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  • 1
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    Seawater carbonate chemistry and the metabolic response of thecosome pteropods from the North Atlantic and North Pacific oceans (2016)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-15
    Description: As anthropogenic activities directly and indirectly increase carbon dioxide (CO2) and decrease oxygen (O2) concentrations in the ocean system, it becomes important to understand how different populations of marine animals will respond. Water that is naturally low in pH, with a high concentration of carbon dioxide (hypercapnia) and a low concentration of oxygen, occurs at shallow depths (200–500 m) in the North Pacific Ocean, whereas similar conditions are absent throughout the upper water column in the North Atlantic. This contrasting hydrography provides a natural experiment to explore whether differences in environment cause populations of cosmopolitan pelagic calcifiers, specifically the aragonitic-shelled pteropods, to have a different physiological response when exposed to hypercapnia and low O2. Using closed-chamber end-point respiration experiments, eight species of pteropods from the two ocean basins were exposed to high CO2 (  800 µatm) while six species were also exposed to moderately low O2 (48 % saturated, or  130 µmol/kg) and a combined treatment of low O2/high CO2. None of the species tested showed a change in metabolic rate in response to high CO2 alone. Of those species tested for an effect of O2, only Limacina retroversa from the Atlantic showed a response to the combined treatment, resulting in a reduction in metabolic rate. Our results suggest that pteropods have mechanisms for coping with short-term CO2 exposure and that there can be interactive effects between stressors on the physiology of these open ocean organisms that correlate with natural exposure to low O2 and high CO2. These are considerations that should be taken into account in projections of organismal sensitivity to future ocean conditions.
    Keywords: Alkalinity, total; Animalia; Aragonite saturation state; Bicarbonate ion; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (〈20 L); Calcite saturation state; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbonate ion; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Cavolinia inflexa; Clio pyramidata; Cuvierina atlantica; Cuvierina pacifica; Diacria trispinosa; Experiment; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Laboratory experiment; Limacina helicina; Limacina retroversa; Mass, standard error; Mollusca; North Atlantic; North Pacific; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Open ocean; Oxygen; Oxygen consumption, per mass; Oxygen consumption, standard error; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Pelagos; pH; Replicates; Respiration; Salinity; Single species; Species, unique identification; Species, unique identification (Semantic URI); Species, unique identification (URI); Styliola subula; Temperate; Temperature, water; Treatment; Type; Wet mass; Zooplankton
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 800 data points
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 2
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    Seawater carbonate chemistry and growth of Atlantic surfclam (Spisula solidissima) in laboratory experiments (2022)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-15
    Description: A dynamic energy budget (DEB) model integrating pCO2 was used to describe ocean acidification (OA) effects on Atlantic surfclam, Spisula solidissima, bioenergetics. Effects of elevated pCO2 on ingestion and somatic maintenance costs were simulated, validated, and adapted in the DEB model based upon growth and biological rates acquired during a 12-week laboratory experiment. Temperature and pCO2 were projected for the next 100 years following the intergovernmental panel on climate change representative concentration pathways scenarios (2.6, 6.0, and 8.5) and used as forcing variables to project surfclam growth and reproduction. End-of-century water warming and acidification conditions resulted in simulated faster growth for young surfclams and more energy allocated to reproduction until the beginning of the 22nd century when a reduction in maximum shell length and energy allocated to reproduction was observed for the RCP 8.5 scenario.
    Keywords: Alkalinity, total; Animalia; Aragonite saturation state; Benthic animals; Benthos; Bicarbonate ion; Calcite saturation state; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbonate ion; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Coast and continental shelf; Containers and aquaria (20-1000 L or 〈 1 m**2); Experiment day; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Growth/Morphology; Height; Laboratory experiment; Length; Mollusca; North Atlantic; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); pH; Replicate; Salinity; Shell, dry mass; Single species; Species, unique identification; Species, unique identification (Semantic URI); Species, unique identification (URI); Spisula solidissima; Temperate; Temperature, water; Tissue, dry mass; Type; Width
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 15872 data points
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 3
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    Inorganic carbon outwelling from mangroves and saltmarshes drives coastal acidification (2022)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-23
    Description: Concentrations of alkalinity (TA) and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in porewater as well as in surface water measured during timeseries (fixed location) and spatial surveys (fixed time period) were compiled from 38 mangrove- and 8 saltmarsh-dominated creeks and estuaries. We used data from creeks that were predominantly surrounded by mangrove or saltmarsh vegetation and with minimal confounding factors such as mixed vegetation or large catchments. These creeks were located in either pristine or anthropologically impacted estuaries or coastal areas. Anthropologically impacted areas were defined as areas that were affected by nearby urban or agricultural activities, potentially delivering pollutants, e.g., sewage or fertilizers, to creeks. We also included pristine mangrove- and saltmarsh dominated estuaries. When available, environmental parameters were also recorded, i.e., season, salinity, temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), water level, porewater tracer radon (222Rn), partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), particulate organic carbon (POC), nitrate and nitrite (NOx), ammonium (NH4), total nitrogen (TN), phosphate (PO4), and total phosphorus (TP). Methods used to determine parameters are explained in each corresponding reference.
    Keywords: Alkalinity; Alkalinity, total; Alkalinity, total/Carbon, inorganic, dissolved ratio; Ammonium; Australia; Australia_M29; Australia_M30; Australia_M31; Australia_M32; Australia_M33; Australia_M34; Australia_M35; Australia_M36; Australia_M37; Australia_M38; blue carbon; Boron hydroxide; Brazil; Brazil_M18; Brazil_M19; Brazil_M20; Brazil_M21; CA_USA_S02; Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbon, organic, dissolved; Carbon, organic, particulate; Carbon dioxide, partial pressure; China; China_M03; China_S06; China_S07; China_S08; Condition; Country; DATE/TIME; Date/Time local; Dissolved inorganic carbon; Ecosystem; Ecuador; Ecuador_M22; Event label; French_Guiana_M17; French Guiana; GA_USA_S04; Identification; India; India_M04; India_M05; India_M06; India_M07; India_M08; India_M09; Japan; Japan_M02; Kenya; Kenya_M23; Kenya_M24; LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; MA_USA_S01; Madagascar; Madagascar_M28; mangroves; Nitrogen, total; Nitrogen oxide; Oxygen, dissolved; Palau; Palau_M15; Palau_M16; Papua_New_Guinea_M25; Papua New Guinea; pH; Philippines; Philippines_M10; Phosphate; Phosphorus, total; Radon-222; Reference/source; Salinity; saltmarshes; Sample type; SC_USA_S03; Season; Site; Spain; Spain_S05; Tanzania; Tanzania_M26; Tanzania_M27; Temperature, water; Thailand; Thailand_M14; USA; USA_M01; Vietnam; Vietnam_M11; Vietnam_M12; Vietnam_M13; Water level; Water sample; WS
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 67107 data points
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 4
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    Seasonal variation in physiology and shell condition of the pteropod Limacina retroversa in the Gulf of Maine relative to life cycle and carbonate chemistry (2020)
    Elsevier
    In:  Progress in Oceanography, 186 . p. 102371.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-08
    Description: Natural cycles in the seawater partial pressure of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the Gulf of Maine, which vary in surface waters from ~250 to 550 µatm seasonally, provide an opportunity to observe how the life cycle and phenology of the shelled pteropod Limacina retroversa responds to changing food, temperature and carbonate chemistry conditions. Distributional, hydrographic, and physiological sampling suggest that pteropod populations are located in the upper portion of the water column (0–150 m) with a maximum abundance above 50 m. Gene expression and shell condition measurements show that the population already experiences biomineralization stress in the winter months when measured aragonite saturation state was at a seasonal low (though slightly oversaturated), reinforcing the usefulness of this organism as a bio-indicator for pelagic ecosystem response to ocean acidification. There appear to be two reproductive events per year with one pulse timed to coincide with the spring bloom, the period with highest respiration rate, fluorescence, and pH, and a second more extended pulse in the late summer and fall when saturation states remain high and fluorescence begins to decline. During the fall there is transcriptomic evidence of lipid storage for overwintering, allowing the second generation to survive the period of low food and aragonite saturation state. Based on these observations we predict that in the future pteropods will likely be most vulnerable to changing CO2 regionally during the fall reproductive event when CO2 concentration already naturally rises and when there is the added stress of generating lipid stores.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1016/j.pocean.2020.102371
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 5
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    Best Practice Data Standards for Discrete Chemical Oceanographic Observations (2022)
    Frontiers
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: Effective data management plays a key role in oceanographic research as cruise-based data, collected from different laboratories and expeditions, are commonly compiled to investigate regional to global oceanographic processes. Here we describe new and updated best practice data standards for discrete chemical oceanographic observations, specifically those dealing with column header abbreviations, quality control flags, missing value indicators, and standardized calculation of certain properties. These data standards have been developed with the goals of improving the current practices of the scientific community and promoting their international usage. These guidelines are intended to standardize data files for data sharing and submission into permanent archives. They will facilitate future quality control and synthesis efforts and lead to better data interpretation. In turn, this will promote research in ocean biogeochemistry, such as studies of carbon cycling and ocean acidification, on regional to global scales. These best practice standards are not mandatory. Agencies, institutes, universities, or research vessels can continue using different data standards if it is important for them to maintain historical consistency. However, it is hoped that they will be adopted as widely as possible to facilitate consistency and to achieve the goals stated above.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 6
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    Automated Spectrophotometric Analyzer for Rapid Single-Point Titration of Seawater Total Alkalinity (2013)
    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-09-12
    Description: Environmental Science & Technology DOI: 10.1021/es402421a
    Print ISSN: 0013-936X
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-5851
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by American Chemical Society (ACS)
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 7
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    Tracing river chemistry in space and time : dissolved inorganic constituents of the Fraser River, Canada (2014)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2013. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Elsevier for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 124 (2014): 283-308, doi:10.1016/j.gca.2013.09.006.
    Description: The Fraser River basin in southwestern Canada bears unique geologic and climatic features which make it an ideal setting for investigating the origins, transformations and delivery to the coast of dissolved riverine loads under relatively pristine conditions. We present results from sampling campaigns over three years which demonstrate the lithologic and hydrologic controls on fluxes and isotope compositions of major dissolved inorganic runoff constituents (dissolved nutrients, major and trace elements, 87Sr/86Sr, δD). A time series record near the Fraser mouth allows us to generate new estimates of discharge-weighted concentrations and fluxes, and an overall chemical weathering rate of 32 t km-2 y-1. The seasonal variations in dissolved inorganic species are driven by changes in hydrology, which vary in timing across the basin. The time series record of dissolved 87Sr/86Sr is of particular interest, as a consistent shift between higher (“more radiogenic”) values during spring and summer and less radiogenic values in fall and winter demonstrates the seasonal variability in source contributions throughout the basin. This seasonal shift is also quite large (0.709 – 0.714), with a discharge-weighted annual average of 0.7120 (2 s.d. = 0.0003). We present a mixing model which predicts the seasonal evolution of dissolved 87Sr/86Sr based on tributary compositions and water discharge. This model highlights the importance of chemical weathering fluxes from the old sedimentary bedrock of headwater drainage regions, despite their relatively small contribution to the total water flux.
    Description: This work was supported by the WHOI Academic Programs Office and MIT PAOC Houghton Fund to BMV, a WHOI Arctic Research Initiative grant to ZAW, NSF-ETBC grant OCE-0851015 to BPE and TIE, and NSF grant EAR-1226818 to BPE.
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Preprint
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/vnd.ms-excel
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    PAPER (OA)
  • 8
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    Surface ocean pCO2 seasonality and sea-air CO2 flux estimates for the North American east coast (2014)
    John Wiley & Sons
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: © The Author(s), 2013. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 118 (2013): 5439–5460, doi:10.1002/jgrc.20369.
    Description: Underway and in situ observations of surface ocean pCO2, combined with satellite data, were used to develop pCO2 regional algorithms to analyze the seasonal and interannual variability of surface ocean pCO2 and sea-air CO2 flux for five physically and biologically distinct regions of the eastern North American continental shelf: the South Atlantic Bight (SAB), the Mid-Atlantic Bight (MAB), the Gulf of Maine (GoM), Nantucket Shoals and Georges Bank (NS+GB), and the Scotian Shelf (SS). Temperature and dissolved inorganic carbon variability are the most influential factors driving the seasonality of pCO2. Estimates of the sea-air CO2 flux were derived from the available pCO2 data, as well as from the pCO2 reconstructed by the algorithm. Two different gas exchange parameterizations were used. The SS, GB+NS, MAB, and SAB regions are net sinks of atmospheric CO2 while the GoM is a weak source. The estimates vary depending on the use of surface ocean pCO2 from the data or algorithm, as well as with the use of the two different gas exchange parameterizations. Most of the regional estimates are in general agreement with previous studies when the range of uncertainty and interannual variability are taken into account. According to the algorithm, the average annual uptake of atmospheric CO2 by eastern North American continental shelf waters is found to be between −3.4 and −5.4 Tg C yr−1 (areal average of −0.7 to −1.0 mol CO2 m−2 yr−1) over the period 2003–2010.
    Description: We wish to acknowledge the NASA Ocean Biology and Biogeochemistry program for providing funds for this project.
    Keywords: Coastal carbon ; Sea-air CO2 fluxes ; North American east coast
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Format: application/pdf
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    PAPER (OA)
  • 9
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    Seasonal controls of aragonite saturation states in the Gulf of Maine (2017)
    John Wiley & Sons
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2017. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 122 (2017): 372–389, doi:10.1002/2016JC012373.
    Description: The Gulf of Maine (GoME) is a shelf region especially vulnerable to ocean acidification (OA) due to natural conditions of low pH and aragonite saturation states (Ω-Ar). This study is the first to assess the major oceanic processes controlling seasonal variability of the carbonate system and its linkages with pteropod abundance in Wilkinson Basin in the GoME. Two years of seasonal sampling cruises suggest that water-column carbonate chemistry in the region undergoes a seasonal cycle, wherein the annual cycle of stratification-overturn, primary production, respiration-remineralization and mixing all play important roles, at distinct spatiotemporal scales. Surface production was tightly coupled with remineralization in the benthic nepheloid layer during high production seasons, which results in occasional aragonite undersaturation. From spring to summer, carbonate chemistry in the surface across Wilkinson Basin reflects a transition from a production-respiration balanced system to a net autotropic system. Mean water-column Ω-Ar and abundance of large thecosomatous pteropods show some correlation, although patchiness and discrete cohort reproductive success likely also influence their abundance. Overall, photosynthesis-respiration is the primary driving force controlling Ω-Ar variability during the spring-to-summer transition as well as over the seasonal cycle. However, calcium carbonate (CaCO3) dissolution appears to occur near bottom in fall and winter when bottom water Ω-Ar is generally low but slightly above 1. This is accompanied by a decrease in pteropod abundance that is consistent with previous CaCO3 flux trap measurements. The region might experience persistent subsurface aragonite undersaturation in 30–40 years under continued ocean acidification.
    Description: Coastal Ocean Institute at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution; National Science Foundation Grant Number: (OCE-1316040)
    Description: 2017-07-22
    Keywords: Ocean acidification ; Carbonate chemistry ; Aragonite saturation ; Pteropod ; Gulf of Maine ; Wilkinson Basin
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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    PAPER (OA)
  • 10
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    Ocean and coastal acidification off New England and Nova Scotia (2015)
    The Oceanography Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © The Oceanography Society, 2015. This article is posted here by permission of The Oceanography Society for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Oceanography 28, no. 2 (2015): 182-197, doi:10.5670/oceanog.2015.41.
    Description: New England coastal and adjacent Nova Scotia shelf waters have a reduced buffering capacity because of significant freshwater input, making the region’s waters potentially more vulnerable to coastal acidification. Nutrient loading and heavy precipitation events further acidify the region’s poorly buffered coastal waters. Despite the apparent vulnerability of these waters, and fisheries’ and mariculture’s significant dependence on calcifying species, the community lacks the ability to confidently predict how the region’s ecosystems will respond to continued ocean and coastal acidification. Here, we discuss ocean and coastal acidification processes specific to New England coastal and Nova Scotia shelf waters and review current understanding of the biological consequences most relevant to the region. We also identify key research and monitoring needs to be addressed and highlight existing capacities that should be leveraged to advance a regional understanding of ocean and coastal acidification.
    Description: This project was supported in part by an appointment to the Internship/Research Participation Program at the Office of Water, US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the US Department of Energy and the EPA. JS acknowledges support from NASA grant from NNX14AL84G NASA-CCS.
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Format: application/vnd.ms-excel
    Format: application/pdf
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    PAPER (OA)
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