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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Purification and properties of an extracellular endo-1,4-β-glucanase fromLenzites trabea (1978)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 117 (1978), S. 287-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Lenzites trabea ; Basidiomycete ; Submerged culture ; Cellulase Production ; β-glucosidase ; Endo-1,4-β-glucanase ; Enzyme purification ; Carboxymethyl cellulose ; Xylan
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract An extracellular endo-1,4-β-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.4) has been isolated and purified from the culture solution of the basidiomyceteLenzites trabea grown on glucose and cellulose. Besidesβ-glucosidase activity (EC 3.2.1.21) no evidence for C1-activity (EC 3.2.1.91) in the culture solution was found. The endoglucanase has been purified in a four-step procedure including chromatography on Sepharose 6-B and DEAE-Sephadex A-50, adsorption on hydroxylapatite and gel filtration on Bio-Gel P-100. The enzyme showed maximum activity at pH 4.4 and 70°C. A molecular weight of 29000 Daltons was estimated by calibration on Bio-Gel P-100. The enzyme hydrolyses carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as well as xylan.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00738548
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reduction of α, α'-dibromo ketones by ultrasonically dispersed mercury in protic solvents
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Tetrahedron Letters 19 (1978), S. 1721-1724 
    Details
    ISSN: 0040-4039
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0040-4039(78)80026-4
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Safety and Efficacy of Propofol With EDTA When Used for Sedation of Surgical Intensive Care Unit Patients (2000)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 26 (2000), S. S452 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Key words Propofol ; Disodium edetate ; Critical illness ; Calcium ; Magnesium ; Homeostasis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: To compare propofol with disodium edetate (EDTA) and propofol without EDTA when used for the sedation of critically ill surgical intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Design: Prospective, randomised, multicentre trial. Patients: A total of 122 surgical ICU patients who required intubation and mechanical ventilation. Interventions: Patients were randomised to receive either propofol or propofol plus EDTA (propofol EDTA) by continuous infusion for sedation. Measurements and Results: The addition of EDTA to propofol had no effect on calcium or magnesium homeostasis, renal function, haemodynamic function, or efficacy when used for the sedation of surgical patients in the ICU. The most common adverse events were hypotension, atrial fibrillation, and hypocalcaemia. In this trial, a greater number of serious adverse events and adverse events leading to withdrawal occurred in the propofol group relative to the propofol EDTA group. There was a significantly lower crude mortality rate at 7 and 28 days for the propofol EDTA group compared with the propofol group. There were no statistically significant differences between groups with respect to depth of sedation. Conclusion: The propofol EDTA formulation had no effect on calcium or magnesium homeostasis, renal function, or sedation efficacy compared with propofol alone when used for sedation in critically ill surgical ICU patients. There was a significant decrease in mortality in the propofol EDTA group compared with the propofol group. Further investigations are needed to validate this survival benefit and elucidate a possible mechanism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00003789
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DDT-induced tremor in rats: Effects of pharmacological agents (1985)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 86 (1985), S. 426-431 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: DDT ; Tremor ; Trihexyphenidyl ; 5,5-Diphenylhydantoin ; Pizotifen ; Mephenesin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Rats given a tremorigenic dose of DDT (75 mg/kg, PO) were treated with pharmacological agents either 30 min prior to DDT or 1–2 h prior to testing at the time of peak effect (12 h postdosing). The administration of mephenesin (a centrally acting muscle relaxant) or Dilantin (an anticonvulsant) prior to DDT significantly attenuated tremor. Pretreatment with pizotifen (a serotonergic receptor antagonist) had no significant effect on tremor. Administration of the same agents 1–2 h prior to measurement had minimal effects. Trihexyphenidyl (a muscarinic cholinergic receptor antagonist) exacerbated the tremor produced by DDT. These data suggest that cholinergic neurotransmitter systems may be involved in DDT-induced tremor. That DDT-induced tremor was significantly attenuated by mephenesin and Dilantin is in accord with the conclusion that DDT-induced tremor is a manifestation of repetitive discharge due to interference with ionic conductance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00427903
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacological modification of tremor and enhanced acoustic startle by chlordecone and p,p′-DDT (1987)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 91 (1987), S. 320-325 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Tremor ; Acoustic startle ; Chlordecone ; DDT ; Adrenergic system ; Calcium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Pretreatment of rats with phenoxybenzamine (5 mg/kg; SC), an alpha adrenergic antagonist, decreased the peak tremor power and startle magnitude of rats subsequently given DDT (75 mg/kg; PO) or chlordecone (60 mg/kg; IP), without having a significant effect on control animals. Pretreatment with an intracerebroventricular injection of calcium (3.75 μM in 5 μl NaCl) decreased the peak tremor power due to subsequently administered DDT, while increasing the tremor response in rats later dosed with chlordecone. The effects of phenoxybenzamine are postulated to be due to a blockade of an excitatory influence of the adrenergic system. Calcium may decrease DDT-induced tremor by acting as a neuronal stabilizer. Potentiation of the tremorigenic effect of chlordecone by calcium may be due to increased levels of intracellular calcium, resulting in augmented release of neurotransmitters in chlordecone-exposed animals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00518184
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Purification and properties of an extracellular β-glucosidase from Lenzites trabea (1978)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 5 (1978), S. 29-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary When culturing the cellulolytic-active Basidiomycete and brown-rot fungus Lenzites trabea A-419 in submerged culture with glucose and cellulose as a carbon source, the fungus only excreted β-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.21) and an endo-1,4-β-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.4). No evidence for C1 activity (EC 3.2.1.91) was found in the culture filtrate or in the ultra concentrate. β-Glucosidase could be separated from endoglucanase by chromatography on Sepharose 6-B. Further fractionation of the β-glucosidase on DEAE-Sephadex A-25 resulted in a 525-fold purification. The molecular weight of the isolated β-glucosidase was determined by co-chromatography on Sephadex G-200 to be 320,000 daltons. The enzyme developed maximum activities at pH 4.5 and 75°C. The enzyme does not act on crystalline cellulose or CMC, but it hydrolyzes cellotriose,-tetraose, and-pentaose to cellobiose and glucose. β-glucosidase activity was strongly inhibited by the reaction product, glucose. A Ki value of 2.7×10−3 (M) for noncompetitive inhibition was found.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00515684
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Jack pine (Pinus banksiana) seedling emergence is affected by organic horizon removal, ashes, soil, water and shade (1995)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 82 (1995), S. 147-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: Pinus banksiana ; fire ; seeds ; regeneration ; soil water potential ; light
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The effects of organic horizon removal, ashes, soil water, and shade on jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb) seedling emergence were investigated. For this purpose soil monoliths were taken to the laboratory and received prescribed burning, leading to 100%, 75%, 50%, 25%, and 0% organic horizon removal. One half of each monolith contained ashes generated from burning whereas the other half was kept ash-free. Each half of every monolith was sown with jack pine seeds and the monoliths were then watered under four watering schedules (100%, 75%, 50%, and 25% of the regional average daily June rainfall) or shaded under four shading levels (100%, 75%, 50%, and 25% photosynthetically active radiation). Seedling emergence was most successful under high watering schedules, increased depth of burn, high shading, and without ashes. Ash had an inhibitory effect on seedling emergence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01182828
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Applications of Carbon Nanotubes Become Closer to Reality (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of nanoparticle research 1 (1999), S. 151-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-896X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010027322383
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  • 9
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    Taking action against ocean acidification: A review of management and policy options (2013)
    Springer
    In:  Environmental Management, 52 (4). pp. 761-779.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-09-12
    Description: Ocean acidification has emerged over the last two decades as one of the largest threats to marine organisms and ecosystems. However, most research efforts on ocean acidification have so far neglected management and related policy issues to focus instead on understanding its ecological and biogeochemical implications. This shortfall is addressed here with a systematic, international and critical review of management and policy options. In particular, we investigate the assumption that fighting acidification is mainly, but not only, about reducing CO2 emissions, and explore the leeway that this emerging problem may open in old environmental issues. We review nine types of management responses, initially grouped under four categories: preventing ocean acidification; strengthening ecosystem resilience; adapting human activities; and repairing damages. Connecting and comparing options leads to classifying them, in a qualitative way, according to their potential and feasibility. While reducing CO2 emissions is confirmed as the key action that must be taken against acidification, some of the other options appear to have the potential to buy time, e.g. by relieving the pressure of other stressors, and help marine life face unavoidable acidification. Although the existing legal basis to take action shows few gaps, policy challenges are significant: tackling them will mean succeeding in various areas of environmental management where we failed to a large extent so far.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1007/s00267-013-0132-7
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 10
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    FTY720 (fingolimod) efficacy in an animal model of multiple sclerosis requires astrocyte sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1P1) modulation [Medical Sciences] (2011)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-01-12
    Description: Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), a lysophospholipid, has gained relevance to multiple sclerosis through the discovery of FTY720 (fingolimod), recently approved as an oral treatment for relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis. Its mechanism of action is thought to be immunological through an active phosphorylated metabolite, FTY720-P, that resembles S1P and alters lymphocyte trafficking through receptor subtype S1P1. However, previously reported expression and in vitro studies of S1P receptors suggested that direct CNS effects of FTY720 might theoretically occur through receptor modulation on neurons and glia. To identify CNS cells functionally contributing to FTY720 activity, genetic approaches were combined with cellular and molecular analyses. These studies relied on the functional assessment, based on clinical score, of conditional null mouse mutants lacking S1P1 in CNS cell lineages and challenged by experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis. All conditional null mutants displayed WT lymphocyte trafficking that responded normally to FTY720. In marked contrast, EAE was attenuated and FTY720 efficacy was lost in CNS mutants lacking S1P1 on GFAP-expressing astrocytes but not on neurons. In situ hybridization studies confirmed that astrocyte loss of S1P1 was the key alteration in functionally affected mutants. Reductions in EAE clinical scores were paralleled by reductions in demyelination, axonal loss, and astrogliosis. Receptor rescue and pharmacological experiments supported the loss of S1P1 on astrocytes through functional antagonism by FTY720-P as a primary FTY720 mechanism. These data identify nonimmunological CNS mechanisms of FTY720 efficacy and implicate S1P signaling pathways within the CNS as targets for multiple sclerosis therapies.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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