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  • PANGAEA  (18)
  • Public Library of Science  (2)
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  • 1
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    Simulated ocean acidification reveals winners and losers in coastal phytoplankton (2017)
    Public Library of Science
    In:  PLoS ONE, 12 (11). e0188198.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-06
    Description: The oceans absorb ~25% of the annual anthropogenic CO2 emissions. This causes a shift in the marine carbonate chemistry termed ocean acidification (OA). OA is expected to influence metabolic processes in phytoplankton species but it is unclear how the combination of individual physiological changes alters the structure of entire phytoplankton communities. To investigate this, we deployed ten pelagic mesocosms (volume ~50 m3) for 113 days at the west coast of Sweden and simulated OA (pCO2 = 760 μatm) in five of them while the other five served as controls (380 μatm). We found: (1) Bulk chlorophyll a concentration and 10 out of 16 investigated phytoplankton groups were significantly and mostly positively affected by elevated CO2 concentrations. However, CO2 effects on abundance or biomass were generally subtle and present only during certain succession stages. (2) Some of the CO2-affected phytoplankton groups seemed to respond directly to altered carbonate chemistry (e.g. diatoms) while others (e.g. Synechococcus) were more likely to be indirectly affected through CO2 sensitive competitors or grazers. (3) Picoeukaryotic phytoplankton (0.2–2 μm) showed the clearest and relatively strong positive CO2 responses during several succession stages. We attribute this not only to a CO2 fertilization of their photosynthetic apparatus but also to an increased nutrient competitiveness under acidified (i.e. low pH) conditions. The stimulating influence of high CO2/low pH on picoeukaryote abundance observed in this experiment is strikingly consistent with results from previous studies, suggesting that picoeukaryotes are among the winners in a future ocean.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188198
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 2
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    Low CO2 Sensitivity of Microzooplankton Communities in the Gullmar Fjord, Skagerrak: Evidence from a Long-Term Mesocosm Study (2016)
    Public Library of Science
    In:  PLoS ONE, 11 (11). e0165800.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: Ocean acidification is considered as a crucial stressor for marine communities. In this study, we tested the effects of the IPCC RPC6.0 end-of-century acidification scenario on a natural plankton community in the Gullmar Fjord, Sweden, during a long-term mesocosm experiment from a spring bloom to a mid-summer situation. The focus of this study was on microzooplankton and its interactions with phytoplankton and mesozooplankton. The microzooplankton community was dominated by ciliates, especially small Strombidium sp., with the exception of the last days when heterotrophic dinoflagellates increased in abundance. We did not observe any effects of high CO2 on the community composition and diversity of microzooplankton. While ciliate abundance, biomass and growth rate were not affected by elevated CO2, we observed a positive effect of elevated CO2 on dinoflagellate abundances. Additionally, growth rates of dinoflagellates were significantly higher in the high CO2 treatments. Given the higher Chlorophyll a content measured under high CO2, our results point at mainly indirect effects of CO2 on microzooplankton caused by changes in phytoplankton standing stocks, in this case most likely an increase in small-sized phytoplankton of 〈8 μm. Overall, the results from the present study covering the most important part of the growing season indicate that coastal microzooplankton communities are rather robust towards realistic acidification scenarios.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165800
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 3
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    Kiel fjord silicate and phosphate data from discrete water samples in 2015 (2017)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-03
    Description: This dataset is part of a dataset collection. Please read the documentation in Kiel fjord carbonate chemistry data between 2015 (February) and 2016 (January) doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.876551 for details on sampling, measurement and data processing.
    Keywords: DATE/TIME; DEPTH, water; Hand water sampler; HWS; PF2015; PF2015_Kiel-fjord; Phosphate; Polarfuchs; Silicate; Wittlingskuhle
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 66 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 4
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    Kiel fjord carbonate chemistry data between 2015 (February) and 2016 (January) (2017)
    PANGAEA
    In:  GEOMAR - Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-13
    Description: A HydroC® CO2 sensor was deployed from a pontoon at the waterfront of the GEOMAR west shore building into Kiel Fjord, Western Baltic Sea (Kiel, Germany; 54°19'48.78"N, 010° 8'59.44"E). Since the pontoon is floating the deployment depth of the sensor was constant at 1m. Data of two deployment intervals are published here: February 2015 – May 2015 and August 2015 – January 2016.
    Keywords: CO2S; CO2 Sensor; Kiel Fjord; Kiel-Fjord_GEOMAR
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 3 datasets
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 5
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    KOSMOS Finland 2012 mesocosm study: Relative fatty acid composition and biomass of a natural plankton community in the Baltic Sea
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Bermúdez Monsalve, Rafael; Winder, Monika; Almén, Anna-Karin; Engström-Öst, Jonna; Riebesell, Ulf (2016): Effect of ocean acidification on the structure and fatty acid composition of a natural plankton community in the Baltic Sea. Biogeosciences, 13(24), 6625-6635, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-6625-2016
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-05-12
    Description: Increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) is changing seawater chemistry towards reduced pH, which consequently affects various properties of marine organisms. Coastal and brackish water communities are expected to be less affected by ocean acidification (OA) as these communities are typically adapted to high fluctuations in CO2 and pH. Here we investigate the response of a coastal brackish water plankton community to increasing CO2 levels as projected for the coming decades and the end of this century in terms of community and biochemical fatty acid (FA) composition. A Baltic Sea plankton community was enclosed in a set of off-shore mesocosms and subjected to a CO2 gradient ranging from natural concentrations (~347 µatm fCO2) up to values projected for the year 2100 (~1333 µatm fCO2). We show that the phytoplankton community composition was resilient to CO2 and did not diverge between the treatments. Seston FA composition was influenced by community composition, which in turn was driven by silicate and phosphate limitation in the mesocosms, and showed no difference between the CO2 treatments. These results suggest that CO2 effects are dampened in coastal communities that already experience high natural fluctuations in pCO2. Although this coastal plankton community was tolerant to high pCO2 levels, hypoxia and CO2 uptake by the sea can aggravate acidification and may lead to pH changes outside the currently experienced range for coastal organisms.
    Keywords: BIOACID; Biological Impacts of Ocean Acidification; KOSMOS_2012_Tvaerminne; MESO; Mesocosm experiment
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 3 datasets
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 6
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    Temporal biomass dynamics of an Arctic plankton bloom (2013)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Schulz, Kai Georg; Bellerby, Richard G J; Brussaard, Corina P D; Büdenbender, Jan; Czerny, Jan; Engel, Anja; Fischer, Matthias; Krug, Sebastian; Lischka, Silke; Koch-Klavsen, Stephanie; Ludwig, Andrea; Meyerhöfer, Michael; Nondal, G; Silyakova, Anna; Stuhr, Annegret; Riebesell, Ulf (2013): Temporal biomass dynamics of an Arctic plankton bloom in response to increasing levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide. Biogeosciences, 10(1), 161-180, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-161-2013
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-10-21
    Description: Ocean acidification and carbonation, driven by anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), have been shown to affect a variety of marine organisms and are likely to change ecosystem functioning. High latitudes, especially the Arctic, will be the first to encounter profound changes in carbonate chemistry speciation at a large scale, namely the under-saturation of surface waters with respect to aragonite, a calcium carbonate polymorph produced by several organisms in this region. During a CO2 perturbation study in 2010, in the framework of the EU-funded project EPOCA, the temporal dynamics of a plankton bloom was followed in nine mesocosms, manipulated for CO2 levels ranging initially from about 185 to 1420 matm. Dissolved inorganic nutrients were added halfway through the experiment. Autotrophic biomass, as identified by chlorophyll a standing stocks (Chl a), peaked three times in all mesocosms. However, while absolute Chl a concentrations were similar in all mesocosms during the first phase of the experiment, higher autotrophic biomass was measured at high in comparison to low CO2 during the second phase, right after dissolved inorganic nutrient addition. This trend then reversed in the third phase. There were several statistically significant CO2 effects on a variety of parameters measured in certain phases, such as nutrient utilization, standing stocks of particulate organic matter, and phytoplankton species composition. Interestingly, CO2 effects developed slowly but steadily, becoming more and more statistically significant with time. The observed CO2 related shifts in nutrient flow into different phytoplankton groups (mainly diatoms, dinoflagellates, prasinophytes and haptophytes) could have consequences for future organic matter flow to higher trophic levels and export production, with consequences for ecosystem productivity and atmospheric CO2.
    Keywords: BIOACID; Biological Impacts of Ocean Acidification
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 2 datasets
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 7
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    KOSMOS mesocosm experiment Gran Canaria 2019 on testing the effect of nutrient composition (Si:N) during artificial upwelling: microzooplankton, mesozooplankton and toxins (2023)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-27
    Description: Microzooplankton (microZP, protists) and mesozooplankton (mesoZP, metazoans) abundances and biomass as well as presence of domoic acid (DA, phycotoxin) during the mesocosm experiment in the Canary Islands in autumn 2019. Depth-integrated (0-2.5m) water samples were taken over the course of 33 days, in 2-day intervals for microZP and mesoZP and 4-day intervals for DA. MicroZP was assessed by Utermöhl light microscopy and its biomass estimated using biovolume to carbon conversion factors from the literature. MesoZP samples were split into three size fractions (55-200, 200-500 and 〉500 µm), preserved with 70% ethanol and assessed under a stereo microscope. For biomass, mesoZP were measured in an element analyser. MesoZP data is provided for copepods only (dominant group) and all metazoan zooplankton combined (mainly copepods and appendicularians). For DA, particulate matter was filtered (〉0.7µm) and analysed via liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. The upwelling treatment started on day 6. Methodological details in Goldenberg et al. (doi:10.3389/fmars.2022.1015188) and Goldenberg et al. (under review).
    Keywords: AQUACOSM; artificial upwelling; Canarias Sea; carbon dioxide removal; CDRmare; Ciliates, heterotrophic; Ciliates, heterotrophic, biomass as carbon; Copepoda; Copepoda, biomass as carbon; Copepoda, nauplii; DAM CDRmare - Test-ArtUp: Road testing ocean artificial upwelling; DATE/TIME; Day of experiment; Depth, water, experiment, bottom/maximum; Depth, water, experiment, top/minimum; diatoms; Dinoflagellates; Dinoflagellates, biomass as carbon; Domoic acid; Domoic acid per unit mass particulate organic carbon; Event label; Field experiment; GC2019; KOSMOS; KOSMOS_2019; KOSMOS_2019_Mesocosm-M1; KOSMOS_2019_Mesocosm-M2; KOSMOS_2019_Mesocosm-M3; KOSMOS_2019_Mesocosm-M4; KOSMOS_2019_Mesocosm-M5; KOSMOS_2019_Mesocosm-M6; KOSMOS_2019_Mesocosm-M7; KOSMOS_2019_Mesocosm-M8; KOSMOS Gran Canaria; MESO; mesocosm experiment; Mesocosm experiment; Mesocosm label; Mesozooplankton; Mesozooplankton, biomass as carbon; negative emission technology; Network of Leading European AQUAtic MesoCOSM Facilities Connecting Mountains to Oceans from the Arctic to the Mediterranean; Ocean Artificial Upwelling; Ocean-artUp; ocean fertilization; Phase description; plankton food web; Protista, heterotrophic; Protista, heterotrophic, biomass as carbon; Research Mission of the German Marine Research Alliance (DAM): Marine carbon sinks in decarbonisation pathways; Size fraction 〉 500 µm; Size fraction 〉 55 µm; Size fraction 200-500 µm; Size fraction 55-200 µm; Test-ArtUp; Treatment; trophic transfer; Type of study
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 4332 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 8
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    KOSMOS 2013 Gullmar Fjord mesocosm study: Microzooplankton and phytoplankton community composition (2016)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Horn, Henriette G; Sander, Nils; Stuhr, Annegret; Algueró-Muñiz, Maria; Bach, Lennart Thomas; Löder, Martin G J; Boersma, Maarten; Riebesell, Ulf; Aberle, Nicole (2016): Low CO2 Sensitivity of Microzooplankton Communities in the Gullmar Fjord, Skagerrak: Evidence from a Long-Term Mesocosm Study. PLoS ONE, 11(11), e0165800, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0165800
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-06
    Description: Ocean acidification is considered as a crucial stressor for marine communities. In this study, we tested the effects of the IPCC RPC6.0 end-of-century acidification scenario on a natural plankton community in the Gullmar Fjord, Sweden, during a long-term mesocosm experiment from a spring bloom to a mid-summer situation. The focus of this study was on microzooplankton and its interactions with phytoplankton and mesozooplankton. The microzooplankton community was dominated by ciliates, especially small Strombidium sp., with the exception of the last days when heterotrophic dinoflagellates increased in abundance. We did not observe any effects of high CO2 on the community composition and diversity of microzooplankton. While ciliate abundance, biomass and growth rate were not affected by elevated CO2, we observed a positive effect of elevated CO2 on dinoflagellate abundances. Additionally, growth rates of dinoflagellates were significantly higher in the high CO2 treatments. Given the higher Chlorophyll a content measured under high CO2, our results point at mainly indirect effects of CO2 on microzooplankton caused by changes in phytoplankton standing stocks, in this case most likely an increase in small-sized phytoplankton of 〈8 µm. Overall, the results from the present study covering the most important part of the growing season indicate that coastal microzooplankton communities are rather robust towards realistic acidification scenarios.
    Keywords: BIOACID; Biological Impacts of Ocean Acidification
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 3 datasets
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 9
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    KOSMOS Finland 2012 mesocosm study: Phytoplankton biomass and pigment concentration, Nitrogen cycle parameters (2018)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Paul, Allanah Joy; Achterberg, Eric Pieter; Bach, Lennart Thomas; Boxhammer, Tim; Czerny, Jan; Haunost, Mathias; Schulz, Kai Georg; Stuhr, Annegret; Riebesell, Ulf (2016): No observed effect of ocean acidification on nitrogen biogeochemistry in a summer Baltic Sea plankton community. Biogeosciences, 13(13), 3901-3913, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-3901-2016
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-06
    Description: Nitrogen fixation by filamentous cyanobacteria supplies significant amounts of new nitrogen (N) to the Baltic Sea. This balances N loss processes such as denitrification and anammox, and forms an important N source supporting primary and secondary production in N-limited post-spring bloom plankton communities. Laboratory studies suggest that filamentous diazotrophic cyanobacteria growth and N2-fixation rates are sensitive to ocean acidification, with potential implications for new N supply to the Baltic Sea. In this study, our aim was to assess the effect of ocean acidification on diazotroph growth and activity as well as the contribution of diazotrophically fixed N to N supply in a natural plankton assemblage. We enclosed a natural plankton community in a summer season in the Baltic Sea near the entrance to the Gulf of Finland in six large-scale mesocosms (volume ∼ 55m3) and manipulated fCO2 over a range relevant for projected ocean acidification by the end of this century (average treatment fCO2: 365–1231µatm).
    Keywords: Aphanizomenon flos-aquae, biomass as carbon; Aphanizophyll; BIOACID; Biological Impacts of Ocean Acidification; Chaetoceros sp., biomass as carbon; DATE/TIME; Day of experiment; KOSMOS_2012_Tvaerminne; MESO; Mesocosm experiment; Mesocosm label; Nitrogen fixation rate; Phase; Skeletonema marinoi; δ15N
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 1870 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 10
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    Negligible effects of ocean acidification on Eurytemora affinis (2016)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Almén, Anna-Karin; Vehmaa, Anu; Brutemark, Andreas; Bach, Lennart Thomas; Lischka, Silke; Stuhr, Annegret; Furuhagen, Sara; Paul, Allanah Joy; Bermúdez Monsalve, Rafael; Riebesell, Ulf; Engström-Öst, Jonna (2016): Negligible effects of ocean acidification on Eurytemora affinis (Copepoda) offspring production. Biogeosciences, 13(4), 1037-1048, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1037-2016
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-06
    Description: Ocean acidification is caused by increasing amounts of carbon dioxide dissolving in the oceans leading to lower seawater pH. We studied the effects of lowered pH on the calanoid copepod Eurytemora affinis during a mesocosm experiment conducted in a coastal area of the Baltic Sea. We measured copepod reproductive success as a function of pH, chlorophyll a concentration, diatom and dinoflagellate biomass, carbon to nitrogen (C : N) ratio of suspended particulate organic matter, as well as copepod fatty acid composition. The laboratory-based experiment was repeated four times during 4 consecutive weeks, with water and copepods sampled from pelagic mesocosms enriched with different CO2 concentrations. In addition, oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) of animals from the mesocosms was measured weekly to test whether the copepod's defence against oxidative stress was affected by pH. We found no effect of pH on offspring production. Phytoplankton biomass, as indicated by chlorophyll a concentration and dinoflagellate biomass, had a positive effect. The concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the females was reflected in the eggs and had a positive effect on offspring production whereas monounsaturated fatty acids of the females were reflected in their eggs but had no significant effect. ORAC was not affected by pH. From these experiments we conclude that E. affinis seems robust against direct exposure to ocean acidification on a physiological level, for the variables covered in the study. E. affinis may not have faced acute pH stress in the treatments as the species naturally face large pH fluctuations.
    Keywords: BIOACID; Biological Impacts of Ocean Acidification; KOSMOS_2012_Tvaerminne; MESO; Mesocosm experiment; SOPRAN; Surface Ocean Processes in the Anthropocene
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 4 datasets
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    DATA PANGAEA
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