Note: Cover -- Contents -- Contributors -- Reviewers -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Part 1. Overview -- 1 A History of the Study of Ornithopods: Where Have We Been? Where Are We Now? and Where Are We Going? -- Part 2. New Insights into Hadrosaur Origins -- 2 Iguanodonts from the Wealden of England: Do They Contribute to the Discussion Concerning Hadrosaur Origins? -- 3 Osteology of the Basal Hadrosauroid Equijubus normani (Dinosauria, Ornithopoda) from the Early Cretaceous of China -- 4 Gongpoquansaurus mazongshanensis (Lü, 1997) comb. nov. (Ornithischia: Hadrosauroidea) from the Early Cretaceous of Gansu Province, Northwestern China -- 5 Postcranial Anatomy of a Basal Hadrosauroid (Dinosauria: Ornithopoda) from the Cretaceous (Cenomanian) Woodbine Formation of North Texas -- 6 A Re-evaluation of Purported Hadrosaurid Dinosaur Specimens from the "Middle" Cretaceous of England -- 7 A New Hadrosauroid (Plesiohadros djadokhtaensis) from the Late Cretaceous Djadokhtan Fauna of Southern Mongolia -- 8 Hadrosauroid Material from the Santonian Milk River Formation of Southern Alberta, Canada -- Part 3. Hadrosaurid Anatomy and Variation -- 9 New Hadrosaurid (Dinosauria, Ornithopoda) Specimens from the Lower-Middle Campanian Wahweap Formation of Southern Utah -- 10 New Saurolophine Material from the Upper Campanian-Lower Maastrichtian Wapiti Formation, West-Central Alberta -- 11 Variation in the Skull Roof of the Hadrosaur Gryposaurus Illustrated by a New Specimen from the Kaiparowits Formation (late Campanian) of Southern Utah -- 12 A Skull of Prosaurolophus maximus from Southeastern Alberta and the Spatiotemporal Distribution of Faunal Zones in the Dinosaur Park Formation -- 13 Postcranial Anatomy of Edmontosaurus regalis (Hadrosauridae) from the Horseshoe Canyon Formation, Alberta, Canada. , 14 Cranial Morphology and Variation in Hypacrosaurus stebingeri (Ornithischia: Hadrosauridae) -- Part 4. Biogeography and Biostratigraphy -- 15 An Overview of the Latest Cretaceous Hadrosauroid Record in Europe -- 16 The Hadrosauroid Record in the Maastrichtian of the Eastern Tremp Syncline (Northern Spain) -- 17 Hadrosaurs from the Far East: Historical Perspective and New Amurosaurus Material from Blagoveschensk (Amur Region, Russia) -- 18 South American Hadrosaurs: Considerations on Their Diversity -- 19 The Hadrosaurian Record from Mexico -- 20 Stratigraphic Distribution of Hadrosaurids in the Upper Cretaceous Fruitland, Kirtland, and Ojo Alamo Formations, San Juan Basin, New Mexico -- 21 Relocating the Lost Gryposaurus incurvimanus Holotype Quarry, Dinosaur Provincial Park, Alberta, Canada -- Part 5. Function and Growth -- 22 Comparative Ontogenies (Appendicular Skeleton) for Three Hadrosaurids and a Basal Iguanodontian: Divergent Developmental Pathways in Hadrosaurinae and Lambeosaurinae -- 23 The Size-Frequency Distribution of Hadrosaurs from the Dinosaur Park Formation of Alberta, Canada -- 24 Osteohistology and Occlusal Morphology of Hypacrosaurus stebingeri Teeth throughout Ontogeny with Comments on Wear-Induced Form and Function -- 25 Three-Dimensional Computational Modeling of Pelvic Locomotor Muscle Moment Arms in Edmontosaurus (Dinosauria, Hadrosauridae) and Comparisons with Other Archosaurs -- 26 Duckbills on the Run: The Cursorial Abilities of Hadrosaurs and Implications for Tyrannosaur-Avoidance Strategies -- 27 Duck Soup: The Floating Fates of Hadrosaurs and Ceratopsians at Dinosaur Provincial Park -- 28 Hadrosauroid Jaw Mechanics and the Functional Significance of the Predentary Bone -- Part 6. Preservation, Tracks, and Traces. , 29 Debris Flow Origin of an Unusual Late Cretaceous Hadrosaur Bonebed in the Two Medicine Formation of Western Montana -- 30 Occurrence and Taphonomy of the First Documented Hadrosaurid Bonebed from the Dinosaur Park Formation (Belly River Group, Campanian) at Dinosaur Provincial Park, Alberta, Canada -- 31 Body Size Distribution in a Death Assemblage of a Colossal Hadrosaurid from the Upper Cretaceous of Zhucheng, Shandong Province, China -- 32 First Hadrosaur Trackway from the Upper Cretaceous (Late Campanian) Oldman Formation, Southeastern Alberta -- 33 Paleopathology in Late Cretaceous Hadrosauridae from Alberta, Canada -- 34 A Review of Hadrosaurid Skin Impressions -- 35 Soft-Tissue Structures of the Nasal Vestibular Region of Saurolophine Hadrosaurids (Dinosauria, Ornithopoda) Revealed in a "Mummified" Specimen of Edmontosaurus annectens -- 36 The Role and Biochemistry of Melanin Pigment in the Exceptional Preservation of Hadrosaur Skin -- Afterword -- Subject Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- R -- S -- T -- Locality Index (by country) -- A -- B -- C -- F -- G -- I -- M -- P -- R -- S -- U -- Stratigraphy Index (by country) -- A -- B -- C -- F -- G -- I -- M -- N -- R -- S -- U -- Taxonomic Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- X -- Y -- Z.

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Note: Dateiformat Volltext: PDF, abstracts

Note: Cover -- WASN'T THAT A MIGHTY DAY -- Title -- Copyright -- Dedication -- CONTENTS -- Acknowledgments -- Foreword -- Introduction -- Chapter One NATURAL DISASTERS -- Chapter Two ACCIDENTAL DISASTERS -- Chapter Three INFESTATIONS, PANDEMICS, EPIDEMICS, AND DISEASES -- Chapter Four AFRICAN AMERICAN DISASTER SONGS AND MEMORY -- Notes -- Bibliography -- ABOUT THE AUTHOR.

Note: Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Abbreviations -- Preface to Second Edition -- Acknowledgements -- Section A: Introduction -- A1 Introduction -- Section B: Understanding Plants - Methods in Plant Biology -- B1 Arabidopsis and Other Model Plants -- B2 Methods in Experimental Plant Science -- B3 Studying Plant Evolution and Ecology -- Section C: Plant Cells -- C1 The Plant Cell -- C2 The Cell Wall -- C3 Plastids and Mitochondria -- C4 Membranes -- C5 Nucleus and Genome -- C6 Cell Division -- Section D: Vegetative Anatomy -- D1 Meristems and Primary Tissue -- D2 Roots -- D3 Herbaceous Stems and Primary Growth -- D4 Woody Stems and Secondary Growth -- D5 Leaves -- Section E: Plants, Water and Mineral Nutrition -- E1 Plants and Water -- E2 Water Retention and Stomata -- E3 Movement of Nutrient Ions across Membranes -- E4 Uptake of Mineral Nutrients by Plants -- E5 Functions of Mineral Nutrients -- Section F: Metabolism -- F1 Photosynthetic Pigments and the Nature of Light -- F2 Major Reactions of Photosynthesis -- F3 C3 and C4 Plants and CAM -- F4 Respiration and Carbohydrate Metabolism -- F5 Amino Acid, Lipid, Polysaccharide and Secondary Product Metabolism -- Section G: Reproductive Biology -- G1 The Flower -- G2 Pollen and Ovules -- G3 Breeding Systems -- G4 Self Incompatibility -- G5 Ecology of Flowering and Pollination -- Section H: Seeds and Fruits -- H1 The Seed -- H2 Fruits -- H3 Fruit and Seed Dispersal -- H4 Seed Dormancy -- H5 Regeneration and Establishment -- Section I: Sensing and Responding to the Environment -- I1 Photoperiodism, Photomorphogenesis and Circadian Rhythms -- I2 Tropisms -- I3 Nastic Responses -- I4 Abscission -- I5 Stress Avoidance and Adaptation -- Section J: Growth and Development -- J1 Features of Growth and Development -- J2 Biochemistry of Growth Regulation. , J3 Molecular Action of Plant Hormones and Intracellular Messengers -- J4 Physiology of Floral Initiation and Development -- Section K: Plant Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology -- K1 Plant Breeding -- K2 Plant Cell and Tissue Culture -- K3 Plant Genetic Engineering -- Section L: Plant Ecology -- L1 Ecology of Different Growth Forms -- L2 Physical Factors and Plant Distribution -- L3 Plant Communities -- L4 Populations -- L5 Polymorphisms and Population Genetics -- L6 Contribution to Carbon Balance and Atmosphere -- Section M: Interactions between Plants and Other Organisms -- M1 Mycorrhiza -- M2 Nitrogen Fixation -- M3 Interactions between Plants and Animals -- M4 Fungal Pathogens and Endophytes -- M5 Bacteria, Mycoplasma, Viruses and Heterokonts -- M6 Parasites and Saprophytes -- M7 Carnivorous Plants -- Section N: Human Uses of Plants -- N1 Plants as Food -- N2 Plants for Construction -- N3 Plants in Medicine -- N4 Plants for Other Uses -- N5 Bioremediation -- Section O: Algae and Bryophytes -- O1 The Algae -- O2 The Bryophytes -- O3 Reproduction in Bryophytes -- Section P: Spore-Bearing Vascular Plants -- P1 Early Evolution of Vascular Plants -- P2 Clubmosses and Quillworts -- P3 Horsetails -- P4 Ferns -- Section Q: Seed Plants -- Q1 Early Seed Plants -- Q2 Conifers -- Q3 Cycads, Ginkgo and Gnetopsida -- Q4 Evolution of Flowering Plants -- Q5 General Features of Plant Evolution -- Further Reading -- Index.

Note: Cover -- Half Title -- Series Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Table of Contents -- The Physiology of Fishes: Fifth Edition -- Preface for the Fifth Edition of The Physiology of Fishes -- Contributors -- Chapter 1 Evolution and Phylogeny -- 1.1 General Introduction -- 1.2 Jawless Vertebrates (Agnathans) -- 1.2.1 Order Myxiniformes (Hagfishes) -- 1.2.2 Order Petromyzontiformes (Lampreys) -- 1.3 Superclass Gnathostomata -- 1.4 Class Chondrichthyes (Ratfishes, Sharks, and Rays) -- 1.4.1 Subclass Holocephali (Chimaeras) -- 1.4.2 Subclass Euselachii, Infraclass Elasmobranchii (Neoselachii) -- 1.4.2.1 Division Selachii (Sharks) -- 1.4.2.2 Division Batomorphi (Rays) -- 1.5 Class Osteichthyes (Bony Fishes Including Tetrapods) -- 1.5.1 Subclass Sarcopterygii (Lobe-Finned Fishes and Tetrapods) -- 1.5.2 Subclass Actinopterygii (Ray-Finned Fishes) -- 1.5.2.1 Early-Branching Actinopterygii -- 1.5.2.2 Division Teleostei -- 1.5.2.3 Cohort Elopomorpha (Tarpons, Tenpounders, Bonefishes, Eels) -- 1.5.2.4 Cohort Osteoglossomorpha (Bony-Tongues) -- 1.5.2.5 Cohort Otocephala -- 1.5.2.6 Cohort Euteleostei -- 1.5.2.7 Unranked Clade Neoteleostei -- 1.5.2.8 Unranked Clade Acanthomorpha (Spiny-Rayed Fishes) -- 1.5.2.9 Series Percomorpha -- 1.6 Conclusion -- Literature Cited -- Chapter 2 Locomotion and Biomechanics -- 2.1 History of Fish Locomotion -- 2.1.1 Classification of Swimming -- 2.1.2 Body Caudal Fin Locomotion -- 2.1.3 Median and Paired Fin Locomotion -- 2.1.4 Gait Changes -- 2.2 Complexity of Fish Forces -- 2.2.1 General Biomechanics: Force, Power and Thrust -- 2.2.2 A Little about Muscle: Motor, Spring or Break? -- 2.2.3 Muscle Anatomy -- 2.2.4 Diversity of Fin Anatomy and Structure -- 2.3 Muscle Activity and Neurocontrol -- 2.3.1 Muscle Activity -- 2.3.2 BCF Swimming -- 2.3.3 Labriform Locomotion -- 2.3.4 Unsteady Swimming. , 2.3.5 Escape Response -- 2.3.6 Swimming in Unsteady Flow -- 2.3.7 Neuro Control -- 2.4 Amphibious Locomotion in Fishes -- 2.4.1 Diversity of Terrestrial Locomotion -- 2.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3 Gas Exchange -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 From Environment to Gill Branchial Gas Transfer -- 3.2.1 Ventilation -- 3.2.2 Morphology -- 3.2.3 Diffusion across Membranes -- 3.2.4 The Osmorespiratory Compromise -- 3.3 Circulatory Transport of Respiratory Gases -- 3.3.1 Blood -- 3.3.1.1 Oxygen -- 3.3.1.2 Carbon Dioxide -- 3.3.2 Blood Flow and Perfusion -- 3.4 Diffusion at the Tissue Level -- 3.5 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 4 The Cardiovascular System -- 4.1 General Introduction -- 4.2 General Features of the Fish Cardiovascular System -- 4.2.1 Blood -- 4.2.2 Heart Morphology and Blood Flow Patterns -- 4.2.3 Cardiac Excitation-Contraction Coupling and Cardiovascular Parameters -- 4.2.4 Vasculature -- 4.2.5 Control Systems -- 4.3 Integrative Cardiovascular Function -- 4.3.1 Exercise -- 4.3.2 Digestion -- 4.3.3 High Temperature -- 4.3.4 Low Temperature -- 4.3.5 Limiting Oxygen Levels -- 4.4 Conclusion and Future Cardiovascular Research -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 5 Iono- and Osmoregulation -- 5.1 General Introduction -- 5.2 Evolutionary Strategies -- 5.2.1 Hagfish -- 5.2.2 Lamprey -- 5.2.3 Elasmobranchs -- 5.2.4 Teleosts -- 5.3 Physiology of Iono- and Osmoregulatory Tissues -- 5.3.1 Skin -- 5.3.2 Gills -- 5.3.2.1 Freshwater Fishes -- 5.3.2.2 Marine Fishes -- 5.3.3 Kidney -- 5.3.3.1 Freshwater Fishes -- 5.3.3.2 Marine Fishes -- 5.3.4 Gastrointestinal Tract -- 5.3.4.1 Marine Fishes -- 5.4 Euryhalinity -- 5.4.1 When Does Natural Selection Favour Euryhalinity? -- 5.4.2 Cellular Mechanisms of Osmosensing and Signal Transduction -- 5.5 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 6 The Digestive System. , 6.1 Overview -- 6.2 Primary Function of the Digestive System -- 6.3 Digestive System Morphology -- 6.3.1 Buccal Cavity, Pharynx, and Associated Structures -- 6.3.2 Oesophagus -- 6.3.3 Stomach -- 6.3.4 Intestine -- 6.3.5 Colon and Rectum -- 6.3.6 Associated Organs -- 6.3.7 Microbiome -- 6.4 Future Perspectives -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 7 Thermal Biology -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.1.1 Thermal Strategies -- 7.1.2 Mechanisms of Endothermy in Fishes -- 7.2 Characterizing the Thermal Niche of a Fish -- 7.2.1 Thermal Tolerance -- 7.2.2 Thermal Performance -- 7.2.3 Thermal Compensation -- 7.3 Cellular and Molecular Effects of Temperature -- 7.3.1 Cellular Stress Response -- 7.3.2 Effects on Cellular Metabolism -- 7.3.3 Effects on Membranes -- 7.3.4 Temperature and Oxidative Stress -- 7.4 Effects on Whole-Organism Performance -- 7.4.1 Effects on Metabolism -- 7.4.2 Effects on the Cardiorespiratory System -- 7.4.3 Effects on Swimming Performance and Behaviour -- 7.5 Developmental Plasticity -- 7.5.1 Epigenetic Effects of Temperature -- 7.6 Thermal Adaptation -- 7.6.1 Adaptations to Constant Cold in Antarctic Fishes -- 7.7 Thermal Biology in a Changing World -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 8 Endocrinology: An Evolutionary Perspective on Neuroendocrine Axes in Teleosts -- 8.1 Neuroendocrine Axes in Vertebrates and Special Features in Teleosts -- 8.1.1 Control of Physiological Functions and Life Cycles -- 8.1.2 The Innovation of the Pituitary Gland in Vertebrates -- 8.1.3 Specific Aspects of Pituitary Functional Anatomy in Teleosts -- 8.2 Diversification of Neuroendocrine Actors via Gene Duplications -- 8.2.1 Ancient Origin of the Molecular Families of Neuroendocrine Actors -- 8.2.2 Gene Duplications of Neuroendocrine Actors -- 8.2.3 Vertebrate- and Teleost-Specific Whole-Genome Duplications and Impact on Neuroendocrine Actors. , 8.2.4 Conservation or Loss of Duplicated Paralogs and Species-Specific Diversity of Neuroendocrine Actors -- 8.3 The Thyrotropic Axis and the Control of Development, Metabolism, and Metamorphosis in Teleosts -- 8.3.1 Introduction to the Thyrotropic Axis -- 8.3.2 Specific Features of the Thyrotropic Axis in Teleosts -- 8.3.2.1 Teleost Metamorphosis and Role of the Thyroid Hormones (TH) -- 8.3.2.2 Knowledge Gaps in the Teleost Thyrotropic Axis -- 8.3.2.3 Impact of Gene Duplication, Conservation, or Loss on Teleost Thyrotropic Axis -- 8.4 The Somatotropic Axis and the Control of Growth and Pleiotropic Functions in Teleosts -- 8.4.1 Introduction to the Somatotropic Axis -- 8.4.2 Specific Features of the Somatotropic Axis in Teleosts -- 8.4.2.1 Various Roles in Teleosts -- 8.4.2.2 Multiple Hypophysiotropic Controls Integrated at the Pituitary Somatotroph Level in Teleosts -- 8.4.2.3 Impact of Gene Duplication, Conservation, or Loss on Teleost Somatotropic Axis -- References -- Chapter 9 Reproduction -- 9.1 General Introduction -- 9.2 Neuroendocrinology of Reproduction -- 9.2.1 GnRH -- 9.2.2 Other Neural Factors -- 9.2.2.1 Dopamine -- 9.2.2.2 KiSS -- 9.2.2.3 Additional Factors -- 9.3 Pituitary-Gonadal Axis -- 9.3.1 Steroids and Steroid Receptors -- 9.3.2 Oocyte Development and Maturation -- 9.3.3 Spermatogenesis -- 9.3.4 Sexual Determination and Sexual Differentiation -- 9.4 Environmental Effects on Fish Reproduction -- 9.4.1 Environmental Cues -- 9.4.1.1 Photoperiod -- 9.4.1.2 Temperature -- 9.4.2 Environmental Endocrine Disruption -- 9.5 Conclusion -- Acknowledgement -- References -- Chapter 10 Metabolism -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Levels of Metabolic Rate -- 10.3 Modulators of Metabolic Rate -- 10.3.1 Body Mass -- 10.3.2 Temperature -- 10.3.3 Hypoxia -- 10.4 Variation in Metabolic Rate Among and within Species. , 10.5 Ecological and Evolutionary Relevance of (Varation in) Metabolic Rate -- 10.6 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 11 Hearing -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 How and Why Hearing? -- 11.3 The Importance of Sound to Fishes Today -- 11.4 Primer on Underwater Sound -- 11.4.1 Underwater Sound and Fishes -- 11.5 How Do Fishes Hear? -- 11.5.1 The Inner Ear -- 11.5.2 Response of the Ear to Sound Stimulation -- 11.5.3 Ancillary Structures -- 11.6 Diversity of Fish Ears -- 11.7 What Do Fishses Hear? -- 11.7.1 Other Aspects of Hearing by Fishes -- 11.8 What Don't we Know about Fish Hearing (Future Directions)? -- 11.9 Anthropogenic Sound and Fishes -- References -- Chapter 12 Active Electroreception and Electrocommunication -- 12.1 Introduction to Electroreception and Electrogenesis -- 12.2 Classification of Electric Fishes Based on Electric Signal Type -- 12.3 Electrocommunication -- 12.4 Generalized Anatomy of the Electro-Sensory-Motor Pathways in Gymnotiform Weakly Electric Fishes -- 12.5 Structural Organization and Premotor Neural Regulation of the Pacemaker Nucleus -- 12.6 Endocrine Regulation and Neuromodulation of the Premotor and Motor Brain Centers -- 12.7 Endocrine Regulation of the Peripheral Electric Organ -- 12.8 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 13 Vision -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 The Eye -- 13.2.1 Adnexa -- 13.2.2 Sclera/Cornea -- 13.2.3 Uvea -- 13.2.4 Lens -- 13.2.5 Aqueous and Vitreous Humour -- 13.2.6 Retina -- 13.2.6.1 Rods and Cones -- 13.2.6.2 Light/Dark Adaptation -- 13.2.6.3 Regional Variation in Retinal Structure -- 13.2.6.4 Visual Pigments -- 13.3 Visual Optics -- 13.3.1 Eye Shape -- 13.3.2 Image Formation -- 13.3.2.1 Resting Refractive State and Accommodation -- 13.3.2.2 Amphibious Vision -- 13.3.3 Pupil -- 13.3.4 Tapeta -- 13.3.5 Intraocular Filters -- 13.4 Visual Abilities -- 13.4.1 Absolute Sensitivity. , 13.4.2 Contrast.

Note: Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Table of Contents -- Foreword -- Preface -- The Editor -- Contributors -- 1: Osmoregulation: Some Principles of Water and Solute Transport -- 2: Volume Regulation and Osmosensing in Animal Cells -- 3: The Contractile Vacuole Complex and Cell Volume Control in Protozoa -- 4: Osmotic and Ionic Regulation in Molluscs -- 5: Osmoregulation in Annelids -- 6: Osmotic and Ionic Regulation in Aquatic Arthropods -- 7: Osmotic and Ionic Regulation in Insects -- 8: Osmotic and Ionic Regulation in Fishes -- 9: Osmotic and Ion Regulation in Amphibians -- 10: Osmotic and Ionic Regulation in Reptiles -- 11: Osmotic and Ionic Regulation in Birds -- 12: Osmotic and Ionic Regulation in Mammals -- Index.

Note: Intro -- Preface -- Introduction -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Chapter 1: Warren Lewis: Early Life, Educational Background, and Early Research -- Chapter 2: Margaret Reed: Early Life, Educational Background, and Early Research -- Chapter 3: Early Collaborative Research -- Chapter 4: Move to the Carnegie Institution -- Chapter 5: Research and Family Life in the Early 1920s -- Chapter 6: Research in the Late 1920s -- Chapter 7: Warren´s Research in the 1930s -- Chapter 8: Margaret´s Research in the 1930s -- Chapter 9: Impact, Accolades, and a Cottage in Maine -- Chapter 10: Research After Warren´s ``Retirement´´ -- Chapter 11: Final Years: The End of Research, But Not Honors -- Index.