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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Impacts of ocean acidification on the calcification of Arctic coralline red algae (Lithothamnion spec.) (2009)
    Kiel
    Details Availability
    Keywords: Hochschulschrift
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (99 Seiten = 5 MB) , Illustrationen, Graphen, Karte
    Edition: 2021
    URL: https://oceanrep.geomar.de/4024/
    Language: English
    Note: Zusammenfassung in deutscher und englischer Sprache
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effects of warming and ocean acidification on calcification and photosynthesis of Arctic coralline red algae under summer light conditions (2012)
    Kiel
    Details Availability
    Keywords: Hochschulschrift ; Nordpolarmeer ; Erwärmung ; Versauerung ; Rotalgen
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (64 Blatt = 3,7 MB)
    URL: https://oceanrep.geomar.de/14718/
    Language: English
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Impacts of ocean acidification and warming on Arctic calcifying key species: benthic coralline red alga (Lithothamnion glaciale) and pelagic thecosome pteropods (Limacina helicina & L. retroversa) (2015)
    Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel
    Details Availability
    Keywords: Hochschulschrift
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (137 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    URL: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:gbv:8-diss-184243
    URL: http://d-nb.info/1187242489/34
    URL: https://macau.uni-kiel.de/receive/dissertation_diss_00018424
    URN: urn:nbn:de:gbv:8-diss-184243
    DDC: 570
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    Temporal biomass dynamics of an Arctic plankton bloom (2013)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Schulz, Kai Georg; Bellerby, Richard G J; Brussaard, Corina P D; Büdenbender, Jan; Czerny, Jan; Engel, Anja; Fischer, Matthias; Krug, Sebastian; Lischka, Silke; Koch-Klavsen, Stephanie; Ludwig, Andrea; Meyerhöfer, Michael; Nondal, G; Silyakova, Anna; Stuhr, Annegret; Riebesell, Ulf (2013): Temporal biomass dynamics of an Arctic plankton bloom in response to increasing levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide. Biogeosciences, 10(1), 161-180, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-161-2013
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-10-21
    Description: Ocean acidification and carbonation, driven by anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), have been shown to affect a variety of marine organisms and are likely to change ecosystem functioning. High latitudes, especially the Arctic, will be the first to encounter profound changes in carbonate chemistry speciation at a large scale, namely the under-saturation of surface waters with respect to aragonite, a calcium carbonate polymorph produced by several organisms in this region. During a CO2 perturbation study in 2010, in the framework of the EU-funded project EPOCA, the temporal dynamics of a plankton bloom was followed in nine mesocosms, manipulated for CO2 levels ranging initially from about 185 to 1420 matm. Dissolved inorganic nutrients were added halfway through the experiment. Autotrophic biomass, as identified by chlorophyll a standing stocks (Chl a), peaked three times in all mesocosms. However, while absolute Chl a concentrations were similar in all mesocosms during the first phase of the experiment, higher autotrophic biomass was measured at high in comparison to low CO2 during the second phase, right after dissolved inorganic nutrient addition. This trend then reversed in the third phase. There were several statistically significant CO2 effects on a variety of parameters measured in certain phases, such as nutrient utilization, standing stocks of particulate organic matter, and phytoplankton species composition. Interestingly, CO2 effects developed slowly but steadily, becoming more and more statistically significant with time. The observed CO2 related shifts in nutrient flow into different phytoplankton groups (mainly diatoms, dinoflagellates, prasinophytes and haptophytes) could have consequences for future organic matter flow to higher trophic levels and export production, with consequences for ecosystem productivity and atmospheric CO2.
    Keywords: BIOACID; Biological Impacts of Ocean Acidification
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 2 datasets
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 5
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    Calcification of the Arctic coralline red algae Lithothamnion glaciale in response to elevated CO2 (2011)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Büdenbender, Jan; Riebesell, Ulf; Form, Armin (2011): Calcification of the Arctic coralline red algae Lithothamnion glaciale in response to elevated CO2. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 441, 79-87, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps09405
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-15
    Description: Rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations could cause a calcium carbonate subsaturation of Arctic surface waters in the next 20 yr, making these waters corrosive for calcareous organisms. It is presently unknown what effects this will have on Arctic calcifying organisms and the ecosystems of which they are integral components. So far, acidification effects on crustose coralline red algae (CCA) have only been studied in tropical and Mediterranean species. In this work, we investigated calcification rates of the CCA Lithothamnion glaciale collected in northwest Svalbard in laboratory experiments under future atmospheric CO2 concentrations. The algae were exposed to simulated Arctic summer and winter light conditions in 2 separate experiments at optimum growth temperatures. We found a significant negative effect of increased CO2 levels on the net calcification rates of L. glaciale in both experiments. Annual mean net dissolution of L. glaciale was estimated to start at an aragonite saturation state between 1.1 and 0.9 which is projected to occur in parts of the Arctic surface ocean between 2030 and 2050 if emissions follow 'business as usual' scenarios (SRES A2; IPCC 2007). The massive skeleton of CCA, which consist of more than 80% calcium carbonate, is considered crucial to withstanding natural stresses such as water movement, overgrowth or grazing. The observed strong negative response of this Arctic CCA to increased CO2 levels suggests severe threats of the projected ocean acidification for an important habitat provider in the Arctic coastal ocean.
    Keywords: Alkalinity, total; Aragonite saturation state; Arctic; Benthos; Bicarbonate ion; BIOACID; Biological Impacts of Ocean Acidification; Boron; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (〈20 L); Calcification/Dissolution; Calcification rate; Calcification rate, standard deviation; Calcite saturation state; Calculated using CO2SYS; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbonate ion; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Coast and continental shelf; Date; Figure; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Hydroxide ion; Laboratory experiment; Lithothamnion glaciale; Macroalgae; Net calcification rate of calcium carbonate, per individual; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); pH; Phosphate; Phosphorus; Plantae; Polar; Potentiometric; Potentiometric titration; Pressure, water; Replicate; Revelle factor; Rhodophyta; Salinity; Season; Silicate; Silicon; Single species; Species; Temperature, water; Treatment; xCO2 (water) at equilibrator temperature (dry air)
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 8948 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 6
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    Seawater carbonate chemistry and biological processes of Limacina helicina during experiments, 2011 (2011)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Lischka, Silke; Büdenbender, Jan; Boxhammer, Tim; Riebesell, Ulf (2011): Impact of ocean acidification and elevated temperatures on early juveniles of the polar shelled pteropod Limacina helicina: mortality, shell degradation, and shell growth. Biogeosciences, 8(4), 919-932, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-919-2011
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-15
    Description: Due to their aragonitic shell, thecosome pteropods may be particularly vulnerable to ocean acidification driven by anthropogenic CO2 emissions. This applies specifically to species inhabiting Arctic surface waters that are projected to become temporarily and locally undersaturated with respect to aragonite as early as 2016. This study investigated the effects of rising partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) and elevated temperature on pre-winter juveniles of the polar pteropod Limacina helicina. After a 29 day experiment in September/October 2009 at three different temperatures and under pCO2 scenarios projected for this century, mortality, shell degradation, shell diameter and shell increment were investigated. Temperature and pCO2 had a significant effect on mortality, but temperature was the overriding factor. Shell diameter, shell increment and shell degradation were significantly impacted by pCO2 but not by temperature. Mortality was 46% higher at 8 °C than at in situ temperature (3 °C), and 14% higher at 1100 ?atm than at 230 ?atm. Shell diameter and increment were reduced by 10 and 12% at 1100 ?atm and 230 ?atm, respectively, and shell degradation was 41% higher at elevated compared to ambient pCO2. We conclude that pre-winter juveniles will be negatively affected by both rising temperature and pCO2 which may result in a possible decline in abundance of the overwintering population, the basis for next year's reproduction.
    Keywords: Alkalinity, total; Animalia; Aragonite saturation state; Arctic; Bicarbonate ion; BIOACID; Biological Impacts of Ocean Acidification; Calcification/Dissolution; Calcite saturation state; Calculated using CO2SYS; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbonate ion; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; CFA; Containers and aquaria (20-1000 L or 〈 1 m**2); Continuous Flow Analysis; EPOCA; EUR-OCEANS; European network of excellence for Ocean Ecosystems Analysis; European Project on Ocean Acidification; Experimental treatment; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Growth/Morphology; Laboratory experiment; Limacina helicina; Limacina helicina, length; Limacina helicina, shell degradation; Limacina helicina, shell increment versus diameter; Metrohm Titrando titrator; Mollusca; Mortality; Mortality/Survival; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Open ocean; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Pelagos; pH; pH meter (Metrohm, 826 pH mobile); Polar; Salinity; Sample ID; Silicon; Single species; Stereomicroscopy (Leica MZ 16 F); Temperature; Temperature, water; Zooplankton
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 2461 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 7
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    Phytoplankton Blooms at Increasing Levels of Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide: Experimental Evidence for Negative Effects on Prymnesiophytes and Positive on Small Picoeukaryotes (2017)
    Frontiers
    In:  Frontiers in Marine Science, 4 . Art.Nr. 64.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-06
    Description: Anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and the ongoing accumulation in the surface ocean together with concomitantly decreasing pH and calcium carbonate saturation states have the potential to impact phytoplankton community composition and therefore biogeochemical element cycling on a global scale. Here we report on a recent mesocosm CO2 perturbation study (Raunefjorden, Norway), with a focus on organic matter and phytoplankton dynamics. Cell numbers of three phytoplankton groups were particularly affected by increasing levels of seawater CO2 throughout the entire experiment, with the cyanobacterium Synechococcus and picoeukaryotes (prasinophytes) profiting, and the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi (prymnesiophyte) being negatively impacted. Combining these results with other phytoplankton community CO2 experiments into a data-set of global coverage suggests that, whenever CO2 effects are found, prymnesiophyte (especially coccolithophore) abundances are negatively affected, while the opposite holds true for small picoeukaryotes belonging to the class of prasinophytes, or the division of chlorophytes in general. Future reductions in calcium carbonate-producing coccolithophores, providing ballast which accelerates the sinking of particulate organic matter, together with increases in picoeukaryotes, an important component of the microbial loop in the euphotic zone, have the potential to impact marine export production, with feedbacks to Earth's climate system.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: text
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2017.00064
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 8
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    In situ camera observations reveal major role of zooplankton in modulating marine snow formation during an upwelling-induced plankton bloom (2018)
    Elsevier
    In:  Progress in Oceanography, 164 . pp. 75-88.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-02-08
    Description: Particle aggregation and the consequent formation of marine snow alter important properties of biogenic particles (size, sinking rate, degradability), thus playing a key role in controlling the vertical flux of organic matter to the deep ocean. However, there are still large uncertainties about rates and mechanisms of particle aggregation, as well as the role of plankton community structure in modifying biomass transfer from small particles to large fast-sinking aggregates.Here we present data from a high-resolution underwater camera system that we used to observe particle size distributions and formation of marine snow (aggregates 〉0.5 mm) over the course of a 9-week in situ mesocosm experiment in the Eastern Subtropical North Atlantic. After an oligotrophic phase of almost 4 weeks, addition of nutrient-rich deep water (650 m) initiated the development of a pronounced diatom bloom and the subsequent formation of large marine snow aggregates in all 8 mesocosms. We observed a substantial time lag between the peaks of chlorophyll a and marine snow biovolume of 9-12 days, which is much longer than previously reported and indicates a marked temporal decoupling of phytoplankton growth and marine snow formation during our study. Despite this time lag, our observations revealed substantial transfer of biomass from small particle sizes (single phytoplankton cells and chains) to marine snow aggregates of up to 2.5 mm diameter (ESD), with most of the biovolume being contained in the 0.5-1 mm size range. Notably, the abundance and community composition of mesozooplankton had a substantial influence on the temporal development of particle size spectra and formation of marine snow aggregates: While higher copepod abundances were related to reduced aggregate formation and biomass transfer towards larger particle sizes, the presence of appendicularia and doliolids enhanced formation of large marine snow.Furthermore, we combined in situ particle size distributions with measurements of particle sinking velocity to compute instantaneous (potential) vertical mass flux. However, somewhat surprisingly, we did not find a coherent relationship between our computed flux and measured vertical mass flux (collected by sediment traps in 15 m depth). Although the onset of measured vertical flux roughly coincided with the emergence of marine snow, we found substantial variability in mass flux among mesocosms that was not related to marine snow numbers, and was instead presumably driven by zooplankton-mediated alteration of sinking biomass and export of small particles (fecal pellets).Altogether, our findings highlight the role of zooplankton community composition and feeding interactions on particle size spectra and formation of marine snow aggregates, with important implications for our understanding of particle aggregation and vertical flux of organic matter in the ocean.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1016/j.pocean.2018.01.004
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 9
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    Influence of Ocean Acidification on a Natural Winter-to-Summer Plankton Succession: First Insights from a Long-Term Mesocosm Study Draw Attention to Periods of Low Nutrient Concentrations (2016)
    Public Library of Science
    In:  PLoS ONE, 11 (8). e0159068.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-04-23
    Description: Every year, the oceans absorb about 30% of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) leading to a re-equilibration of the marine carbonate system and decreasing seawater pH. Today, there is increasing awareness that these changes–summarized by the term ocean acidification (OA)–could differentially affect the competitive ability of marine organisms, thereby provoking a restructuring of marine ecosystems and biogeochemical element cycles. In winter 2013, we deployed ten pelagic mesocosms in the Gullmar Fjord at the Swedish west coast in order to study the effect of OA on plankton ecology and biogeochemistry under close to natural conditions. Five of the ten mesocosms were left unperturbed and served as controls (~380 μatm pCO2), whereas the others were enriched with CO2-saturated water to simulate realistic end-of-the-century carbonate chemistry conditions (~760 μatm pCO2). We ran the experiment for 113 days which allowed us to study the influence of high CO2 on an entire winter-to-summer plankton succession and to investigate the potential of some plankton organisms for evolutionary adaptation to OA in their natural environment. This paper is the first in a PLOS collection and provides a detailed overview on the experimental design, important events, and the key complexities of such a “long-term mesocosm” approach. Furthermore, we analyzed whether simulated end-of-the-century carbonate chemistry conditions could lead to a significant restructuring of the plankton community in the course of the succession. At the level of detail analyzed in this overview paper we found that CO2-induced differences in plankton community composition were non-detectable during most of the succession except for a period where a phytoplankton bloom was fueled by remineralized nutrients. These results indicate: (1) Long-term studies with pelagic ecosystems are necessary to uncover OA-sensitive stages of succession. (2) Plankton communities fueled by regenerated nutrients may be more responsive to changing carbonate chemistry than those having access to high inorganic nutrient concentrations and may deserve particular attention in future studies.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159068
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 10
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    Sink and swim: a status review of thecosome pteropod culture techniques (2014)
    Oxford Univ. Press
    In:  Journal of Plankton Research, 36 (2). pp. 299-315.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-24
    Description: The widespread distribution of pteropods, their role in ocean food webs and their sensitivity to ocean acidification and warming has renewed scientific interest in this group of zooplankton. Unfortunately, their fragile shell, sensitivity to handling, unknowns surrounding buoyancy regulation and poorly described feeding mechanisms make thecosome pteropods notoriously difficult to maintain in the laboratory. The resultant high mortality rates and unnatural behaviours may confound experimental findings. The high mortality rate also discourages the use of periods of acclimation to experimental conditions and precludes vital long-term studies. Here we summarize the current status of culture methodology to provide a comprehensive basis for future experimental work and culture system development
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1093/plankt/fbu002
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
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