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  • 1
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    Plankton responses to ocean acidification: The role of nutrient limitation (2018)
    Elsevier
    In:  Progress in Oceanography, 165 . pp. 11-18.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-02-08
    Description: Highlights: • Ocean acidification increases phytoplankton standing stock. • This increase is more pronounced in smaller-sized taxa. • Primary consumers reac differently depending on nutrient availability. • Bacteria and micro-heterotrophs benefited under limiting conditions. • In general, heterotrophs are negatively affected at nutrient replete periods. Abstract: In situ mesocosm experiments on the effect of ocean acidification (OA) are an important tool for investigating potential OA-induced changes in natural plankton communities. In this study we combined results from various in-situ mesocosm studies in two different ocean regions (Arctic and temperate waters) to reveal general patterns of plankton community shifts in response to OA and how these changes are modulated by inorganic nutrient availability. Overall, simulated OA caused an increase in phytoplankton standing stock, which was more pronounced in smaller-sized taxa. This effect on primary producers was channelled differently into heterotroph primary consumers depending on the inorganic nutrient availability. Under limiting conditions, bacteria and micro-heterotrophs benefited with inconsistent responses of larger heterotrophs. During nutrient replete periods, heterotrophs were in general negatively affected, although there was an increase of some mesozooplankton developmental stages (i.e. copepodites). We hypothesize that changes in phytoplankton size distribution and community composition could be responsible for these food web responses.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1016/j.pocean.2018.04.006
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 2
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    Dietary and seasonal variability in trophic relations at the base of the North Sea pelagic food web revealed by stable isotope and fatty acid analysis (2018)
    Elsevier
    In:  Journal of Sea Research, 141 . pp. 61-70.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-02-08
    Description: A two-dimensional biomarker approach including fatty acids and stable isotopes of seston and copepods was applied to examine how the variability at the base of the food web affects trophic interactions between primary producers and copepod consumers over a sampling period of two years. We investigated how the composition of the seston affected feeding behaviour by analysing the fatty acid and stable isotope signals of the copepods Calanus helgolandicus, Acartia spp., Centropages spp. and Temora longicornis at Helgoland Roads, North Sea. Our results indicate that the relative contributions of autotrophic and heterotrophic fractions in the seston determined the stable isotope signal of the seston and hence the δ15N of copepods. Our findings show that the combination of stable isotope and fatty acid analyses provides an ideal tool to address the complexity of trophic relations in planktonic food-webs and to define relative trophic position and feeding preferences of e.g. copepods. Defining accurate baselines from bulk seston samples containing a mixture of auto- and heterotroph protist communities still remains a challenge when defining lower food-web dynamics in natural plankton communities
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1016/j.seares.2018.08.004
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 3
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    Effects of high CO2 and warming on a Baltic Sea microzooplankton community (2016)
    Oxford Univ. Press
    In:  ICES Journal of Marine Science, 73 (3). pp. 772-782.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-02-01
    Description: Global warming and ocean acidification are among the most important stressors for aquatic ecosystems in the future. To investigate their direct and indirect effects on a near-natural plankton community, a multiple-stressor approach is needed. Hence, we set up mesocosms in a full-factorial design to study the effects of both warming and high CO2 on a Baltic Sea autumn plankton community, concentrating on the impacts on microzooplankton (MZP). MZP abundance, biomass, and species composition were analysed over the course of the experiment. We observed that warming led to a reduced time-lag between the phytoplankton bloom and an MZP biomass maximum. MZP showed a significantly higher growth rate and an earlier biomass peak in the warm treatments while the biomass maximum was not affected. Increased pCO2 did not result in any significant effects on MZP biomass, growth rate, or species composition irrespective of the temperature, nor did we observe any significant interactions between CO2 and temperature. We attribute this to the high tolerance of this estuarine plankton community to fluctuations in pCO2, often resulting in CO2 concentrations higher than the predicted end-of-century concentration for open oceans. In contrast, warming can be expected to directly affect MZP and strengthen its coupling with phytoplankton by enhancing its grazing pressure.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1093/icesjms/fsv198
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 4
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    Some like it hot: the protozooplankton–copepod link in a warming ocean (2015)
    Inter Research
    In:  Marine Ecology Progress Series, 519 . pp. 103-113.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-01-21
    Description: The combined effects of warming and overwintering copepod densities on the spring succession of Baltic Sea plankton were investigated using indoor mesocosms. Three zooplankton (1.5, 4 and 10 copepods L-1) and two temperature levels called ∆0°C and ∆6°C (0°C and 6°C above the present day temperature scenario for Kiel Bight) were chosen. Both, the timing and the duration of the protozooplankton (PZP) bloom were significantly affected by temperature, but not by copepod density. In contrast, the bloom intensity of PZP was highly affected by the factors temperature and copepod density and its interaction. This suggests that at elevated temperature conditions PZP grows faster but, at the same time, are subject to higher top-down control by copepods. At low temperatures and low copepod densities, PZP in turn fully escaped from copepod predation. Further changes in the overwintering copepod densities resulted in a strong ciliate suppression of which small-sized ciliates (〈30 µm) were especially vulnerable to copepod predation while other PZP size classes remained unaffected. In conclusion, the results presented point at a pivotal regulating role of overwintering copepods under future warming condition. Further, warming was shown to cause a distinct match between phytoplankton and PZP thus strengthening trophic pathways through PZP. Our findings are discussed in the context of the ‘trophic link-sink’ debate by considering potential alterations in the flux of matter and energy up the food web.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.3354/meps11081
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 5
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    High tolerance of protozooplankton to ocean acidification in an Arctic coastal plankton community (2013)
    Copernicus Publications (EGU)
    In:  Biogeosciences (BG), 10 (3). pp. 1472-1481.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: Impacts of ocean acidification (OA) on marine biota have been observed in a wide range of marine systems. We used a mesocosm approach to study the response of a high Arctic coastal protozooplankton (PZP in the following) community during the post-bloom period in the Kongsfjorden (Svalbard) to direct and indirect effects of high pCO2/low pH. We found almost no direct effects of OA on PZP composition and diversity. Both, the relative shares of ciliates and heterotrophic dinoflagellates as well as the taxonomic composition of protozoans remained unaffected by changes in pCO2/pH. The different pCO2 treatments did not have any effect on food availability and phytoplankton composition and thus no indirect effects e.g. on the total carrying capacity and phenology of PZP could be observed. Our data points at a high tolerance of this Arctic PZP community to changes in pCO2/pH. Future studies on the impact of OA on plankton communities should include PZP in order to test whether the observed low sensitivity of protozoans to OA is typical for coastal communities where changes in seawater pH occur frequently.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.5194/bg-10-1471-2013
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 6
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    Ocean acidification and global warming: can we expect effects on the microzooplankton communities? (2015)
    In:  [Poster] In: BIOACID II Final Meeting, 06.10.2015, Kiel, Germany .
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-05-12
    Type: Conference or Workshop Item , NonPeerReviewed
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    OceanRep: Poster
  • 7
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    Effects of ocean acidification and warming on microzooplankton communities in North Sea and Baltic Sea (2014)
    In:  [Poster] In: BIOACID Annual Meeting 2014, 10-11.09.2014, Kiel, Germany .
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-05-12
    Type: Conference or Workshop Item , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 8
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    The role of microzooplankton under future ocean acidification and warming scenarios (2012)
    In:  [Poster] In: BIOACID II Kickoff-Meeting, 06.-07.11.2012, Kiel, Germany .
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-05-12
    Type: Conference or Workshop Item , NonPeerReviewed
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    OceanRep: Poster
  • 9
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    Spring phenological responses of marine and freshwater plankton to changing temperature and light conditions (2012)
    Springer
    In:  Marine Biology, 159 . pp. 2491-2501.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-09
    Description: Shifts in the timing and magnitude of the spring plankton bloom in response to climate change have been observed across a wide range of aquatic systems. We used meta-analysis to investigate phenological responses of marine and freshwater plankton communities in mesocosms subjected to experimental manipulations of temperature and light intensity. Systems differed with respect to the dominant mesozooplankton (copepods in seawater and daphnids in freshwater). Higher water temperatures advanced the bloom timing of most functional plankton groups in both marine and freshwater systems. In contrast to timing, responses of bloom magnitudes were more variable among taxa and systems and were influenced by light intensity and trophic interactions. Increased light levels increased the magnitude of the spring peaks of most phytoplankton taxa and of total phytoplankton biomass. Intensified size-selective grazing of copepods in warming scenarios affected phytoplankton size structure and lowered intermediate (20–200 μm)-sized phytoplankton in marine systems. In contrast, plankton peak magnitudes in freshwater systems were unaffected by temperature, but decreased at lower light intensities, suggesting that filter feeding daphnids are sensitive to changes in algal carrying capacity as mediated by light supply. Our analysis confirms the general shift toward earlier blooms at increased temperature in both marine and freshwater systems and supports predictions that effects of climate change on plankton production will vary among sites, depending on resource limitation and species composition.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1007/s00227-012-1964-z
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 10
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    Low CO2 Sensitivity of Microzooplankton Communities in the Gullmar Fjord, Skagerrak: Evidence from a Long-Term Mesocosm Study (2016)
    Public Library of Science
    In:  PLoS ONE, 11 (11). e0165800.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: Ocean acidification is considered as a crucial stressor for marine communities. In this study, we tested the effects of the IPCC RPC6.0 end-of-century acidification scenario on a natural plankton community in the Gullmar Fjord, Sweden, during a long-term mesocosm experiment from a spring bloom to a mid-summer situation. The focus of this study was on microzooplankton and its interactions with phytoplankton and mesozooplankton. The microzooplankton community was dominated by ciliates, especially small Strombidium sp., with the exception of the last days when heterotrophic dinoflagellates increased in abundance. We did not observe any effects of high CO2 on the community composition and diversity of microzooplankton. While ciliate abundance, biomass and growth rate were not affected by elevated CO2, we observed a positive effect of elevated CO2 on dinoflagellate abundances. Additionally, growth rates of dinoflagellates were significantly higher in the high CO2 treatments. Given the higher Chlorophyll a content measured under high CO2, our results point at mainly indirect effects of CO2 on microzooplankton caused by changes in phytoplankton standing stocks, in this case most likely an increase in small-sized phytoplankton of 〈8 μm. Overall, the results from the present study covering the most important part of the growing season indicate that coastal microzooplankton communities are rather robust towards realistic acidification scenarios.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165800
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
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