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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Interaction between marine benthic bacteria and plastic/compostable carrier bags : settlement, alternation, and declaration processes (2013)
    Kiel
    Details Availability
    Keywords: Hochschulschrift
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (91 Seiten = 11 MB) , Illustrationen, Graphen
    Edition: 2022
    URL: https://oceanrep.geomar.de/29568/
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    KOSMOS 2014 mesocosm study: phytoplankton pigments (2018)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-06
    Keywords: BIOACID; Biological Impacts of Ocean Acidification; Chlorophyll a, Chlorophyta; Chlorophyll a, Chrysophyta; Chlorophyll a, Cryptophyta; Chlorophyll a, Cyanobacteria; Chlorophyll a, Diatoms; Chlorophyll a, Dinoflagellata; Chlorophyll a, Prasinophyta; Chlorophyll a, Prymnesiophyceae; DATE/TIME; Day of experiment; Depth, bottom/max; Depth, top/min; Event label; KOSMOS_2014; KOSMOS_2014_Atlantic-Reference; KOSMOS_2014_Mesocosm-M1; KOSMOS_2014_Mesocosm-M2; KOSMOS_2014_Mesocosm-M3; KOSMOS_2014_Mesocosm-M4; KOSMOS_2014_Mesocosm-M5; KOSMOS_2014_Mesocosm-M7; KOSMOS_2014_Mesocosm-M8; KOSMOS_2014_Mesocosm-M9; MESO; Mesocosm experiment; Mesocosm label; Subtropical North Atlantic; Treatment: partial pressure of carbon dioxide
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 4044 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 3
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    KOSMOS 2014 mesocosm study: chlorophyll a (2018)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-06
    Keywords: BIOACID; Biological Impacts of Ocean Acidification; Chlorophyll a; DATE/TIME; Day of experiment; Depth, bottom/max; Depth, top/min; Event label; KOSMOS_2014; KOSMOS_2014_Atlantic-Reference; KOSMOS_2014_Mesocosm-M1; KOSMOS_2014_Mesocosm-M2; KOSMOS_2014_Mesocosm-M3; KOSMOS_2014_Mesocosm-M4; KOSMOS_2014_Mesocosm-M5; KOSMOS_2014_Mesocosm-M7; KOSMOS_2014_Mesocosm-M8; KOSMOS_2014_Mesocosm-M9; MESO; Mesocosm experiment; Mesocosm label; Subtropical North Atlantic; Treatment: partial pressure of carbon dioxide
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 1853 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 4
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    Seawater carbonate chemistry and environmental data, and nutrients of KOSMOS Bergen 2015 mesocosm study (2021)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-22
    Description: The oceans' uptake of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) decreases seawater pH and alters the inorganic carbon speciation – summarized in the term ocean acidification (OA). Already today, coastal regions experience episodic pH events during which surface layer pH drops below values projected for the surface ocean at the end of the century. Future OA is expected to further enhance the intensity of these coastal extreme pH events. To evaluate the influence of such episodic OA events in coastal regions, we deployed eight pelagic mesocosms for 53 days in Raunefjord, Norway, and enclosed 56–61 m**3 of local seawater containing a natural plankton community under nutrient limited post-bloom conditions. Four mesocosms were enriched with CO2 to simulate extreme pCO2 levels of 1978-2069 μatm while the other four served as untreated controls. Here, we present results from multivariate analyses on OA-induced changes in the phyto-, micro-, and mesozooplankton community structure. Pronounced differences in the plankton community emerged early in the experiment, and were amplified by enhanced top-down control throughout the study period. The plankton groups responding most profoundly to high CO2 conditions were cyanobacteria (negative), chlorophyceae (negative), auto- and heterotrophic microzooplankton (negative), and a variety of mesozooplanktonic taxa, including copepoda (mixed), appendicularia (positive), hydrozoa (positive), fish larvae (positive), and gastropoda (negative). The restructuring of the community coincided with significant changes in the concentration and elemental stoichiometry of particulate organic matter. Results imply that extreme CO2 events can lead to a substantial reorganization of the planktonic food web, affecting multiple trophic levels from phytoplankton to primary and secondary consumers.
    Keywords: Alkalinity, total; Alkalinity, total, standard deviation; Ammonium; Aragonite saturation state; Aragonite saturation state, standard deviation; Bicarbonate ion; Bicarbonate ion, standard deviation; Biogenic silica; Biomass/Abundance/Elemental composition; Calcite saturation state; Calcite saturation state, standard deviation; Calculated using seacarb; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Calculated using seacarb after Orr et al. (2018); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, standard deviation; Carbon, organic, particulate; Carbon, organic, particulate/Nitrogen, organic, particulate ratio; Carbon, organic, particulate/Phosphorus, particulate ratio; Carbon, total, particulate; Carbonate ion; Carbonate ion, standard deviation; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Carbon dioxide, standard deviation; Chlorophyceae indeterminata, biomass as carbon; Chlorophyll a; Chlorophyll a, standard deviation; Chrysophyceae indeterminata, biomass as carbon; Coast and continental shelf; Community composition and diversity; Cryptophyceae indeterminata, biomass as carbon; Cyanophyceae, biomass as carbon; DATE/TIME; Day of experiment; Diatoms indeterminata, biomass as carbon; Dinophyceae indeterminata, biomass as carbon; Entire community; Event label; Field experiment; Fjord; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Fugacity of carbon dioxide in seawater, standard deviation; KOSMOS_2015; KOSMOS_2015_Mesocosm-M1; KOSMOS_2015_Mesocosm-M2; KOSMOS_2015_Mesocosm-M3; KOSMOS_2015_Mesocosm-M4; KOSMOS_2015_Mesocosm-M5; KOSMOS_2015_Mesocosm-M6; KOSMOS_2015_Mesocosm-M7; KOSMOS_2015_Mesocosm-M8; KOSMOS_2015_Mesocosm-M9; KOSMOS Bergen; MESO; Mesocosm experiment; Mesocosm label; Mesocosm or benthocosm; Nitrate; Nitrate and Nitrite; Nitrite; Nitrogen, organic, particulate; Nitrogen, organic, particulate/Phosphorus, organic, particulate ratio; Nitrogen, total, particulate; North Atlantic; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, standard deviation; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Particulate inorganic carbon/particulate organic carbon ratio; Pelagos; pH; pH, standard deviation; Phosphate; Phosphate, total, particulate; Potentiometric titration; Prasinophyceae indeterminata, biomass as carbon; Primary production/Photosynthesis; Prymnesiophyceae indeterminata, biomass as carbon; Ratio; Salinity; Salinity, standard deviation; Silicate; Temperate; Temperature, water; Temperature, water, standard deviation; Type
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 18566 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 5
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    Ocean Acidification-Induced Restructuring of the Plankton Food Web Can Influence the Degradation of Sinking Particles (2018)
    Frontiers
    In:  Frontiers in Marine Science, 5 . Art.Nr. 140.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-02-08
    Description: Ocean acidification (OA) is expected to alter plankton community structure in the future ocean. This, in turn, could change the composition of sinking organic matter and the efficiency of the biological carbon pump. So far, most OA experiments involving entire plankton communities have been conducted in meso- to eutrophic environments. However, recent studies suggest that OA effects may be more pronounced during prolonged periods of nutrient limitation. In this study, we investigated how OA-induced changes in low-nutrient adapted plankton communities of the subtropical North Atlantic Ocean may affect particulate organic matter (POM) standing stocks, POM fluxes, and POM stoichiometry. More specifically, we compared the elemental composition of POM suspended in the water column to the corresponding sinking material collected in sediment traps. Three weeks into the experiment, we simulated a natural upwelling event by adding nutrient-rich deep-water to all mesocosms, which induced a diatom-dominated phytoplankton bloom. Our results show that POM was more efficiently retained in the water column in the highest CO2 treatment levels (〉 800 μatm pCO2) subsequent to this bloom. We further observed significantly lower C:N and C:P ratios in post-bloom sedimented POM in the highest CO2 treatments, suggesting that degradation processes were less pronounced. This trend is most likely explained by differences in micro- and mesozooplankton abundance during the bloom and post-bloom phase. Overall, this study shows that OA can indirectly alter POM fluxes and stoichiometry in subtropical environments through changes in plankton community structure.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: archive
    DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2018.00140
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 6
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    In situ camera observations reveal major role of zooplankton in modulating marine snow formation during an upwelling-induced plankton bloom (2018)
    Elsevier
    In:  Progress in Oceanography, 164 . pp. 75-88.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-02-08
    Description: Particle aggregation and the consequent formation of marine snow alter important properties of biogenic particles (size, sinking rate, degradability), thus playing a key role in controlling the vertical flux of organic matter to the deep ocean. However, there are still large uncertainties about rates and mechanisms of particle aggregation, as well as the role of plankton community structure in modifying biomass transfer from small particles to large fast-sinking aggregates.Here we present data from a high-resolution underwater camera system that we used to observe particle size distributions and formation of marine snow (aggregates 〉0.5 mm) over the course of a 9-week in situ mesocosm experiment in the Eastern Subtropical North Atlantic. After an oligotrophic phase of almost 4 weeks, addition of nutrient-rich deep water (650 m) initiated the development of a pronounced diatom bloom and the subsequent formation of large marine snow aggregates in all 8 mesocosms. We observed a substantial time lag between the peaks of chlorophyll a and marine snow biovolume of 9-12 days, which is much longer than previously reported and indicates a marked temporal decoupling of phytoplankton growth and marine snow formation during our study. Despite this time lag, our observations revealed substantial transfer of biomass from small particle sizes (single phytoplankton cells and chains) to marine snow aggregates of up to 2.5 mm diameter (ESD), with most of the biovolume being contained in the 0.5-1 mm size range. Notably, the abundance and community composition of mesozooplankton had a substantial influence on the temporal development of particle size spectra and formation of marine snow aggregates: While higher copepod abundances were related to reduced aggregate formation and biomass transfer towards larger particle sizes, the presence of appendicularia and doliolids enhanced formation of large marine snow.Furthermore, we combined in situ particle size distributions with measurements of particle sinking velocity to compute instantaneous (potential) vertical mass flux. However, somewhat surprisingly, we did not find a coherent relationship between our computed flux and measured vertical mass flux (collected by sediment traps in 15 m depth). Although the onset of measured vertical flux roughly coincided with the emergence of marine snow, we found substantial variability in mass flux among mesocosms that was not related to marine snow numbers, and was instead presumably driven by zooplankton-mediated alteration of sinking biomass and export of small particles (fecal pellets).Altogether, our findings highlight the role of zooplankton community composition and feeding interactions on particle size spectra and formation of marine snow aggregates, with important implications for our understanding of particle aggregation and vertical flux of organic matter in the ocean.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1016/j.pocean.2018.01.004
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 7
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    Response of subtropical phytoplankton communities to ocean acidification under oligotrophic conditions and during nutrient fertilization (2018)
    Frontiers
    In:  Frontiers in Marine Science, 5 . Art.Nr. 330.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-04-23
    Description: The subtropical oceans are home to the largest phytoplankton biome on the planet. Yet, little is known about potential impacts of ocean acidification (OA) on phytoplankton community composition in the vast oligotrophic ecosystems of the subtropical gyres. To address this question, we conducted an experiment with 9 in situ mesocosms (~35 m3) off the coast of Gran Canaria in the eastern subtropical North Atlantic over a period of 9 weeks. By establishing a gradient of pCO2 ranging from ~350 to 1025 µatm, we simulated carbonate chemistry conditions as projected until the end of the 21st century. Furthermore, we injected nutrient-rich deep water into the mesocosms halfway through the experiment to simulate a natural upwelling event, which regularly leads to patchy nutrient fertilization in the study region. The temporal developments of major taxonomic groups of phytoplankton were analyzed by flow cytometry, pigment composition and microscopy. We observed distinct shifts in phytoplankton community structure in response to high CO2, with markedly different patterns depending on nutrient status of the system. Phytoplankton biomass during the oligotrophic phase was dominated by picocyanobacteria (Synechococcus), which constituted 60-80% of biomass and displayed significantly higher cell abundances at elevated pCO2. The addition of deep water triggered a substantial bloom of large, chain-forming diatoms (mainly Guinardia striata and Leptocylindrus danicus) that dominated the phytoplankton community during the bloom phase (70-80% of biomass) and until the end of the experiment. A CO2 effect on bulk diatom biomass became apparent only in the highest CO2 treatments (〉800 µatm), displaying elevated concentrations especially in the stationary phase after nutrient depletion. Notably, these responses were tightly linked to distinct interspecific shifts within the diatom assemblage, particularly favoring the largest species Guinardia striata. Other taxonomic groups contributed less to total phytoplankton biomass, but also displayed distinct responses to OA treatments. For instance, higher CO2 favored the occurrence of prymnesiophyceae (Phaeocystis globosa) and dictyochophyceae, whereas dinoflagellates were negatively affected by increasing CO2. Altogether, our findings revealed considerable shifts in species composition in response to elevated CO2 and indicated that phytoplankton communities in the subtropical oligotrophic oceans might be profoundly altered by ocean acidification.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: other
    DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2018.00330
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 8
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    Influence of Ocean Acidification and Deep Water Upwelling on Oligotrophic Plankton Communities in the Subtropical North Atlantic: Insights from an In situ Mesocosm Study (2017)
    Frontiers
    In:  Frontiers in Marine Science, 4 . Art.Nr. 85.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-04-23
    Description: Oceanic uptake of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) causes pronounced shifts in marine carbonate chemistry and a decrease in seawater pH. Increasing evidence indicates that these changes—summarized by the term ocean acidification (OA)—can significantly affect marine food webs and biogeochemical cycles. However, current scientific knowledge is largely based on laboratory experiments with single species and artificial boundary conditions, whereas studies of natural plankton communities are still relatively rare. Moreover, the few existing community-level studies were mostly conducted in rather eutrophic environments, while less attention has been paid to oligotrophic systems such as the subtropical ocean gyres. Here we report from a recent in situ mesocosm experiment off the coast of Gran Canaria in the eastern subtropical North Atlantic, where we investigated the influence of OA on the ecology and biogeochemistry of plankton communities in oligotrophic waters under close-to-natural conditions. This paper is the first in this Research Topic of Frontiers in Marine Biogeochemistry and provides (1) a detailed overview of the experimental design and important events during our mesocosm campaign, and (2) first insights into the ecological responses of plankton communities to simulated OA over the course of the 62-day experiment. One particular scientific objective of our mesocosm experiment was to investigate how OA impacts might differ between oligotrophic conditions and phases of high biological productivity, which regularly occur in response to upwelling of nutrient-rich deep water in the study region. Therefore, we specifically developed a deep water collection system that allowed us to obtain ~85 m3 of seawater from ~650 m depth. Thereby, we replaced ~20% of each mesocosm's volume with deep water and successfully simulated a deep water upwelling event that induced a pronounced plankton bloom. Our study revealed significant effects of OA on the entire food web, leading to a restructuring of plankton communities that emerged during the oligotrophic phase, and was further amplified during the bloom that developed in response to deep water addition. Such CO2-related shifts in plankton community composition could have consequences for ecosystem productivity, biomass transfer to higher trophic levels, and biogeochemical element cycling of oligotrophic ocean regions.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2017.00085
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 9
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    Revision of the brachiopod genus Amphithyris (Rhynchonelliformea: Platidiidae) with descriptions of two new species (2014)
    Magnolia Press
    In:  Zootaxa, 3847 (2). p. 221.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-03-05
    Description: The recent brachiopod genus Amphithyris Thomson belongs to the family Platidiidae and to date comprises five species, A. seminula (Philippi, 1836), A. buckmani Thomson, 1918, A. hallettensis Foster, 1974, A. richardsonae Campbell & Fleming, 1981 and A. parva MacKinnon, Hiller, Long & Marshall, 2008. Like other platidiid genera, Amphithyris has a worldwide distribution, but is mainly found in the southern hemisphere, with the exception of A. seminula which occurs in the Mediterranean Sea. This study is the first revision of the genus Amphithyris. We describe two new species, A. cavernicola n. sp. from the Queensland Plateau, Coral Sea, Australia and A. comitodentis n. sp. from deep waters east of the South Island, New Zealand. A. cavernicola n. sp. represents the first record of the genus from Australian waters, whereas A. comitodentis n. sp. is the first species in the genus recorded from the deep sea. Additionally, we identified the type material of A. seminula in the brachiopod collection of the Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin and designated a lectotype for this species. Despite their simple shell morphology and few diagnostic features, we were able to clearly discriminate the (now) seven species by morphological (shell) characters such as absence/presence of a median septum, absence/presence of capillae, shell convexity and/or combinations of these. On the basis of all known records, the present distribution of Amphithyris spp. and a Cretaceous origin of the genus is discussed.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3847.2.3
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 10
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    Microbial colonization and degradation of polyethylene and biodegradable plastic bags in temperate fine-grained organic-rich marine sediments (2016)
    Elsevier
    In:  Marine Pollution Bulletin, 103 (1-2). pp. 168-178.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: Highlights • Polypropylene and biodegradable plastic bags were incubated in marine sediments. • Bacterial colonization was highest on biodegradable plastic bags. • None of the two bag types showed signs of degradation after 98 days. • Marine sediments probably represent a long-term sink for both types of litter. Abstract To date, the longevity of plastic litter at the sea floor is poorly constrained. The present study compares colonization and biodegradation of plastic bags by aerobic and anaerobic benthic microbes in temperate fine-grained organic-rich marine sediments. Samples of polyethylene and biodegradable plastic carrier bags were incubated in natural oxic and anoxic sediments from Eckernförde Bay (Western Baltic Sea) for 98 days. Analyses included (1) microbial colonization rates on the bags, (2) examination of the surface structure, wettability, and chemistry, and (3) mass loss of the samples during incubation. On average, biodegradable plastic bags were colonized five times higher by aerobic and eight times higher by anaerobic microbes than polyethylene bags. Both types of bags showed no sign of biodegradation during this study. Therefore, marine sediment in temperate coastal zones may represent a long-term sink for plastic litter and also supposedly compostable material.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.12.024
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
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