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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Raman spectroscopy studies of progressively annealed amorphous Si/Ge superlattices (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 70 (1991), S. 3088-3092 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The thermal stability of a-Si/a-Ge superlattices with periods ranging from 2.5 to 41.2 nm has been studied using Raman spectroscopy. Atomic relaxation and rearrangement at the Si/Ge interfaces occur up to an anneal temperature of 300 °C. Further annealing of the superlattices reveals enhanced diffusion and a retarded crystallization, and these effects are more pronounced in short period superlattices.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.349287
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal stability of Ta/Ge superlattices studied by Raman spectroscopy (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 1761-1763 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The thermal behavior of Ta/Ge superlattices has been studied using Raman spectroscopy. The high-frequency Raman spectra, obtained as a function of annealing temperature, reveal no significant change in the superlattice structure up to an anneal temperature of 400 °C. The interlayer diffusion at the Ta/Ge interfaces occurs at 500 °C followed by complete crystallization of the superlattice at 600 °C. Raman scattering from the folded acoustic modes of the superlattices was also employed to study the thermal behavior of superlattices, and the results thus obtained corroborate the above findings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.353211
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies of n-type bismuth-modified amorphous thin films of Ge20Se80 and As2Se3 (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 72 (1992), S. 2066-2068 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The charged state of bismuth atoms in n-type bismuth-modified amorphous thin films of Ge20Se80 and As2Se3 has been studied by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. On the basis of the observed chemical shift, it is concluded that the Bi atoms in the modified films are positively charged. The charged Bi atoms perturb the equilibrium between positively and negatively charged defect centers, thereby causing a shift of the Fermi level towards the conduction band. The observed enhanced electrical conductivity and the conductivity conversion from p to n type in the modified films is the result of such a Fermi level shift.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.351638
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Folded phonon spectra of progressively annealed amorphous Si/Ge superlattices (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 70 (1991), S. 508-510 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Raman scattering from folded acoustic modes of amorphous Si/Ge superlattices has been employed to study thermally induced structural changes in samples of different periods. For a superlattice with 13.5-nm period, the position and intensity of the folded phonon doublet, obtained as a function of annealing temperature, reveal (i) the diffusion of Si into the Ge layers up to an anneal temperature of 500 °C without much effect on Si/Ge interfaces, (ii) a severe degradation of Si/Ge interfaces at an anneal temperature of 600 °C, followed by crystallization of the superlattice, and (iii) a nearly complete intermixing of the layers after the 700 °C anneal. A superlattice with a larger period (P=20.5 nm), on the other hand, retains its layered structure even after an anneal of 700 °C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.350262
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elemental composition and microstructure of reactively sputtered carbon nitride thin films (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 76 (1994), S. 4390-4392 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Thin films of carbon nitride have been grown on various substrates using low power radio frequency reactive sputtering of graphite in pure nitrogen plasma. A quantitative composition analysis using Rutherford backscattering spectrometry shows that the film contains about 51 at. % C, 44 at. % N, and 5 at. % O. The study of the microstructure of the films using cross-sectional scanning electron microscopy reveals highly oriented columnar structures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.357329
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hyperbolic temperature profiles for laser surface interactions (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 76 (1994), S. 5014-5021 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: This study theoretically analyzes the transient temperature distributions in laser irradiated materials by considering a hyperbolic heat conduction model. Exact and limiting mathematical solutions for the temperature distributions are developed and important parameters are identified. Traditional Fourier transient heat conduction models are parabolic in nature, which imply an infinite speed of propagation of the thermal signal in the material. Hyperbolic non-Fourier models have been introduced to account for the finite speed of the thermal wave. The effects of finite speed are significant in short-pulse applications where the time period of the laser input is comparable to the thermal characteristic time of the material, and the resultant temperature variations are significantly different from that of traditional infinite-speed Fourier predictions. Two different types of materials, biological materials and inorganic solids, are considered for laser-surface interactions in the study. The parameter of greatest significance is found to be the ratio of thermal characteristic length to the laser beam width. Values of this parameter in the range between 0.1 and 3, corresponding to different applications, are examined and local temperature maximas, or hot spots, are found to occur at initial time periods for values greater than ∼0.2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.357213
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Unhydrogenated diamond-like carbon films prepared by dc plasma chemical vapor deposition at room temperature (1991)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 58 (1991), S. 1836-1838 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Unhydrogenated diamond-like carbon films were prepared at room temperature by a simple dc plasma chemical vapor deposition system with a low overall power consumption. A gaseous mixture of methane and argon (1:9) was used as a material gas with the intent of bombarding the growing film with Ar+ ions. The bombardment of the depositing species with Ar+ ions present in the plasma leads to (i) removal of hydrogen from the carbon atoms and (ii) a preferential resputtering of weakly bonded graphite precursors from the film surface giving rise to diamond-like properties of the films. The progressive thermal annealing of the films induces graphitization, and promotes growth of the crystallites at higher anneal temperatures (≥500 °C)
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.105073
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spontaneous gallbladder perforation—An unusual presentation of carcinoma of the pancreas (1990)
    Springer
    Surgery today 20 (1990), S. 696-698 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2813
    Keywords: gallbladder perforation ; carcinoma of the pancreas ; biliary peritonitis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A 50 year old man with a two month history of upper abdominal pain and a one month history of anorexia and weight loss, presented with icterus and evidence of peritonitis. Laparotomy revealed biliary peritonitis which had been caused by a rupture of the fundus of the gallbladder. The common bile duct was dilated and there was a large growth in the head of the pancreas with multiple hepatic metastases. A cholecysto-jejunostomy and gastrojejunostomy were done and the patient had an uneventful recovery.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02471035
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of Cd, Co, Cu, Fe and Ni at parts per billion level in high-purity gallium by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) (1990)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 338 (1990), S. 836-840 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The determination of Cd, Co, Cu, Fe and Ni in 6N gallium by GFAAS is reported. The analytes are extracted as pyrrolidine dithiocarbamates into methyl-iso-butyl-ketone (MIBK) in the presence of tartrate. The conditions of extraction, quantity of reagents required and the matrix interference aspects are discussed. The method offers one-step matrix removal and preconcentration, leading to low experimental blanks.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00323198
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Grafting onto isotactic polypropylene. III. Gamma rays induced graft copolymerization of water soluble vinyl monomersPresented in part at the 1987 Spring Meeting of the American Chemical Society, held in Denver, Colorado. (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 41 (1990), S. 1171-1180 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Graft copolymerization of water soluble vinyl monomers such as acrylic acid and acrylamide onto isotactic polypropylene by the pre-irradiation method has been studied. Grafting was carried out in a water and water-methanol solvent system. The percentage of grafting has been determined as a function of (i), total dose (ii) concentration of monomers, (iii) reaction time, and (iv) the composition and amount of water-methanol solvent system. Water was found to be the best solvent for affording maximum grafting. The grafted samples were characterized by spectroscopic and thermogravimetric methods. Acrylic acid was found to be more reactive than acrylamide towards graft copolymerization.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1990.070410526
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