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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    SODEEP - Study of the development of extreme events over permafrost area : Kurzbericht zu ERA-Net RUS-Verbundprojekt : Laufzeit des Vorhabens: 1.11.2018-31.01.2021 (2021)
    [Geesthacht] : [Helmholtz-Zentrum hereon GmbH]
    Details Availability
    Keywords: Forschungsbericht ; Arktis ; Subarktische Zone ; Klimaänderung ; Dauerfrostboden
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (26 Seiten, 2,41 MB) , Diagramme, Illustrationen
    URL: https://doi.org/10.2314/KXP:1834129877
    DOI: 10.2314/KXP:1834129877
    Language: German
    Note: Literaturverzeichnis: Seite 19-21 , Förderkennzeichen BMBF 01DJ18016A+B , Verbundnummer 01185072 , Unterschiede zwischen dem gedruckten Dokument und der elektronischen Ressource können nicht ausgeschlossen werden
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Verbundvorhaben: Dekadische Klimavorhersage in der westafrikanischen Monsunregion und in der Zyklogeneseregion des tropischen Atlantiks (DEPARTURE) : Verbundschlussbericht : Berichtszeitraum: 01.09.2011-31.08.2015 (2016)
    Würzburg : Universität Würzburg
    Details Availability
    Keywords: Forschungsbericht
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (80 Seiten, 11,13 MB) , Diagramme
    URL: https://edocs.tib.eu/files/e01fb16/872337413.pdf
    URL: https://doi.org/10.2314/GBV:872337413
    DOI: 10.2314/GBV:872337413
    Language: German
    Note: Förderkennzeichen BMBF 01LP1129A-01LP1129F. - Verbund-Nummer 01097948 , Autoren dem Berichtsblatt entnommen , Unterschiede zwischen dem gedruckten Dokument und der elektronischen Ressource können nicht ausgeschlossen werden , Zusammenfassungen in deutscher und englischer Sprache
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Schlussbericht zu ERA-Net: Verbundprojekt: Der Einfluss von extremen Ereignissen auf das marine Ökosystem der Ostsee und des Barentssee (2018)
    Bremerhaven : Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung
    Details Availability
    Keywords: Forschungsbericht ; Meeresökosystem
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (26 Seiten, 2,53 MB) , Diagramme, Illustrationen
    URL: https://doi.org/10.2314/GBV:1042185433
    DOI: 10.2314/GBV:1042185433
    Language: German
    Note: Förderkennzeichen BMBF 01DJ16016. - Verbund-Nummer 01167834 , Autoren dem Berichtsblatt entnommen , Sonstige Körperschaft, die mit dem Werk in Verbindung steht dem Berichtsblatt entnommen , Unterschiede zwischen dem gedruckten Dokument und der elektronischen Ressource können nicht ausgeschlossen werden
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  • 4
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    East Asian summer precipitation in AWI‐CM3: Comparison with observations and CMIP6 models (2023)
    John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. | Chichester, UK
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-11-13
    Description: 〈title xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"〉Abstract〈/title〉〈p xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xml:lang="en"〉Owing to the complicated spatial–temporal characteristics of East Asian precipitation (EAP), climate models have limited skills in simulating the modern Asian climate. This consequently leads to large uncertainties in simulations of the past EAP variation and future projections. Here, we explore the performance of the newly developed Alfred Wegener Institute Climate Model, version 3 (AWI‐CM3) in simulating the climatological summer EAP. To test whether the model's skill depends on its atmosphere resolution, we design two AWI‐CM3 simulations with different horizontal resolutions. The result shows that both simulations have acceptable performance in simulating the summer mean EAP, generally better than the majority of individual models participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). However, for the monthly EAP from June to August, AWI‐CM3 exhibits a decayed skill, which is due to the subseasonal movement of the western Pacific subtropical high bias. The higher‐resolution AWI‐CM3 simulation shows an overall improvement relative to the one performed at a relatively lower resolution in all aspects taken into account regarding the EAP. We conclude that AWI‐CM3 is a suitable tool for exploring the EAP for the observational period. Having verified the model's skill for modern climate, we suggest employing the AWI‐CM3, especially with high atmosphere resolution, both for applications in paleoclimate studies and future projections.〈/p〉
    Description: 〈p xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xml:lang="en"〉This figure shows the skill scores of AWI‐CM3 and CMIP6 models in simulating the climatological summer East Asian precipitation (EAP), which indicates that AWI‐CM3 simulations perform better than most CMIP6 individual models for the summer mean EAP, while AWI‐CM3's skills decay from June to August.〈boxed-text position="anchor" content-type="graphic" id="joc8075-blkfxd-0001" xml:lang="en"〉 〈graphic position="anchor" id="jats-graphic-1" xlink:href="urn:x-wiley:08998418:media:joc8075:joc8075-toc-0001"〉 〈alt-text〉image〈/alt-text〉 〈/graphic〉 〈/boxed-text〉〈/p〉
    Description: National Natural Science Foundation of China http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001809
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Description: Helmholtz Climate Initiative REKLIM
    Description: Helmholtz Program
    Description: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002347
    Description: China Scholarship Council http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004543
    Description: https://opendata.dwd.de/climate_environment/GPCC/html/fulldata-monthly_v2022_doi_download.html
    Description: https://crudata.uea.ac.uk/cru/data/hrg/cru_ts_4.05
    Description: http://aphrodite.st.hirosaki-u.ac.jp/products.html
    Description: https://jra.kishou.go.jp/JRA-55/index_en.html
    Description: https://esgf-node.llnl.gov/search/cmip6
    Keywords: ddc:551.6 ; AWI‐CM3 ; CMIP6 ; East Asia ; summer precipitation
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
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  • 5
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    Simulating the Agulhas system in global ocean models – nesting vs. multi-resolution unstructured meshes (2018)
    Elsevier
    In:  Ocean Modelling, 121 . pp. 117-131.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-02-08
    Description: Highlights: • Comparison of global NEMO and FESOM configurations with emphasis on the Agulhas system. • Both models simulate a reasonable and comparable large-scale circulation. • Both models have individual strengths and weaknesses to match the observations of the WBC system. • The numerical cost of FESOM is twice the one of NEMO. Abstract: Many questions in ocean and climate modelling require the combined use of high resolution, global coverage and multi-decadal integration length. For this combination, even modern resources limit the use of traditional structured-mesh grids. Here we compare two approaches: A high-resolution grid nested into a global model at coarser resolution (NEMO with AGRIF) and an unstructured-mesh grid (FESOM) which allows to variably enhance resolution where desired. The Agulhas system around South Africa is used as a testcase, providing an energetic interplay of a strong western boundary current and mesoscale dynamics. Its open setting into the horizontal and global overturning circulations also requires global coverage. Both model configurations simulate a reasonable large-scale circulation. Distribution and temporal variability of the wind-driven circulation are quite comparable due to the same atmospheric forcing. However, the overturning circulation differs, owing each model's ability to represent formation and spreading of deep water masses. In terms of regional, high-resolution dynamics, all elements of the Agulhas system are well represented. Owing to the strong nonlinearity in the system, Agulhas Current transports of both configurations and in comparison with observations differ in strength and temporal variability. Similar decadal trends in Agulhas Current transport and Agulhas leakage are linked to the trends in wind forcing. Although the number of 3D wet grid points used in FESOM is similar to that in the nested NEMO, FESOM uses about two times the number of CPUs to obtain the same model throughput (in terms of simulated model years per day). This is feasible due to the high scalability of the FESOM code.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ocemod.2017.12.002
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 6
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    Designing variable ocean model resolution based on the observed ocean variability (2016)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    In:  Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 8 (2). pp. 904-916.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: If unstructured meshes are refined to locally represent eddy dynamics in ocean circulation models, a practical question arises on how to vary the resolution and where to deploy the refinement. We propose to use the observed sea surface height variability as the refinement criterion. We explore the utility of this method (i) in a suite of idealized experiments simulating a wind-driven double gyre flow in a stratified circular basin and (ii) in simulations of global ocean circulation performed with FESOM. Two practical approaches of mesh refinement are compared. In the first approach the uniform refinement is confined within the areas where the observed variability exceeds a given threshold. In the second one the refinement varies linearly following the observed variability. The resolution is fixed in time. For the double gyre case it is shown that the variability obtained in a high-resolution reference run can be well captured on variable-resolution meshes if they are refined where the variability is high and additionally upstream the jet separation point. The second approach of mesh refinement proves to be more beneficial in terms of improvement downstream the midlatitude jet. Similarly, in global ocean simulations the mesh refinement based on the observed variability helps the model to simulate high variability at correct locations. The refinement also leads to a reduced bias in the upper-ocean temperature
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1002/2016MS000650
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 7
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    Cyclone Activity in the Arctic From an Ensemble of Regional Climate Models (Arctic CORDEX) (2018)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 123 (5). pp. 2537-2554.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-08
    Description: The ability of state‐of‐the‐art regional climate models to simulate cyclone activity in the Arctic is assessed based on an ensemble of 13 simulations from 11 models from the Arctic‐CORDEX initiative. Some models employ large‐scale spectral nudging techniques. Cyclone characteristics simulated by the ensemble are compared with the results forced by four reanalyses (ERA‐Interim, National Centers for Environmental Prediction‐Climate Forecast System Reanalysis, National Aeronautics and Space Administration‐Modern‐Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications Version 2, and Japan Meteorological Agency‐Japanese 55‐year reanalysis) in winter and summer for 1981–2010 period. In addition, we compare cyclone statistics between ERA‐Interim and the Arctic System Reanalysis reanalyses for 2000–2010. Biases in cyclone frequency, intensity, and size over the Arctic are also quantified. Variations in cyclone frequency across the models are partly attributed to the differences in cyclone frequency over land. The variations across the models are largest for small and shallow cyclones for both seasons. A connection between biases in the zonal wind at 200 hPa and cyclone characteristics is found for both seasons. Most models underestimate zonal wind speed in both seasons, which likely leads to underestimation of cyclone mean depth and deep cyclone frequency in the Arctic. In general, the regional climate models are able to represent the spatial distribution of cyclone characteristics in the Arctic but models that employ large‐scale spectral nudging show a better agreement with ERA‐Interim reanalysis than the rest of the models. Trends also exhibit the benefits of nudging. Models with spectral nudging are able to reproduce the cyclone trends, whereas most of the nonnudged models fail to do so. However, the cyclone characteristics and trends are sensitive to the choice of nudged variables.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1002/2017JD027703
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  • 8
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    Future projections of cyclone activity in the Arctic for the 21st century from regional climate models (Arctic-CORDEX) (2019)
    Elsevier
    In:  Global and Planetary Change, 182 (Article number 103005).
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-08
    Description: Changes in the characteristics of cyclone activity (frequency, depth and size) in the Arctic are analyzed based on simulations with state-of-the-art regional climate models (RCMs) from the Arctic-CORDEX initiative and global climate models (GCMs) from CMIP5 under the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5 scenario. Most of RCMs show an increase of cyclone frequency in winter (DJF) and a decrease in summer (JJA) to the end of the 21st century. However, in one half of the RCMs, cyclones become weaker and substantially smaller in winter and deeper and larger in summer. RCMs as well as GCMs show an increase of cyclone frequency over the Baffin Bay, Barents Sea, north of Greenland, Canadian Archipelago, and a decrease over the Nordic Seas, Kara and Beaufort Seas and over the sub-arctic continental regions in winter. In summer, the models simulate an increase of cyclone frequency over the Central Arctic and Greenland Sea and a decrease over the Norwegian and Kara Seas by the end of the 21st century. The decrease is also found over the high-latitude continental areas, in particular, over east Siberia and Alaska. The sensitivity of the RCMs' projections to the boundary conditions and model physics is estimated. In general, different lateral boundary conditions from the GCMs have larger effects on the simulated RCM projections than the differences in RCMs' setup and/or physics.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    DOI: 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2019.103005
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 9
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    Control variability and internal bore evolution in the Strait of Gibraltar: a 2D two-layer model study (2001)
    Elsevier
    In:  Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 53 . pp. 637-651.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-01-04
    Description: A two-dimensional, high-resolution, non-linear, two-layer, free-surface, boundary-fitted co-ordinate, hydrostatic model was applied to study the time–space variability of hydraulic controls and the development of internal bores in the Strait of Gibraltar. The model predicts the occurrence of four averaged (over a tropical month) controls located to the west of the Spartel Sill, at the Spartel and Camarinal Sills and in the Tarifa Narrows. The last of these controls is apparent in the sense that it consists of discrete fragments alternating with subcritical flow regions. The only control which extends over the whole width of the strait is the control at the Camarinal Sill, but it breaks down during neap tide, too. This control exists concurrently with the control in the Tarifa Narrows for short periods, while for much of the tropical month there is either just one or neither of the controls. The model predicts the development of a hydraulic jump and a jump-drop pair near the Camarinal Sill; the appearance of bulges of Mediterranean water to the east and west of the sill; the large-amplitude and small-amplitude internal bores released from the Camarinal Sill, which travel, respectively, eastward and westward, and their transformation due to radial spreading and dissipative effects. Also presented here are the results illustrating the effects of earth's rotation on the internal bores in the Strait of Gibraltar.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1006/ecss.2000.0706
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  • 10
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    The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation in High‐Resolution Models (2020)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-08
    Description: The Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) represents the zonally integrated stream function of meridional volume transport in the Atlantic Basin. The AMOC plays an important role in transporting heat meridionally in the climate system. Observations suggest a heat transport by the AMOC of 1.3 PW at 26°N—a latitude which is close to where the Atlantic northward heat transport is thought to reach its maximum. This shapes the climate of the North Atlantic region as we know it today. In recent years there has been significant progress both in our ability to observe the AMOC in nature and to simulate it in numerical models. Most previous modeling investigations of the AMOC and its impact on climate have relied on models with horizontal resolution that does not resolve ocean mesoscale eddies and the dynamics of the Gulf Stream/North Atlantic Current system. As a result of recent increases in computing power, models are now being run that are able to represent mesoscale ocean dynamics and the circulation features that rely on them. The aim of this review is to describe new insights into the AMOC provided by high-resolution models. Furthermore, we will describe how high-resolution model simulations can help resolve outstanding challenges in our understanding of the AMOC.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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