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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 252 (1965), S. 291-296 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Methaemoglobin formation by sulfonamides in a system containing liver homogenates, NADPH and erythrocytes was compared under standardized conditions.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 252 (1965), S. 32-42 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. Rat liver microsomes catalize N4-hydroxylation of sulfanilamide in the presence of NADPH and O2. 2. p-Hydroxylaminobenzenesulfonamide was isolated and identified by means of thin layer chromatography. 3. Human liver microsomes have been found to be equally effective. 4. In concentrations comparable to therapeutic blood levels only p-hydroxylaminobenzenesulfonamide and p-nitrosobenzenesulfonamide produce methaemoglobin. Other possible metabolites including 3-hydroxysulfanilamide were ineffective in these concentrations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 66 (1979), S. 89-94 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Abstract Methanogenic bacteria area diverse group of anaerobic procaryotes that ferment CO2 plus H2 to CH4. Besides their unusual energy metabolism they are unique in that their cell walls do not contain murein, and in that their cell membranes are composed of isoprenoid lipids. Coenzymes occur which are not found in any other living organism. The translation apparatus differs, e.g., in not being affected by antibiotics known to be inhibitors of procaryotic protein synthesis. Most of the methanogens can grow on CO2 as sole carbon source; autotrophic CO2 fixation does not, however, proceed via reactions of the Calvin cycle. Molecular genealogical analysis has revealed that methanogenic bacteria constitute a grouping phylogenetically distinct from most other procaryotes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Considerable behavioral differences were observed during growth of Clostridium kluyveri on ethanol-acetate and on crotonate media. The identity of the crotonate grown Clostridium with the ethanol grown Clostridium kluyveri was therefore established by three characteristic biosynthetic routes: 1. ribose is synthesized from CO2 and acetate via pyruvate, triose phosphate and a non-oxidative pentose phosphate pathway, 2. reduced one-carbon units are formed predominantly from CO2 and not from serine as usual, and 3. glutamate biogenesis follows an atypical stereochemical course.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 120 (1979), S. 73-76 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Ferredoxin ; Clostridium pasteurianum ; Pyruvate synthase ; Iron-sulfur proteins ; Iron metabolism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Clostridium pasteurianum was grown in batch cultures on media with an initial iron concentration of 10 μM. The uptake of iron and the synthesis of ferredoxin was followed. All the iron present in the medium was taken up by the cells before 50% of the final cell density was attained. The bacteria then continued to grow in the complete absence of exogenous iron. Ferredoxin was synthesized during growth until the exogenous iron concentration dropped below 1 μM. During growth in the absence of iron ferredoxin was degraded with the result that at the end of growth the cells did not contain ferredoxin. The specific activity of the iron sulfur protein, pyruvate synthase (E.C. 1.2.7.1), remained constant during growth of C. pasteurianum in the absence of exogenous iron. This finding suggests that ferredoxin was used as an endogenous source of iron for the synthesis of essential iron proteins during periods of iron deprivation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Desulfovibrio ; Chemolithothrophic growth ; H2 oxidation ; Sulfate reduction ; Thiosulfate reduction ; Growth rates ; Growth yields ; Maintenance coefficients ; Y ATP max
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Desulfovibrio vulgaris (Marburg) was grown on H2 plus sulfate and H2 plus thiosulfate as the sole energy sources and acetate plus CO2 as the sole carbon sources. Conditions are described under which the bacteria grew exponentially. Specific growth rates (μ) and molar growth yields (Y) at different pH were determined. μ and Y were found to be strongly dependent on the pH. Highest growth rates and molar growth yields were observed for growth on H2 plus sulfate at pH 6.5 (μ=0.15h-1; Y SO 4 2- =8.3g·mol-1) and for growth on H2 plus thiosulfate at pH 6.8 (μ=0.21h-1; Y S 2O 3 2 =16.9g·mol-1). The growth yields were found to increase with increasing growth rates: plots of 1/Y versus 1/μ were linear. Via extrapolation to infinite growth rates a Y SO4 2- /max of 12.2g·mol-1 and a YS2O 3 2- /max of 33.5g·mol-1 was obtained. The growth yield data are interpred to indicate that dissimilatory sulfate reduction to sulfide is associated with a net synthesis of 1 mol of ATP and that near to 3 mol of ATP are formed during dissimilatory sulfite reduction to sulfide.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 123 (1979), S. 105-107 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Nickel ; Cobalt ; Molybdenum ; Iron ; Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum ; Trace elements
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Growth of Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum on H2 and CO2 as sole energy and carbon sources was found to be dependent on Ni, Co, and Mo. At low concentrations of Ni (〈100 nM), Co (〈10 nM) and Mo (〈10 nM) the amount of cells formed was roughly proportional to the amount of transition metal added to the medium; for the formation of 1 g cells (dry weight) approximately 150 nmol NiCl2, 20 nmol CoCl2 and 20 nmol Na2MoO4 were required. A dependence of growth on Cu, Mn, Zn, Ca, Al, and B could not be demonstrated. Conditions are described under which the bacterium grew exponentially with a doubling time of 1.8 h up to a cell density of 2 g cells (dry weight)/1.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 128 (1980), S. 248-252 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum ; Acetate thiokinase ; Acetate kinase ; Phosphotransacetylase ; Succinate thiokinase ; Adenylate kinase ; Inorganic pyrophosphatase ; Acetate assimilation ; Autotrophic CO2 fixation ; P1, P5-di (adenosine-5) pentaphosphate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum growing on H2 plus CO2 as sole carbon and energy source was found to contain acetate thiokinase (Acetyl CoA synthetase; EC 6.2.1.1): Acetate+ATP+CoA → Acetyl CoA+AMP+PPi. The apparent K m value for acetate was 40 μM. Acetate kinase (EC 2.7.2.1) and phosphotransacetylase (EC 2.3.1.8) could not be detected. The specific activity of acetate thiokinase was high in cells grown with limited H2 and CO2 supply (approximately 100nmol/min · mg protein), it was low in exponentially grown cells (2 nmol/min·mg protein). This corresponded with the finding that cells growing linearly in the presence of acetate assimilated the monocarboxylic acid in high amounts (〉10% of the cell carbon was derived from acetate), whereas exponentially growing cells did not (〈1% of cell carbon was derived from acetate). These latter observations indicated that acetate thiokinase and free acetate are not involved in autotrophic CO2 fixation in M. thermoautotrophicum. The presence and some kinetic properties of succinate thiokinase (EC 6.2.1.5), adenylate kinase (EC 2.7.4.3), and inorganic pyrophosphatase (EC 3.6.1.1.) are also described.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Factors F430 ; Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum ; Nickel ; Tetrapyrrole biosynthesis ; Succinate incorporation ; Methanobacterium bryantii
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Factors F430 from methanogenic bacteria have recently been shown to contain nickel and it has been speculated that they may have a nickel tetrapyrrole structure. This assumption was tested by determining whether succinate is incorporated by growing Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum into three factors F430. Succinate is assimilated by Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum into the amino acids glutamate, arginine and proline and into tetrapyrroles rather than other cell components. It was found that per mol nickel 8–9 mol of succinate were incorporated into the three factors F430 which is the amount predicted for a tetrapyrrole structure. Since the three factors F430 only contained significant amounts of glutamate rather than arginine or proline, the incorporation data suggest that factors F430 are nickel tetrapyrrole compounds. Spectral properties of the three factors F430, apparent molecular weights, and the absence of phosphor in these compounds are also described.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 136 (1983), S. 69-73 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Desulfovibrio vulgaris ; Sodium transport ; Na+/H+ antiport ; Dissimilatory sulfate reduction ; Sulfate transport
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Entry of sodium ions into cells of Desulfovibrio vulgaris was studied. Translocation of Na+ was monitored by following the optical changes associated with shrinkage and swelling of the cells upon exposure to a hyperosmotic solution (200 mM) of sodium acetate or of sodium thiocyanate. By this technique the two solutes were found to equilibrate only after the addition of a protonophore such as carbonylcyanide m-chlorophenyl-hydrazone (CCCP). It was confirmed that acetate permeates electroneutrally as CH3COOH and thiocyanate electrogenically as SCN-. These findings suggest that Na+ is translocated by an electrogenic sodium ion/hydrogen ion antiport mechanism (H+/Na+〉1). Consistent with this interpretation is the observation that the addition of sodium acetate to a cell suspension resulted in the generation of a membrane potential (inside negative) and that of NaCl in an acidification of the external medium.
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