Keywords:
Power resources.
;
Electronic books.
Type of Medium:
Online Resource
Pages:
1 online resource (248 pages)
Edition:
1st ed.
ISBN:
9783319912295
URL:
https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/geomar/detail.action?docID=5437408
Language:
English
Note:
Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Abbreviations and Units -- Units -- Chemical Element Symbols and Empirical Formulae -- Summary -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Will Raw Materials Ever Be Depleted? -- 1.2 Objectivity in the Discussion -- 1.3 Social Acceptance: A Condition for the Exploitation of Natural Resources -- References -- 2 Fundamentals -- 2.1 Conventional Classification of Natural Resources and Definitions -- 2.2 Reserves, Resources and Geopotential -- 2.3 Critical Raw Materials and Raw Materials of Strategic Economic Importance -- 2.4 Availability of Raw Materials: The Feedback Control Cycle of Raw Materials Supply and Commodity Studies -- 2.4.1 The Feedback Control Cycle of Raw Material Supply -- 2.4.2 Studies on Raw Materials Criticality -- References -- 3 Supply of Raw Materials and Effects of the Global Economy -- 3.1 Primary Exploitation of Raw Materials and Forecasts of Future Availability -- 3.1.1 Production Peak Instead of Static Life Time of Reserves and Resources? -- 3.1.2 Energy and Water Requirements -- 3.2 Price Setting and Market Mechanisms -- 3.3 The Demand-Side -- 3.3.1 General Trends -- 3.3.2 Technological Developments in the Demand-Side -- 3.4 The Supply-Side -- 3.4.1 The Impacts of Geology and Mining Economics on the Supply of Primary Raw Materials -- 3.4.2 Political and Social Impacts on the Supply of Primary Raw Materials -- 3.4.3 Technologies for Exploration and Exploitation of Mineral Resources -- 3.4.4 The Availability of Secondary Resources -- 3.4.5 Development of Technologies for the Recycling of Secondary Materials -- 3.4.6 The Influence of Substitution and Increased Material Efficiency on the Supply of Natural Resources -- References -- 4 Current Status of Natural Resources-An Overview -- 4.1 Supply Situation of Mineral Natural Resources -- 4.1.1 Founding of a German Natural Resource Company?.
,
4.1.2 Avoidance Strategies for a Reliable Supply -- 4.1.3 Secondary Resources Increase the Reliability of Supply -- 4.2 Supply Situation of Fossil Energy Fuels -- 4.3 Supply Situation for Biomass -- 4.3.1 Proportion of Bioenergy in Primary Energy Consumption -- 4.3.2 The Balance Sheet for Plant Biomass Production in the Countryside -- 4.3.3 Biomass from Forests and Woodlands -- 4.3.4 Biomass from the Agricultural Industry -- 4.3.5 Lignocellulose -- 4.3.6 Land, Soils, Water, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium -- 4.3.7 Economic Aspects of the Utilization of Biomass -- References -- 5 The Raw Material Requirements for Energy Systems -- 5.1 Demand-Driven Competition of Critical Raw Materials for Energy Technologies -- 5.2 Response Capacity of the Global Raw Material System -- 5.3 Critical Raw Materials for the Energy Transition -- 5.3.1 Raw Material Criticality Studies: Comparison of Meta-studies -- 5.3.2 Comparison of Analyses of Critical Raw Materials Required for the Energy Transition -- 5.4 Author's Assessment of Criticality -- 5.4.1 Raw Materials Derived from Individual Deposits, in Particular the Rare-Earth Elements, and By-Product Elements -- 5.4.2 Phosphorus and the Noble Gas Helium -- 5.4.3 The Metals Lithium and Copper -- References -- 6 Conclusions -- Appendix A -- Par5 -- Appendix B: Examples of Quantification of the Raw Material Requirements for Individual Energy Technologies Based on the Studies by the Wuppertal Institute and JRC-IET [1, 2] -- Par19 -- Appendix C: Lists of the studies that were evaluated by the KRESSE study, Erdmann and Graedel and the UK Energy Research Centre for Their Comparative Analyses -- Index.
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