Note: Cover -- Half-title -- Series-title -- Title -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Contributors -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Integrated regional risk assessment and safety management: Challenge from Agenda 21 -- ABSTRACT -- 2.1 INTRODUCTION -- 2.2 REGIONAL SAFETY PLANNING -- 2.2.1 Defining a region -- 2.2.2 Objectives and scope for an IRRASM study -- 2.2.3 Hazard identification -- 2.2.4 A need for prioritization of risks at the regional level -- Van den Brand methodology -- Fuzzy sets approach (ETH Zurich) -- 2.3 ON SOME ORGANIZATIONAL ASPECTS -- 2.4 TECHNIQUES FOR INTERACTIVE DECISION PROCESSES IN IRRASM -- 2.5 THE USE OF DSS FOR INTEGRATED RISK ASSESSMENT STUDIES -- 2.5.1 Decision process and the role of models and tools in IRRASM -- Comment -- 2.5.2 Decision-aiding techniques in use for safety management -- 2.5.3 Overview of decision analysis for IRRASM activities -- 2.5.4 Decision Support Systems and the IRRASM process -- 2.6 THE USE OF GIS TECHNOLOGY FOR IRRASM -- 2.7 THE KOVERS APPROACH -- 2.7.1 KOVERS monographs of dangerous substances -- 2.7.2 KOVERS chemical database -- 2.8 CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- 3 Risk analysis: The unbearable cleverness of bluffing -- ABSTRACT -- 3.1 INTRODUCTION -- 3.2 FOR PRACTICAL PURPOSES... -- 3.3 CLIMATE-CHANGE-IMPACT SCENARIOS: FROM BLUFFING TO METABLUFFING -- 3.4 IN PRAISE OF THEORY AND ROBUST RESULTS -- 3.5 A REALITY CHECK -- 3.6 CONCLUSIONS, OR A TALE ABOUT UNKUNKS, KUNKS, AND SKUNKS -- REFERENCES -- 4 Aspects of uncertainty, reliability, and risk in flood forecasting systems incorporating weather radar -- ABSTRACT -- 4.1 INTRODUCTION -- 4.2 UNCERTAINTY IN FLOOD FORECASTS -- 4.2.1 Introduction -- 4.2.2 Rainfall measurement uncertainty -- Effect of network density -- Effect of rainfall intensity -- 4.2.3 Rainfall forecast uncertainty -- 4.2.4 Flood forecast uncertainty. , 4.3 RELIABILITY AND SYSTEM COMPLEXITY -- 4.3.1 Introduction -- 4.3.2 The RFFS Information Control Algorithm -- 4.3.3 Data loss, system resilience, and profile data -- 4.4 RISK AND ENSEMBLE FORECASTING -- 4.5 CONCLUSION -- Acknowledgments -- REFERENCES -- 5 Probabilistic hydrometeorological forecasting -- ABSTRACT -- 5.1 INTRODUCTION -- 5.1.1 Systems approach to hydrometeorological forecasting -- 5.1.2 Potential benefits of probabilistic forecasts -- 5.2 PROBABILISTIC FORECASTS -- 5.2.1 Probabilistic quantitative precipitation forecast -- 5.2.2 Probabilistic river stage forecast -- 5.3 PRECIPITATION FORECASTING SYSTEM -- 5.3.1 Forecasting methodology -- 5.3.2 Local climatic guidance -- 5.3.3 Forecast verification -- 5.4 STAGE FORECASTING SYSTEM -- 5.4.1 Precipitation forecast processor -- 5.4.2 River forecasting methodology -- 5.4.3 River climatic guidance -- 5.4.4 River forecast verification -- 5.5 FLOOD WARNING DECISION SYSTEM -- 5.6 CLOSURE -- Acknowledgments -- REFERENCES -- 6 Flood risk management: Risk cartography for objective negotiations -- ABSTRACT -- 6.1 INTRODUCTION -- 6.2 DEFINITIONS AND CONCEPTS -- 6.2.1 First step of a risk model -- 6.2.2 New rules for river management -- 6.3 "INONDABILITÉ" METHOD -- 6.3.1 Vulnerability mapping -- 6.3.2 Hazard mapping -- 6.3.3 Synthetic "inondabilité" maps -- 6.4 NECESSITY AND CONSEQUENCES OF AN OBJECTIVE NEGOTIATION -- 6.4.1 What is to be negotiated? -- 6.4.2 What should be the quantitative base of the negotiation? -- 6.5 CONCLUSIONS -- Acknowledgments -- REFERENCES -- 7 Responses to the variability and increasing uncertainty of climate in Australia -- ABSTRACT -- 7.1 VARIABILITY IN AUSTRALIA'S CLIMATE AND HYDROLOGY -- 7.2 CLIMATE CHANGE -- 7.3 URBAN SYSTEMS -- 7.3.1 Meteorological forecasting -- 7.3.2 Selection of climatic time series for planning -- 7.3.3 Capital works rescheduling. , 7.3.4 Water use restrictions -- Types of restriction -- Stochastic analysis -- Economics and social equity of restrictions policies -- Risk trade-offs -- 7.4 IRRIGATION SYSTEMS -- 7.4.1 Overview -- 7.4.2 Stochastic analysis -- 7.4.3 Allocation under conditions of uncertainty -- 7.5 INFRASTRUCTURE ROBUSTNESS -- 7.6 CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- 8 Developing an indicator of a community's disaster risk awareness -- ABSTRACT -- 8.1 INTRODUCTION -- 8.2 THE 1994-95 DROUGHT -- 8.3 MEASURING THE "INVISIBLES" OF SOCIETY -- 8.4 A CONTEXTUAL ANALYSIS OF THE DROUGHT-RELATED SOCIAL MESSAGES OF NEWSPAPER ARTICLES -- 8.5 ANALYSIS OF THE OBSERVED WATER SAVING PHENOMENON: ANOTHER EXAMINATION OF THE WORKING HYPOTHESIS -- 8.6 MODELING THE SPRD-WSP TRANSFORMATION MECHANISM: AN ANALOGY OF THE WATER SAVING ACTION USING THE "TANK" MODEL -- 8.7 CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- 9 Determination of capture zones of wells by Monte Carlo simulation -- ABSTRACT -- 9.1 INTRODUCTION -- 9.2 PROBLEMS ARISING IN THE DETERMINISTIC DETERMINATION OF CAPTURE ZONES -- 9.3 DETERMINATION OF A CAPTURE ZONE BY MONTE CARLO SIMULATION -- 9.4 RESULTS -- 9.5 CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- 10 Controlling three levels of uncertainties for ecological risk models -- ABSTRACT -- 10.1 INTRODUCTION -- 10.2 A NEW ALERT MODEL -- 10.2.1 Selected variables -- 10.2.2 The mathematical model -- 10.2.3 Evaluation of uncertainties -- 10.2.4 Estimation of model parameters -- the Metropolis-Hastings (MH) algorithm -- 10.2.5 Statistical test for selecting a model -- 10.3 CASE STUDY DESCRIPTION -- 10.3.1 The distribution system in the suburb of Paris -- 10.3.2 The database -- 10.4 RESULTS -- 10.5 DISCUSSION -- 10.5.1 Operational results -- 10.5.2 Limits and perspectives -- 10.6 CONCLUSIONS -- Acknowledgments -- REFERENCES -- 11 Stochastic precipitation-runoff modeling for water yield from a semi-arid forested watershed. , ABSTRACT -- 11.1 INTRODUCTION -- 11.2 STUDY SITE CHARACTERISTICS -- 11.3 MODEL DEVELOPMENT -- 11.3.1 Modeling precipitation patterns -- Temporal precipitation patterns -- Spatial precipitation patterns -- 11.3.2 Construction and roles of water yield model components -- Interception -- Evaporation -- Transpiration -- Infiltration -- Snowmelt -- Runoff -- 11.4 ANALYSIS OF RESULTS -- 11.4.1 Results of precipitation modeling -- Temporal analysis of precipitation events -- Spatial analysis of precipitation events -- 11.4.2 Results of water yield modeling -- 11.5 EVALUATING RISK AND RELIABILITY IN WATER YIELD -- 11.6 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS -- Acknowledgments -- REFERENCES -- APPENDIX: NOTATION OF SYMBOLS -- 12 Regional assessment of the impact of climate change on the yield of water supply systems -- ABSTRACT -- 12.1 INTRODUCTION -- 12.2 MODEL TIME-STEP FOR REGIONAL ASSESSMENT -- 12.3 DEVELOPMENT OF REGIONAL HYDROCLIMATOLOGICAL STREAMFLOW MODEL -- 12.3.1 Regional hydroclimatological database -- Streamflow database -- Climate database -- 12.3.2 Regional hydroclimatological regression models of annual streamflow -- Summary of regional hydroclimatological model of annual streamflow -- Model validation -- 12.4 STORAGE-RELIABILITY-RESILIENCE-YIELD RELATIONSHIPS -- 12.5 SENSITIVITY OF WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM BEHAVIOR TO CLIMATE CHANGE -- 12.5.1 Validation of our overall methodology -- 12.5.2 The general sensitivity of water supply yield to changes in climate -- 12.6 CONCLUSIONS -- Acknowledgments -- REFERENCES -- 13 Hydrological risk under nonstationary conditions changing hydroclimatological input -- ABSTRACT -- 13.1 INTRODUCTION -- 13.2 INVESTIGATION OF HISTORICAL SERIES -- 13.3 NONSTATIONARY SCENARIOS -- 13.3.1 Simple alterations -- 13.3.2 Modified time-series models -- 13.3.3 GCM-based scenarios - downscaling -- Stochastic downscaling -- 13.4 HYDROLOGICAL RISKS. , 13.4.1 Changes in precipitation -- 13.4.2 Changes in runoff -- 13.5 AN EXAMPLE OF ECOLOGICAL RISK ANALYSIS -- 13.6 CONCLUSIONS -- Acknowledgments -- REFERENCES -- 14 Fuzzy compromise approach to water resources systems planning under uncertainty -- ABSTRACT -- 14.1 INTRODUCTION -- 14.1.1 Displaced ideals -- 14.1.2 Existing applications using fuzzy ideals -- 14.1.3 Fuzzy arithmetic operations -- 14.2 FUZZY COMPROMISE APPROACH -- 14.2.1 Fuzzy distance metrics -- 14.2.2 Selecting acceptable alternatives -- 14.2.3 Weighted center of gravity measure -- 14.2.4 Fuzzy acceptability measure -- 14.2.5 Comparison of ranking methods -- 14.3 EXAMPLES -- 14.3.1 Tisza River example -- 14.3.2 Yugoslavia (system S2) example -- 14.3.3 Yugoslavia (system S1) example -- 14.4 CONCLUSIONS -- Acknowledgments -- REFERENCES -- 15 System and component uncertainties in water resources -- ABSTRACT -- 15.1 INTRODUCTION -- 15.2 SOURCES OF UNCERTAINTIES -- 15.3 DIFFERENT MEASURES OF UNCERTAINTIES -- 15.4 METHODS FOR UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS -- 15.4.1 First-order variance estimation method -- 15.4.2 Rosenblueth's and similar Point Estimate (PE) methods -- 15.4.3 Integral transformation techniques -- 15.4.4 Monte Carlo simulation -- 15.5 REMARKS ON UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES -- 15.6 ANALYSIS OF RELATIVE CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCERTAINTIES -- 15.7 CONCLUDING REMARKS -- REFERENCES -- 16 Managing water quality under uncertainty: Application of a new stochastic branch and bound method -- ABSTRACT -- 16.1 INTRODUCTION -- 16.2 ELEMENTS OF A WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT MODEL -- 16.3 A PROBABILISTIC WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT MODEL -- 16.3.1 Reliability -- 16.3.2 Reliability under violation length limit -- 16.3.3 Resiliency -- 16.3.4 Vulnerability -- 16.4 THE STOCHASTIC BRANCH AND BOUND METHOD -- 16.4.1 Reliability bounds -- 16.4.2 Resiliency bounds -- 16.4.3 Vulnerability bounds. , 16.4.4 Using multiple scenarios.

Note: Cover -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Preface -- 1. Introduction -- What is this Document for? -- The Water Framework Directive - A Challenge -- 2. How can Models help Implementing the Water Framework Directive? -- Framework for Model Supported Participatory Planning of Measures in Implementing the Water Framework Directive -- The planning process of implementing the Water Framework Directive -- Framework for model supported implementation of the Directive -- Checklist for effective model use -- Iterative process of arriving at the decision -- First Implementation Phase: Assessment of Current Status, Setup of Monitoring Programmes and Evaluation of a Baseline Scenario (Gap Analysis) -- Identification and characterization of water bodies and optimization of the monitoring network -- Joint use of monitoring and modelling -- Identification of pressures and formulation of a Baseline Scenario -- Second Implementation Phase: Support for Design and Setup of Programmes of Measures and of the River Basin Management Plan -- The River Basin Management Plan -- Planning for an uncertain future - scenario definition and model support -- Model supported design of the Programme of Measures -- Third Implementation Phase: Support for Implementing the Programmes of Measures -- Adjustment of River Basin Management Plans -- Operational modelling -- Fourth Implementation Phase: Support for Evaluating the Programmes of Measures and Improvements Achieved -- 3. Modelling - A Primer for Practitioners -- Introduction -- What is a model? -- Specifics of the Modelling Process -Techniques and Tools -- Model selection -- Component models -- Model systems for integrative and multidisciplinary analysis -- Model calibration and validation -- Reliability of Model Results -- Uncertainties in input data and model parameters -- Uncertainties in model structure. , Quantification of uncertainties and how to cope with them -- Quality Assurance -- Synthesis -- 4. The Role of Participation, Social Learning, and Adaptation in Complex Systems -- Paradigms of Adaptive Management and the Role of Participation -- What is Social Learning? -- Role of Models to Support Public Participation -- Rules of Good Practice -- 5. The WISE-RTD Web Portal: Experiences, Guidance and Tools -- Information Sources in Support of Policy Implementation Tasks -- 6. Practical Experiences from Existing Case Studies and Pilot River Basins -- Brief Characterization of the Case Studies -- Example 1: Marne/Seine/Normandie - using Models for the WFD Baseline Scenario -- Baseline scenario rationale -- Application of the Planning Framework (IMA) -- Example 2: Case-Studies for the Witte Nete and Dender Tributaries in the Scheldt Pilot River Basin -- Introduction -- Witte Nete subbasin -- Dender basin -- Example 3: Participatory Integrated Planning (PIP) in the Verbano Case Study -- Introduction -- The steps of the planning framework -- The set of the compromise alternatives -- Final political decision -- Example 4: The Lake Peipsi and its Drainage Basin Case Study -- Introduction -- The steps of the planning framework -- Conclusions -- Example 5: The Spree River Basin Case Study -- Introduction -- The steps of the planning framework -- Final political decision -- The planning framework -- Example 6: The River Möll Study - Integrative River Management in the Alpine Region -- Introduction -- The steps of the planning framework -- Conclusions -- Conclusions - Lessons Learnt from the Case Studies -- Glossary -- References -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Index.

Note: Intro -- Foreword -- Series Editors -- Managing Editor -- Advisory Board -- Contents -- Contributors -- Setting the Stage -- 1 The Upper Vistula Basin-A Geographical Overview -- Abstract -- 1 Location in Europe -- 2 Geographical Diversity of the Upper Vistula Basin -- 3 Tradition and Culture -- 4 Population and Economy-Land Use and Functional Variety -- 5 Hydrological Significance of the Upper Vistula Basin in the Hydrology of Poland -- 6 Final Remarks -- References -- 2 Floods in Mountain Basins -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Physiographic and Meteorological Conditions of Flood Occurrence in the Swiss Alps -- 3 Physiographic and Meteorological Conditions of Flood Occurrence in the Polish Carpathians -- 4 Recent Advances in Flood Research in the Polish Carpathians -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 3 Anatomy of Flood Risk -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Flood Risk and Its Components -- 2.1 Flood Hazard -- 2.2 Exposure to Floods -- 2.3 Vulnerability to Floods -- 3 Changes in Flood Risk -- 3.1 Changes in Hazard -- 3.2 Changes in Exposure -- 3.3 Changes in Vulnerability -- 4 Managing and Reducing Flood Risk -- 5 Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Factors Influencing Flood Risk (80) -- 4 Flood Generation Mechanisms and Changes in Principal Drivers -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Climate Track in Flood Generation -- 3 Flood-Generating Mechanisms-An Overview -- 4 Flood Generating Mechanisms in the Upper Vistula Basin -- 5 Changes in Terrestrial Drivers of Floods -- 5.1 Factors Regulating Flood Runoff -- 5.1.1 Reforestation of Catchments -- 5.1.2 Construction of Dam Reservoirs -- 5.2 Factors Accelerating Flood Runoff -- 5.2.1 Construction of Flood Embankments and Channel Regulation -- 5.2.2 Channel Incision -- 5.2.3 Loss of Channel Storage in the Impounded Reach of the Upper Vistula River. , 5.3 Expansion of Riparian Forests Increasing Large Wood Recruitment to River Channels -- 6 Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 5 Methods to Assess Large Wood Dynamics and the Associated Flood Hazard in Polish Carpathian Watercourses of Different Size -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Field Setting -- 3 Investigations of Large Wood Dynamics in Kamienica Stream -- 3.1 Monitoring of the Recruitment and Transport of Large Wood in a Mountain Stream -- 3.2 Wood Inventory in Kamienica Stream -- 4 Investigations of Large Wood Dynamics in the Czarny Dunajec River -- 4.1 Wood Inventories in a Wide Mountain River -- 4.2 Observations of the Vegetative Regeneration of Living Wood -- 4.3 Tracking Experiment with Radio Transmitter-Tagged Logs -- 4.4 Numerical Modelling of Large Wood Dynamics in Contrasting River Morphologies -- 5 Discussion and Conclusions -- 5.1 Suitability of the Used Methods for Examination of Large Wood Dynamics in the Watercourses -- 5.2 Large Wood Dynamics in the Mountain Stream and the Mountain River -- 5.3 Implication of Large Wood Dynamics in the Mountain Watercourses of Different Size to Flood Hazard -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 6 Large Wood Transport, Deposition and Remobilization during Floods in the Czarny Dunajec River: Outcomes from Numerical Modelling -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Study Site: The Czarny Dunajec River -- 3 Methods -- 4 Results and Discussion -- 4.1 Large Wood Transport -- 4.2 Large Wood Deposition -- 4.3 Large Wood Remobilization -- 4.4 Large Wood Dynamics Under Unsteady Flow Conditions -- 5 Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 7 Modelling Hydraulic Parameters of Flood Flows for a Polish Carpathian River Subjected to Variable Human Impacts -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Study Area -- 3 Study Methods. , 3.1 Estimation of Flood Discharges of Given Recurrence Interval -- 3.2 Field-Derived Data -- 3.3 Hydraulic Modelling and Data Analysis -- 3.4 Analysis of Changes in Channel Conveyance -- 4 Results -- 4.1 Differences in Hydraulic Parameters Between Incised, Channelized and Multi-thread Cross-Sections -- 4.2 Patterns of the Variation in Hydraulic Parameters Among the Cross-Sections at Different Flood Frequencies -- 4.3 Differences Between Initial and Finally Used Roughness Values Indicated by the Calibration of Modelled Water Stages -- 4.4 Changes in the Conveyance of the Channelization Scheme -- 4.5 Development of Natural Levees in Channelized and Unmanaged River Reaches -- 5 Discussion -- 5.1 Hydraulic Conditions in the River Reaches of Different Morphology -- 5.2 Roughness Calibration as a Way to Integrate Various Effects on the Accuracy of Flood-Flow Modelling -- 5.3 Influence of Overbank Deposition on Channel Conveyance -- 6 Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Deciphering Changes in Observation Records -- 8 Observed Changes in Air Temperature and Precipitation and Relationship between them, in the Upper Vistula Basin -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Changes in Air Temperature of the Upper Vistula Basin in the Light of Global Temperature Trends -- 3 Annual, Seasonal and Monthly Air Temperature -- 4 Changes in Precipitation of the Upper Vistula Basin -- 5 Links Between Temperature and Precipitation -- 6 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 9 Change in Atmospheric Circulation Patterns -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Climatology of Circulation Types and Indices -- 3 Relation Between Flood Precipitation and Circulation Patterns -- 4 Variability and Trends in Circulation Types and Indices Impacting the Frequency of Flood Precipitation -- 5 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References. , 10 Climate Reconstruction from Tree-Rings in the Tatra Mountains -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Geographical Setting -- 3 Materials and Methods -- 3.1 Tree-Ring Data -- 3.2 Climatic Data and Growth/Climate Response -- 3.3 The Climate Reconstruction -- 4 The Results and Discussion -- 4.1 The Tree-Ring Width Chronologies -- 4.2 Growth/Climate Response -- 4.3 The Climate Reconstruction -- 5 Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 11 Variability of Flood Frequency and Magnitude During the Late 20th and Early 21st Centuries in the Northern Foreland of the Tatra Mountains -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Study Site and Data Acquisition -- 3 Flood Trend Detection and Attribution -- 3.1 Flood Trend Detection -- 3.2 Flood Trend Attribution -- 4 Results and Discussion -- 4.1 Annual Maximum Discharge -- 4.2 Flood Frequency and Seasonality -- 4.3 Summary of Flood Trends -- 4.4 Potential Drivers of Flood Trends -- 4.4.1 Meteorological Drivers -- 4.4.2 Large-Scale Climate Drivers -- 4.4.3 Other Potential Drivers -- 5 Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 12 Deciphering Flood Event Information from Tree-Ring Data in the Tatra Mountains: Implications for Hazard Assessment -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Fundamentals of Tree-Ring-Based Paleoflood Reconstructions -- 3 Paleoflood Reconstruction in Tatra Mountain Streams Using Tree Rings -- 3.1 Study Site -- 3.2 Temporal Reconstruction of Floods in Tatra Mountain Streams -- 3.3 Scar-Based Peak Discharge Reconstruction in Tatra Mountain Streams -- 4 Implications for Paleoflood Reconstructions in the Tatra Mountains -- 4.1 Climate Triggers and Flood Variability -- 4.2 Implications for Flood Hazard Assessments -- 5 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 13 History of Floods on the Upper Vistula -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 General Information on the Vistula and Its Floods. , 3 Sources of Information on Upper Vistula Floods -- 4 Floods in the Upper Vistula River Basin Until 1972 -- 5 Floods in the Upper Vistula River Basin After 1972 -- 6 Concluding Remarks -- References -- 14 Palaeohydrology of the Upper Vistula River Basin -- Abstract -- 1 History of the Landscape of the Upper Vistula River Basin -- 2 Changes in the Hydrological Regime Since the Late Glacial to the Present -- 3 The Role of Man in Transforming the Hydrological Regime in the Last Two Millennia -- References -- Projections and Adaptation -- 15 Projections of Precipitation in the Northern Foothills of the Tatra Mountains -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Data and Study Site -- 3 Methods -- 3.1 Introduction to Downscaling -- 3.2 Dynamical and Statistical Downscaling -- 3.3 Delta-Change Method -- 4 Results -- 5 Discussion and Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 16 Hydroclimatic Projections for the Upper Vistula Basin -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Projections of Temperature -- 3 Projections of Precipitation -- 4 Projections of Runoff -- 5 Changes in High Flow -- 6 Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 17 Projections of Changes in Flood Hazard in Two Headwater Catchments of the Vistula in the Context of European-Scale Studies -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Review of Large-Scale (Global and European) Flood Hazard Projections -- 3 Flood Hazard Projections for Central Europe -- 4 Interpretation of Differences in Flood-Hazard Projections -- 5 Flood Hazard Detection and Projections for Poland -- 6 Flood Hazard Projections for the Two Headwater Catchments of the Vistula -- 7 Impact on Climate Change Adaptation and Flood Risk Reduction -- 8 Outlook and Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 18 Flood Risk Management in the Upper Vistula Basin in Perspective: Traditional versus Alternative Measures -- Abstract. , 1 Introduction.

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