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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Rohstoffe für die Energieversorgung der Zukunft : Geologie - Märkte - Umwelteinflüsse (2016)
    München : acatech - Deutsche Akademie der Technikwissenschaften e. V.
    Details Availability
    Keywords: Forschungsbericht ; Energieversorgung
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 Online Ressource (202 Seiten, 1,94 MB) , Diagramme
    Edition: Stand November 2015
    Series Statement: Schriftenreihe Energiesysteme der Zukunft
    URL: https://www.leopoldina.org/uploads/tx_leopublication/2016_ESYS_Analyse_Rohstoffe.pdf
    URL: https://www.acatech.de/publikation/rohstoffe-fuer-die-energieversorgung-der-zukunft-geologie-maerkte-umwelteinfluesse/
    Language: German
    Note: Förderkennzeichen BMBF EDZ 2013 , Projektlaufzeit: 04/2013 bis 02/2016 , Literaturverzeichnis: Seite 182-195
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Metal-carbon bonds in enzymes and cofactors : Volume 6 (2009)
    Cambridge : Royal Society of Chemistry
    Details Availability
    Keywords: Coenzymes ; Coenzymes chemistry ; Metalloenzymes ; Multienzyme Complexes chemistry ; Organometallic Compounds chemistry ; Organometallic compounds ; Oxidoreductases chemistry ; Vitamin B 12 chemistry ; Vitamin B12 ; Metallorganische Verbindungen ; Enzym ; Cofaktor
    Description / Table of Contents: This book covers the occurrence of a wide variety of metal-carbon bonds in living organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans, The occurrence of a wide variety of metal-carbon bonds in living organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans, is only recently recognized. Of course, the historical examples are the B12 coenzymes containing cobalt-carbon bonds, but now such bonds are also known for nickel, iron, copper, and other transition metal ions. There is no other comparable book; MILS-6, written by 17 experts, summarizes the most recent insights into this fascinating topic
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: Online-Ressource (488 p)
    Edition: RSC eBook Collection 1968-2009
    ISBN: 1847559336 , 9781847559333
    Series Statement: Metal ions in life sciences 6
    URL: http://www.rsc.org/Publishing/eBooks/2009/9781847559159.asp
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1039/9781847559333
    RVK:
    VH 9750
    Language: English
    Note: Ebook , Chapter 1: ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY OF B12 COENZYMES-- Chapter 2: COBALAMIN- AND CORRINOID-DEPENDENT ENZYMES-- Chapter 3: NICKEL-ALKYL BOND FORMATION IN THE ACTIVE SITE OF METHYL-COENZYME M REDUCTASE-- Chapter 4: NICKEL-CARBON BONDS IN ACETYL-COENZYME A SYNTHASES/CARBON MONOXIDE DEHYDROGENASES-- Chapter 5: STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF [NiFe]-HYDROGENASES-- Chapter 6: CARBON MONOXIDE AND CYANIDE LIGANDS IN THE ACTIVE SITE OF [FeFe]-HYDROGENASES-- Chapter 7: CARBON MONOXIDE AS INTRINSIC LIGAND TO IRON IN THE ACTIVE SITE OF [Fe]-HYDROGENASE-- Chapter 8: THE DUAL ROLE OF HEME AS COFACTOR AND SUBSTRATE IN THE BIOSYNTHESIS OF CARBON MONOXIDE-- Chapter 9: COPPER-CARBON BONDS IN MECHANISTIC AND STRUCTURAL PROBING OF PROTEINS AS WELL AS IN SITUATIONS WHERE COPPER IS A CATALYTIC OR RECEPTOR SITE-- Chapter 10: INTERACTION OF CYANIDE WITH ENZYMES CONTAINING VANADIUM, MANGANESE, NON-HEME IRON, AND ZINC-- Chapter 11: THE REACTION MECHANISM OF THE MOLYBDENUM HYDROXYLASE XANTHINE OXIDOREDUCTASE: EVIDENCE AGAINST THE FORMATION OF INTERMEDIATES HAVING METAL-CARBON BONDS-- Chapter 12: COMPUTATIONAL STUDIES OF BIOORGANOMETALLIC ENZYMES AND COFACTORS.
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Raw Materials for Future Energy Supply (2019)
    Cham : Springer
    Details Availability
    Keywords: Earth sciences ; Renewable energy sources ; Alternate energy sources ; Green energy industries ; Earth Sciences ; Earth sciences ; Renewable energy sources ; Alternate energy sources ; Green energy industries ; Renewable energy resources ; Economic geology ; Geobiology ; Renewable energy resources ; Economic geology ; Geobiology ; Force and energy. ; Materials science. ; Welt ; Rohstoffversorgung ; Natürliche Ressourcen ; Erneuerbare Energien ; Energiewirtschaft ; Energieversorgung ; Rohstoff ; Rohstoffbedarf ; Rohstoffverbrauch ; Energiewende ; Energieversorgung ; Rohstoffbedarf ; Wertstoff ; Strategischer Rohstoff ; Seltenerdmetall ; Erneuerbare Energien ; Kritischer Rohstoff ; Mineralischer Rohstoff
    Description / Table of Contents: This is the first book that analyses the future raw materials supply from the demand side of a society that chiefly relies on renewable energies, which is of great significance for us all. It addresses primary and secondary resources and substitution, not only from technical but also socioeconomic and ethical points of view. The “Energiewende” (Energy Transition) will change our consumption of natural resources significantly. When in future our energy requirements will be covered mostly by wind, solar power and biomass, we will need less coal, oil and natural gas. However, the consumption of minerals, especially metallic resources, will increase to build wind generators, solar panels or energy storage facilities. Besides e.g. copper, nickel or cobalt, rare earth elements and other high-tech elements will be increasingly used. With regard to primary metals, Germany is 100 % import dependent; only secondary material is produced within Germany. Though sufficient geological primary resources exist worldwide, their availability on the market is crucial. The future supply of the market is dependent on the development of prices, the transparency of the market and the question of social and ethical standards in the raw materials industry, as well as the social license to operate, which especially applies to mining. The book offers a valuable resource for everyone interested in the future raw material supply of our way of life, which will involve more and more renewable energies
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXX, 225 p. 53 illus. in color, online resource)
    ISBN: 9783319912295
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91229-5
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91229-5
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-91229-5
    RVK:
    RB 10699
    Language: English
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  • 4
    Book
    Book
    Rohstoffe für die Energieversorgung der Zukunft : Geologie - Märkte - Umwelteinflüsse (2016)
    München : acatech - Deutsche Akademie der Technikwissenschaften e.V.
    Details Availability
    Keywords: Energieversorgung ; Rohstoffversorgung ; Rohstoffmarkt ; Welt ; Energieversorgung ; Rohstoffversorgung ; Rohstoffmarkt ; Welt ; Graue Literatur ; Energieversorgung ; Rohstoff
    Type of Medium: Book
    Pages: 198 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Edition: Stand: November 2015
    ISBN: 398170486X , 9783981704860
    Series Statement: Schriftenreihe Energiesysteme der Zukunft
    URL: http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/867510188.pdf
    URL: http://web.archive.org/web/20170113103454/http://www.acatech.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Baumstruktur_nach_Website/Acatech/root/de/Publikationen/Kooperationspublikationen/ESYS_Analyse_Rohstoffe_fuer_die_Energieversorgung.pdf
    DDC: 333.811
    Language: German
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Molecular Basis of Bacterial Metabolism : 41. Colloquium, 5. -7. April 1990. (2011)
    Berlin, Heidelberg :Springer Berlin / Heidelberg,
    Details
    Keywords: Microbial metabolism-Congresses. ; Electronic books.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (190 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9783642759697
    Series Statement: Colloquium der Gesellschaft Für Biologische Chemie in Mosbach Baden Series ; v.41
    URL: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/geomar/detail.action?docID=6498651
    DDC: 589.90133
    Language: English
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Raw Materials for Future Energy Supply. (2018)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing AG,
    Details
    Keywords: Power resources. ; Electronic books.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (248 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9783319912295
    URL: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/geomar/detail.action?docID=5437408
    Language: English
    Note: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Abbreviations and Units -- Units -- Chemical Element Symbols and Empirical Formulae -- Summary -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Will Raw Materials Ever Be Depleted? -- 1.2 Objectivity in the Discussion -- 1.3 Social Acceptance: A Condition for the Exploitation of Natural Resources -- References -- 2 Fundamentals -- 2.1 Conventional Classification of Natural Resources and Definitions -- 2.2 Reserves, Resources and Geopotential -- 2.3 Critical Raw Materials and Raw Materials of Strategic Economic Importance -- 2.4 Availability of Raw Materials: The Feedback Control Cycle of Raw Materials Supply and Commodity Studies -- 2.4.1 The Feedback Control Cycle of Raw Material Supply -- 2.4.2 Studies on Raw Materials Criticality -- References -- 3 Supply of Raw Materials and Effects of the Global Economy -- 3.1 Primary Exploitation of Raw Materials and Forecasts of Future Availability -- 3.1.1 Production Peak Instead of Static Life Time of Reserves and Resources? -- 3.1.2 Energy and Water Requirements -- 3.2 Price Setting and Market Mechanisms -- 3.3 The Demand-Side -- 3.3.1 General Trends -- 3.3.2 Technological Developments in the Demand-Side -- 3.4 The Supply-Side -- 3.4.1 The Impacts of Geology and Mining Economics on the Supply of Primary Raw Materials -- 3.4.2 Political and Social Impacts on the Supply of Primary Raw Materials -- 3.4.3 Technologies for Exploration and Exploitation of Mineral Resources -- 3.4.4 The Availability of Secondary Resources -- 3.4.5 Development of Technologies for the Recycling of Secondary Materials -- 3.4.6 The Influence of Substitution and Increased Material Efficiency on the Supply of Natural Resources -- References -- 4 Current Status of Natural Resources-An Overview -- 4.1 Supply Situation of Mineral Natural Resources -- 4.1.1 Founding of a German Natural Resource Company?. , 4.1.2 Avoidance Strategies for a Reliable Supply -- 4.1.3 Secondary Resources Increase the Reliability of Supply -- 4.2 Supply Situation of Fossil Energy Fuels -- 4.3 Supply Situation for Biomass -- 4.3.1 Proportion of Bioenergy in Primary Energy Consumption -- 4.3.2 The Balance Sheet for Plant Biomass Production in the Countryside -- 4.3.3 Biomass from Forests and Woodlands -- 4.3.4 Biomass from the Agricultural Industry -- 4.3.5 Lignocellulose -- 4.3.6 Land, Soils, Water, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium -- 4.3.7 Economic Aspects of the Utilization of Biomass -- References -- 5 The Raw Material Requirements for Energy Systems -- 5.1 Demand-Driven Competition of Critical Raw Materials for Energy Technologies -- 5.2 Response Capacity of the Global Raw Material System -- 5.3 Critical Raw Materials for the Energy Transition -- 5.3.1 Raw Material Criticality Studies: Comparison of Meta-studies -- 5.3.2 Comparison of Analyses of Critical Raw Materials Required for the Energy Transition -- 5.4 Author's Assessment of Criticality -- 5.4.1 Raw Materials Derived from Individual Deposits, in Particular the Rare-Earth Elements, and By-Product Elements -- 5.4.2 Phosphorus and the Noble Gas Helium -- 5.4.3 The Metals Lithium and Copper -- References -- 6 Conclusions -- Appendix A -- Par5 -- Appendix B: Examples of Quantification of the Raw Material Requirements for Individual Energy Technologies Based on the Studies by the Wuppertal Institute and JRC-IET [1, 2] -- Par19 -- Appendix C: Lists of the studies that were evaluated by the KRESSE study, Erdmann and Graedel and the UK Energy Research Centre for Their Comparative Analyses -- Index.
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  • 7
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    Structure of a methyl-coenzyme M reductase from Black Sea mats that oxidize methane anaerobically (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 481 (7379). pp. 98-101.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-06-20
    Description: The anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) with sulphate, an area currently generating great interest in microbiology, is accomplished by consortia of methanotrophic archaea (ANME) and sulphate-reducing bacteria1, 2. The enzyme activating methane in methanotrophic archaea has tentatively been identified as a homologue of methyl-coenzyme M reductase (MCR) that catalyses the methane-forming step in methanogenic archaea3, 4. Here we report an X-ray structure of the 280 kDa heterohexameric ANME-1 MCR complex. It was crystallized uniquely from a protein ensemble purified from consortia of microorganisms collected with a submersible from a Black Sea mat catalysing AOM with sulphate4. Crystals grown from the heterogeneous sample diffract to 2.1 Å resolution and consist of a single ANME-1 MCR population, demonstrating the strong selective power of crystallization. The structure revealed ANME-1 MCR in complex with coenzyme M and coenzyme B, indicating the same substrates for MCR from methanotrophic and methanogenic archaea. Differences between the highly similar structures of ANME-1 MCR and methanogenic MCR include a F430 modification, a cysteine-rich patch and an altered post-translational amino acid modification pattern, which may tune the enzymes for their functions in different biological contexts.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1038/nature10663
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  • 8
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    Structure of an F430 Variant from Archaea Associated with Anaerobic Oxidation of Methane (2008)
    American Chemical Society
    In:  Journal of the American Chemical Society, 130 (32). pp. 10758-10767.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-16
    Description: Microbial mats collected at cold methane seeps in the Black Sea carry out anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) to carbon dioxide using sulfate as the electron acceptor. These mats, which predominantly consist of sulfate-reducing bacteria and archaea of the ANME-1 and ANME-2 type, contain large amounts of proteins very similar to methyl-coenzyme M reductase from methanogenic archaea. Mass spectrometry of mat samples revealed the presence of two nickel-containing cofactors in comparable amounts, one with the same mass as coenzyme F430 from methanogens (m/z = 905) and one with a mass that is 46 Da higher (m/z = 951). The two cofactors were isolated and purified, and their constitution and absolute configuration were determined. The cofactor with m/z = 905 was proven to be identical to coenzyme F430 from methanogens. For the m/z = 951 species, high resolution ICP-MS pointed to F430 + CH2S as the molecular formula, and LA-ICP-SF MS finally confirmed the presence of one sulfur atom per nickel. Esterification gave two stereoisomeric pentamethyl esters with m/z = 1021, which could be purified by reverse phase HPLC and were subjected to comprehensive NMR analysis, allowing determination of their constitution and configuration as (172S)−172-methylthio-F430 pentamethyl ester and (172R)−172-methylthio-F430 pentamethyl ester. The corresponding diastereoisomeric pentaacids could also be separated by HPLC and were correlated to the esters via mild hydrolysis of the latter. Equilibration of the pentaacids under acid catalysis showed that the (172S) isomer is the naturally occurring albeit thermodynamically less stable one. The more stable (172R) isomer (80% at equilibrium) is an isolation artifact generated under the acidic conditions necessary for the isolation of the cofactors from the calcium carbonate-encrusted mats.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    DOI: 10.1021/ja802929z
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  • 9
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    The key nickel enzyme of methanogenesis catalyses the anaerobic oxidation of methane (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 465 (7298). pp. 606-608.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-10-07
    Description: Large amounts (estimates range from 70 Tg per year to 300 Tg per year) of the potent greenhouse gas methane are oxidized to carbon dioxide in marine sediments by communities of methanotrophic archaea and sulphate-reducing bacteria1, 2, 3, and thus are prevented from escaping into the atmosphere. Indirect evidence indicates that the anaerobic oxidation of methane might proceed as the reverse of archaeal methanogenesis from carbon dioxide with the nickel-containing methyl-coenzyme M reductase (MCR) as the methane-activating enzyme4, 5. However, experiments showing that MCR can catalyse the endergonic back reaction have been lacking. Here we report that purified MCR from Methanothermobacter marburgensis converts methane into methyl-coenzyme M under equilibrium conditions with apparent Vmax (maximum rate) and Km (Michaelis constant) values consistent with the observed in vivo kinetics of the anaerobic oxidation of methane with sulphate6, 7, 8. This result supports the hypothesis of ‘reverse methanogenesis’4, 9 and is paramount to understanding the still-unknown mechanism of the last step of methanogenesis. The ability of MCR to cleave the particularly strong C–H bond of methane without the involvement of highly reactive oxygen-derived intermediates is directly relevant to catalytic C–H activation, currently an area of great interest in chemistry10, 11, 12, 13.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1038/nature09015
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  • 10
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    Raw materials for future energy supply (2018)
    Springer International
    In:  Springer International, Cham, X, 150 pp. ISBN 978-331991229-5; 978-331991228-8
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-02-08
    Description: This is the first book that analyses the future raw materials supply from the demand side of a society that chiefly relies on renewable energies, which is of great significance for us all. It addresses primary and secondary resources and substitution, not only from technical but also socioeconomic and ethical points of view. The "Energiewende" (Energy Transition) will change our consumption of natural resources significantly. When in future our energy requirements will be covered mostly by wind, solar power and biomass, we will need less coal, oil and natural gas. However, the consumption of minerals, especially metallic resources, will increase to build wind generators, solar panels or energy storage facilities. Besides e.g. copper, nickel or cobalt, rare earth elements and other high-tech elements will be increasingly used. With regard to primary metals, Germany is 100 % import dependent; only secondary material is produced within Germany. Though sufficient geological primary resources exist worldwide, their availability on the market is crucial. The future supply of the market is dependent on the development of prices, the transparency of the market and the question of social and ethical standards in the raw materials industry, as well as the social license to operate, which especially applies to mining. The book offers a valuable resource for everyone interested in the future raw material supply of our way of life, which will involve more and more renewable energies.
    Type: Book , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-91229-5
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