearity Ranges, LOD, LOQ, Intraday, Interday Precisions, Sability and Recovery for Ajmaline, Yohimbine, Ajmalicine, Serpentine and Reserpine -- 3.3 The Content (mg/g) of Compounds Ajmaline, Yohimbine, Ajmalicine, Serpentine and Reserpine in Ethanolic Extracts of Roots and Leaves of Rauwolfia Species and Herbal Formulations -- List of Scheme -- 2.1 Proposed Fragmentation Pathways and Diagnostic Fragment Ions of Ajmaline -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Authors -- List of Abbreviations and Units -- 1 Rauvolfia: Ethno- And Phytopharma Cological Review -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Traditional Uses and Medicinal Properties of Rauvolfia -- 1.3 Phytochemical Constituents -- 1.4 Pharmacological Activity -- 1.5 Phytochemical Analysis -- 1.5.1 HPTLC, HPLC, GC-MS, CE-MS and LC-MS Analysis -- 1.5.2 Adulteration/Endangered Species -- 1.5.3 Quality Control -- 2 Structural Character ization of Monoterpene Indole Alkaloids in Ethanolic Extracts of Rauvolfia Species by LC-QTOF-MS -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Methods Used for Analysis -- 2.2.1 Sample Collection -- 2.2.2 Sample Preparation -- 2.3 LC-MS Analysis of Phytochemicals -- 2.3.1 HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS Conditions -- 2.3.1.1 Chromatographic Conditions -- 2.3.1.2 Mass Spectrometric Conditions -- 2.3.2 Qualitative Analysis -- 2.3.3 Metabolic Prolifing -- 2.3.3.1 Reserpine Class of Compounds -- 2.3.3.2 Ajmalicine Class of Compounds -- 2.3.3.3 Ajmaline Class of Compounds -- 2.3.3.4 Quaternary Indole Alkaloids -- 2.3.3.5 Other Indole Alkaloids -- 2.3.4 Identification of Markers Using PCA -- 2.4 Conclusions -- 3 Simultaneous Determination of Bioactive Monoterpene Indole Alkaloids -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Sample Preparation -- 3.3 LC-QTRAP-MS Analysis -- 3.3.1 Chromatographic Conditions -- 3.3.2 Mass Spectrometer Conditions -- 3.3.3 Optimization of Analysis. , 3.3.4 Analytical Method Validation -- 3.3.4.1 Linearity, Limit of Detection (LOD) and Limit of Quantitation (LOQ) -- 3.3.4.2 Precision, Stability and Accuracy -- 3.4 Quantitative Analysis of Bioactive Alkaloids in Rauvolfia Species -- 3.5 Principal Component Analysis (PCA) -- 3.6 Conclusions -- References -- Index.