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  • 1
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    KOSMOS Finland 2012 mesocosm study: Size-fractionated bacterial protein production (BPP) of free-living and particle associated bacteria and abundance of particle associated heterotrophic prokaryotes. (2016)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Hornick, Thomas; Bach, Lennart Thomas; Crawfurd, Katharine J; Spilling, Kristian; Achterberg, Eric Pieter; Woodhouse, Jason N; Schulz, Kai Georg; Brussaard, Corina P D; Riebesell, Ulf; Grossart, Hans-Peter (2017): Ocean acidification impacts bacteria–phytoplankton coupling at low-nutrient conditions. Biogeosciences, 14(1), 1-15, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-1-2017
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-06
    Description: The oceans absorb about a quarter of the annually produced anthropogenic atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), resulting in a decrease in surface water pH, a process termed ocean acidification (OA). Surprisingly little is known about how OA affects the physiology of heterotrophic bacteria or the coupling of heterotrophic bacteria to phytoplankton when nutrients are limited. Previous experiments were, for the most part, undertaken during productive phases or following nutrient additions designed to stimulate algal blooms. Therefore, we performed an in situ large-volume mesocosm (ca. 55 m**3) experiment in the Baltic Sea by simulating different fugacities of CO2 (fCO2) extending from present to future conditions. The study was conducted in July?August after the nominal spring bloom, in order to maintain low-nutrient conditions throughout the experiment. This resulted in phytoplankton communities dominated by small-sized functional groups (picophytoplankton). There was no consistent fCO2-induced effect on bacterial protein production (BPP), cell-specific BPP (csBPP) or biovolumes (BVs) of either free-living (FL) or particle-associated (PA) heterotrophic bacteria, when considered as individual components (univariate analyses). Permutational Multivariate Analysis of Variance (PERMANOVA) revealed a significant effect of the fCO2 treatment on entire assemblages of dissolved and particulate nutrients, metabolic parameters and the bacteria?phytoplankton community. However, distance-based linear modelling only identified fCO2 as a factor explaining the variability observed amongst the microbial community composition, but not for explaining variability within the metabolic parameters. This suggests that fCO2 impacts on microbial metabolic parameters occurred indirectly through varying physicochemical parameters and microbial species composition. Cluster analyses examining the co-occurrence of different functional groups of bacteria and phytoplankton further revealed a separation of the four fCO2-treated mesocosms from both control mesocosms, indicating that complex trophic interactions might be altered in a future acidified ocean. Possible consequences for nutrient cycling and carbon export are still largely unknown, in particular in a nutrient-limited ocean.
    Keywords: BIOACID; Biological Impacts of Ocean Acidification; DATE/TIME; Day of experiment; KOSMOS_2012_Tvaerminne; MESO; Mesocosm experiment; Mesocosm label; Prokaryotes, heterotroph, particle associated; Protein production, free-living bacteria; Protein production, particle associated bacteria; SOPRAN; Surface Ocean Processes in the Anthropocene
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 568 data points
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 2
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    Seawater carbonate chemistry and size-fractionated bacterial protein production (BPP) of free-living and particle associated bacteria and abundance of particle associated heterotrophic prokaryotes of KOSMOS Finland 2012 mesocosm study (2017)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-15
    Keywords: Alkalinity, total; Aragonite saturation state; Baltic Sea; Bicarbonate ion; BIOACID; Biological Impacts of Ocean Acidification; Calcite saturation state; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbonate ion; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Coast and continental shelf; DATE/TIME; Day of experiment; Entire community; Field experiment; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); KOSMOS_2012_Tvaerminne; MESO; Mesocosm experiment; Mesocosm label; Mesocosm or benthocosm; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Other metabolic rates; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Pelagos; pH; Prokaryotes, heterotroph, particle associated; Protein production, free-living bacteria; Protein production, particle associated bacteria; Salinity; SOPRAN; Surface Ocean Processes in the Anthropocene; Temperate; Temperature, water
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 2122 data points
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 3
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    TemBi 2014 mesocosm study: Summer storm impact on water chemistry and physics in Lake Stechlin (2021)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-22
    Description: We simulated an experimental summer storm in large-volume (~1200 m3, ~16m depth) enclosures in Lake Stechlin by mixing deeper water masses from the meta- and hypolimnion into the mixed layer (epilimnion). The mixing included the disturbance of a deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM) which was present at the same time of the experiment in Lake Stechlin and situated in the metalimnion of each enclosure during filling. Water physical variables and water chemistry was monitored for 42 days after the experimental disturbance event. Mixing disrupted the thermal stratification, increasing concentrations of dissolved nutrients and CO2 and changing light conditions in the epilimnion. Mixing, thus, stimulated phytoplankton growth, resulting in higher particulate matter concentrations of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous.
    Keywords: Alkalinity, total; Ammonium; Ammonium molybdate reaction (FIASTAR 5000), (0.3 µm GF-75 prefiltered (Sterlitech)); BIBS; Bicarbonate ion; Bridging in Biodiversity Science; Calcium; Calcium carbonate; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon, inorganic, particulate; Carbon, organic, dissolved; Carbon, organic, particulate; Carbon, total, particulate; Carbonate ion; Carbon dioxide; Carbon dioxide, partial pressure; Chloride; Climate change; Climate driven Changes in Biodiversity of Microbiota; Conductivity, electrolytic; cyanobacteria; DATE/TIME; Day of experiment; DCM; DEPTH, water; Depth of Secchi Disk; Description; Difference derived from TPC and PIC; disturbance; ELTRA-800 (0.3 µm GF-75 filters (Sterlitech)); enclosure; Enclosure experiment; Flow-injection analyzer; Flow-injection analyzer (0.3 µm GF-75 prefiltered (Sterlitech)); Fugacity of carbon dioxide in seawater; Germany; High temperature combustion, infra-red detection (Shimadzu), (0.3 µm GF-75 prefiltered (Sterlitech)); Infralyt 50 (SAXON Junkalor GmbH), (0.3 µm GF-75 filters (Sterlitech)); Ion chromatography (Dionex), (0.3 µm GF-75 prefiltered (Sterlitech)); lake; Lake_Stechlin; Magnesium; mesocosm; Mesocosm label; Nitrate; Nitrite; Nitrogen, total; Nitrogen, total, particulate; Nitrogen, total dissolved; NITROLIMIT; Oxygen; Oxygen/Nitrogen ratio; Oxygen saturation; Oxygen sensor, YSI6560; PAR sensor Li-193SA, LI-COR Inc.; Peroxodisulfate oxidation method; Flow-injection analyzer; 0.3 µm GF-75 filters (Sterlitech); pH; Phosphorus, reactive soluble; Phosphorus, total; Phosphorus, total, particulate; Potassium; Pressure, technical; Radiation, photosynthetically active; SD; Secchi disk; Silicate, dissolved; Sodium; Stickstofflimitation in Binnengewässern; Sulfate; summer storm; TemBi; Temperature, air; Temperature, water; Titration; Treatment; Vaisala Weather station WXT520; water chemistry; water physics
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 10528 data points
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 4
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    TemBi 2014 mesocosm study: Summer storm impact on size-fractionated bacterial protein production and abundance of heterotrophic prokaryotes and picocyanobacteria (2021)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-08
    Description: We simulated an experimental summer storm in large-volume (~1200 m3, ~16m depth) enclosures in Lake Stechlin (https://www.lake-lab.de) by mixing deeper water masses from the meta- and hypolimnion into the mixed layer (epilimnion). The mixing included the disturbance of a deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM) which was present at the same time of the experiment in Lake Stechlin and situated in the metalimnion of each enclosure during filling. Size-fractionated Bacterial Protein Production (BPP) of particle associated (PA, 〉3.0 µm) and free-living bacteria (FL, 0.2-3.0 µm) (14C-Leu incorporation) as well as abundances of PA (microscopy of DAPI stained cells on 3.0 µm polycarbonate filters) and FL heterotrophic prokaryotes and picocyanobacteria (flow cytometry of SYBR green I stained cells) were monitored for 42 days after the experimental disturbance event. Mixing increased bacterial abundance and production about 3 weeks after mixing, which was associated to a mixing-induced stimulation of phytoplankton growth in the mixed enclosures compared to the controls. Simultaneously, decreased abundances of picocyanobacteria could be observed in mixed enclosures.
    Keywords: 14C-leucine incorporation; Bacterial abundance of HDNA-Bacteria; Bacterial abundance of LDNA-Bacteria; bacterial production; BIBS; Bridging in Biodiversity Science; chlorophyll; Climate change; Climate driven Changes in Biodiversity of Microbiota; cyanobacteria; DATE/TIME; Day of experiment; DCM; DEPTH, water; derived; Description; disturbance; enclosure experiment; Enclosure experiment; Epifluorescence microscopy after DAPI staining; Flow cytometry; Free-living bacterial abundance; Germany; lake; Lake_Stechlin; mesocosm experiment; Mesocosm label; NITROLIMIT; Nostocales biovolume; Nostocales cell abundance; Oxygen/Nitrogen ratio; Particle-associated bacterial abundance; Picocyanobacteria abundance; Protein production, free-living bacteria; Protein production, particle associated bacteria; Stickstofflimitation in Binnengewässern; summer storm; TemBi; Treatment
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 2003 data points
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 5
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    TemBi 2014 mesocosm study: Summer storm impact on sedimentation rates of particulate matter in Lake Stechlin (2021)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-08
    Description: We simulated an experimental summer storm in large-volume (~1200 m3, ~16m depth) enclosures in Lake Stechlin (https://www.lake-lab.de) by mixing deeper water masses from the meta- and hypolimnion into the mixed layer (epilimnion). The mixing included the disturbance of a deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM) which was present at the same time of the experiment in Lake Stechlin and situated in the metalimnion of each enclosure during filling. Water physical variables and water chemistry was monitored for 42 days after the experimental disturbance event. Mixing disrupted the thermal stratification, increased concentrations of dissolved nutrients and CO2 and changed light conditions in the epilimnion. Mixing stimulated phytoplankton growth, thus, resulting in a bloom of Dolichospermum sp. and thereafter increased biomass of Bacillariophyceae. Subsequent, break down of both phytoplankton groups resulted in higher particulate matter sinking fluxes of particulate organic carbon (POC), total particulate nitrogen (TPN) and total particulate phosphorous (TPP) 4-5 weeks after the disturbance event. Mixing resulted in average increases in elemental downward fluxes of 9% POC, 14% total particulate Nitrogen (TPN) and 19% TPP by the end of the experiment (42 days) (n.control=4, n.mixed=4).
    Keywords: BIBS; Bridging in Biodiversity Science; Calcium carbonate, particulate; Carbon, inorganic, particulate; Carbon, organic, particulate; Carbon, total, particulate; Climate change; Climate changes; Climate driven Changes in Biodiversity of Microbiota; cyanobacteria; DATE/TIME; Day of experiment; deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM); Derived from PIC by molar conversion; Description; Difference derived from TPC and PIC; disturbance; ELTRA-800 (0.3 µm GF-75 filters (Sterlitech)); enclosure experiment; Enclosure experiment; Germany; Infralyt 50 (SAXON Junkalor GmbH), (0.3 µm GF-75 filters (Sterlitech)); Lake_Stechlin; Mesocosm label; mesocosm study; Nitrogen, total, particulate; NITROLIMIT; Oxygen/Nitrogen ratio; Peroxodisulfate oxidation method; Flow-injection analyzer; 0.3 µm GF-75 filters (Sterlitech); Phosphorus, total, particulate; sedimentation; sedimentation rates; Stickstofflimitation in Binnengewässern; TemBi; Treatment
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 527 data points
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 6
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    Seawater carbonate chemistry and dissolved organic matter dynamics during an oligotrophic ocean acidification experiment using large-scale mesocosms (KOSMOS 2014) (2023)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-15
    Description: Dissolved organic matter (DOM) represents a major reservoir of carbon in the oceans. Environmental stressors such as ocean acidification (OA) potentially affect DOM production and degradation processes, e.g., phytoplankton exudation or microbial uptake and biotransformation of molecules. Resulting changes in carbon storage capacity of the ocean, thus, may cause feedbacks on the global carbon cycle. Previous experiments studying OA effects on the DOM pool under natural conditions, however, were mostly conducted in temperate and coastal eutrophic areas. Here, we report on OA effects on the existing and newly produced DOM pool during an experiment in the subtropical North Atlantic Ocean at the Canary Islands during an (1) oligotrophic phase and (2) after simulated deep water upwelling. The last is a frequently occurring event in this region controlling nutrient and phytoplankton dynamics. We manipulated nine large-scale mesocosms with a gradient of pCO2 ranging from 350 up to 1,030 μatm and monitored the DOM molecular composition using ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry via Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS). An increase of 37 μmol L−1 DOC was observed in all mesocosms during a phytoplankton bloom induced by simulated upwelling. Indications for enhanced DOC accumulation under elevated CO2 became apparent during a phase of nutrient recycling toward the end of the experiment. The production of DOM was reflected in changes of the molecular DOM composition. Out of the 7,212 molecular formulae, which were detected throughout the experiment, 50% correlated significantly in mass spectrometric signal intensity with cumulative bacterial protein production (BPP) and are likely a product of microbial transformation. However, no differences in the produced compounds were found with respect to CO2 levels. Comparing the results of this experiment with a comparable OA experiment in the Swedish Gullmar Fjord, reveals similar succession patterns for individual compound pools during a phytoplankton bloom and subsequent accumulation of these compounds were observed. The similar behavior of DOM production and biotransformation during and following a phytoplankton bloom irrespective of plankton community composition and CO2 treatment provides novel insights into general dynamics of the marine DOM pool.
    Keywords: Alkalinity, total; Aragonite saturation state; Bicarbonate ion; Calcite saturation state; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbon, organic, dissolved; Carbonate ion; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Coast and continental shelf; DATE/TIME; Day of experiment; Entire community; Event label; Field experiment; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); KOSMOS_2014; KOSMOS_2014_Atlantic-Reference; KOSMOS_2014_Mesocosm-M1; KOSMOS_2014_Mesocosm-M2; KOSMOS_2014_Mesocosm-M3; KOSMOS_2014_Mesocosm-M4; KOSMOS_2014_Mesocosm-M5; KOSMOS_2014_Mesocosm-M6; KOSMOS_2014_Mesocosm-M7; KOSMOS_2014_Mesocosm-M8; KOSMOS_2014_Mesocosm-M9; MESO; Mesocosm experiment; Mesocosm or benthocosm; Nitrogen, total dissolved; North Atlantic; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Other studied parameter or process; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Pelagos; pH; Salinity; Sample code/label; Subtropical North Atlantic; Temperate; Temperature, water; Type of study
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 5864 data points
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 7
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    Simulated ocean acidification reveals winners and losers in coastal phytoplankton (2017)
    In:  EPIC3PLOS ONE, 12(11), pp. e0188198, ISSN: 1932-6203
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-01-28
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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    PAPER (OA)
  • 8
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    Influence of Ocean Acidification on a Natural Winter-to-Summer Plankton Succession: First Insights from a Long-Term Mesocosm Study Draw Attention to Periods of Low Nutrient Concentrations (2016)
    PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
    In:  EPIC3PLoS ONE, PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE, ISSN: 1932-6203
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-12-13
    Description: Every year, the oceans absorb about 30% of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) leading to a re-equilibration of the marine carbonate system and decreasing seawater pH. Today, there is increasing awareness that these changes–summarized by the term ocean acidification (OA)–could differentially affect the competitive ability of marine organisms, thereby provoking a restructuring of marine ecosystems and biogeochemical element cycles. In winter 2013, we deployed ten pelagic mesocosms in the Gullmar Fjord at the Swedish west coast in order to study the effect of OA on plankton ecology and biogeochemistry under close to natural conditions. Five of the ten mesocosms were left unperturbed and served as controls (~380 μatm pCO2), whereas the others were enriched with CO2-saturated water to simulate realistic end-of-the-century carbonate chemistry conditions (~760 μatm pCO2). We ran the experiment for 113 days which allowed us to study the influence of high CO2 on an entire winter-to-summer plankton succession and to investigate the potential of some plankton organisms for evolutionary adaptation to OA in their natural environment. This paper is the first in a PLOS collection and provides a detailed overview on the experimental design, important events, and the key complexities of such a “long-term mesocosm” approach. Furthermore, we analyzed whether simulated end-of-the-century carbonate chemistry conditions could lead to a significant restructuring of the plankton community in the course of the succession. At the level of detail analyzed in this overview paper we found that CO2-induced differences in plankton community composition were non-detectable during most of the succession except for a period where a phytoplankton bloom was fueled by remineralized nutrients. These results indicate: (1) Long-term studies with pelagic ecosystems are necessary to uncover OA-sensitive stages of succession. (2) Plankton communities fueled by regenerated nutrients may be more responsive to changing carbonate chemistry than those having access to high inorganic nutrient concentrations and may deserve particular attention in future studies.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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    PAPER (OA)
  • 9
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    Simulated ocean acidification reveals winners and losers in coastal phytoplankton (2017)
    Public Library of Science
    In:  PLoS ONE, 12 (11). e0188198.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-06
    Description: The oceans absorb ~25% of the annual anthropogenic CO2 emissions. This causes a shift in the marine carbonate chemistry termed ocean acidification (OA). OA is expected to influence metabolic processes in phytoplankton species but it is unclear how the combination of individual physiological changes alters the structure of entire phytoplankton communities. To investigate this, we deployed ten pelagic mesocosms (volume ~50 m3) for 113 days at the west coast of Sweden and simulated OA (pCO2 = 760 μatm) in five of them while the other five served as controls (380 μatm). We found: (1) Bulk chlorophyll a concentration and 10 out of 16 investigated phytoplankton groups were significantly and mostly positively affected by elevated CO2 concentrations. However, CO2 effects on abundance or biomass were generally subtle and present only during certain succession stages. (2) Some of the CO2-affected phytoplankton groups seemed to respond directly to altered carbonate chemistry (e.g. diatoms) while others (e.g. Synechococcus) were more likely to be indirectly affected through CO2 sensitive competitors or grazers. (3) Picoeukaryotic phytoplankton (0.2–2 μm) showed the clearest and relatively strong positive CO2 responses during several succession stages. We attribute this not only to a CO2 fertilization of their photosynthetic apparatus but also to an increased nutrient competitiveness under acidified (i.e. low pH) conditions. The stimulating influence of high CO2/low pH on picoeukaryote abundance observed in this experiment is strikingly consistent with results from previous studies, suggesting that picoeukaryotes are among the winners in a future ocean.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
    Format: other
    Format: image
    Format: other
    Format: other
    Format: image
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188198
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 10
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    Ocean Acidification Experiments in Large-Scale Mesocosms Reveal Similar Dynamics of Dissolved Organic Matter Production and Biotransformation (2017)
    Frontiers
    In:  Frontiers in Marine Science, 4 . Art.Nr. 271.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-06
    Description: Dissolved organic matter (DOM) represents a major reservoir of carbon in the oceans. Environmental stressors such as ocean acidification (OA) potentially affect DOM production and degradation processes, e.g., phytoplankton exudation or microbial uptake and biotransformation of molecules. Resulting changes in carbon storage capacity of the ocean, thus, may cause feedbacks on the global carbon cycle. Previous experiments studying OA effects on the DOM pool under natural conditions, however, were mostly conducted in temperate and coastal eutrophic areas. Here, we report on OA effects on the existing and newly produced DOM pool during an experiment in the subtropical North Atlantic Ocean at the Canary Islands during an (1) oligotrophic phase and (2) after simulated deep water upwelling. The last is a frequently occurring event in this region controlling nutrient and phytoplankton dynamics. We manipulated nine large-scale mesocosms with a gradient of pCO2 ranging from ~350 up to ~1,030 μatm and monitored the DOM molecular composition using ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry via Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS). An increase of 37 μmol L−1 DOC was observed in all mesocosms during a phytoplankton bloom induced by simulated upwelling. Indications for enhanced DOC accumulation under elevated CO2 became apparent during a phase of nutrient recycling toward the end of the experiment. The production of DOM was reflected in changes of the molecular DOM composition. Out of the 7,212 molecular formulae, which were detected throughout the experiment, ~50% correlated significantly in mass spectrometric signal intensity with cumulative bacterial protein production (BPP) and are likely a product of microbial transformation. However, no differences in the produced compounds were found with respect to CO2 levels. Comparing the results of this experiment with a comparable OA experiment in the Swedish Gullmar Fjord, reveals similar succession patterns for individual compound pools during a phytoplankton bloom and subsequent accumulation of these compounds were observed. The similar behavior of DOM production and biotransformation during and following a phytoplankton bloom irrespective of plankton community composition and CO2 treatment provides novel insights into general dynamics of the marine DOM pool.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2017.00271
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
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