Note: Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Preface to the First Edition -- Preface to the Second Edition -- Acknowledgements -- Part One Glaciers -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Glacier systems -- 1.1.1 Mass balance -- 1.1.2 Meltwater -- 1.1.3 Glacier motion -- 1.1.4 Glaciers and sea-level change -- 1.1.5 Erosion and debris transport -- 1.1.6 Glacial sediments, landforms and landscapes -- 1.2 Glacier morphology -- 1.2.1 Ice sheets and ice caps -- 1.2.2 Glaciers constrained by topography -- 1.2.3 Ice shelves -- 1.3 Present distribution of glaciers -- 1.3.1 Influence of latitude and altitude -- 1.3.2 Influence of aspect, relief and distance from a moisture source -- 1.4 Past distribution of glaciers -- 1.4.1 'Icehouse' and 'greenhouse' worlds -- 1.4.2 Cenozoic glaciation -- 2 Snow, Ice and Climate -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Surface energy balance -- 2.2.1 Changes of state and temperature -- 2.2.2 Shortwave radiation -- 2.2.3 Longwave radiation -- 2.2.4 Sensible and latent heat: turbulent fluxes -- 2.2.5 Energy supplied by rain -- 2.2.6 Why is glacier ice blue? -- 2.3 Ice temperature -- 2.3.1 The melting point of ice -- 2.3.2 Controls on ice temperature -- 2.3.3 Thermal structure of glaciers and ice sheets -- 2.4 Processes of accumulation and ablation -- 2.4.1 Snow and ice accumulation -- 2.4.2 Transformation of snow to ice -- 2.4.3 Melting of snow and ice -- 2.4.4 Sublimation and evaporation -- 2.4.5 The influence of debris cover -- 2.5 Mass balance -- 2.5.1 Definitions -- 2.5.2 Measurement of mass balance -- 2.5.3 Annual mass balance cycles -- 2.5.4 Mass balance gradients -- 2.5.5 The equilibrium line -- 2.5.6 Glaciation levels or glaciation thresholds -- 2.5.7 Glacier sensitivity to climate change -- 2.6 Glacier-climate interactions -- 2.6.1 Effects of glaciers and ice sheets on the atmosphere -- 2.7 Ice cores. , 2.7.1 Ice coring programmes -- 2.7.2 Stable isotopes -- 2.7.3 Ancient atmospheres: the gas content of glacier ice -- 2.7.4 Solutes and particulates -- 3 Glacier Hydrology -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Basic concepts -- 3.2.1 Water sources and routing -- 3.2.2 Hydraulic potential -- 3.2.3 Resistance to flow -- 3.2.4 Channel wall processes: melting, freezing and ice deformation -- 3.3 Supraglacial and englacial drainage -- 3.3.1 Supraglacial water storage and drainage -- 3.3.2 Englacial drainage -- 3.4 Subglacial drainage -- 3.4.1 Subglacial channels -- 3.4.2 Water films -- 3.4.3 Linked cavity systems -- 3.4.4 Groundwater flow -- 3.4.5 Water at the ice-sediment interface -- 3.5 Glacial hydrological systems -- 3.5.1 Temperate glaciers -- 3.5.2 Polythermal glaciers -- 3.5.3 Modelling glacial hydrological systems -- 3.6 Proglacial runoff -- 3.6.1 Seasonal and shorter-term cycles -- 3.6.2 Runoff and climate change -- 3.7 Glacial lakes and outburst floods -- 3.7.1 Introduction -- 3.7.2 Moraine-dammed lakes -- 3.7.3 Ice-dammed lakes -- 3.7.4 Icelandic subglacial lakes -- 3.7.5 Estimating GLOF magnitudes -- 3.8 Life in glaciers -- 3.8.1 Supraglacial ecosystems -- 3.8.2 Subglacial ecosystems -- 3.9 Glacier hydrochemistry -- 3.9.1 Overview -- 3.9.2 Snow chemistry -- 3.9.3 Chemical weathering processes -- 3.9.4 Subglacial chemical weathering -- 3.9.5 Proglacial environments -- 3.9.6 Rates of chemical erosion -- 4 Processes of Glacier Motion -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Stress and strain -- 4.2.1 Stress -- 4.2.2 Strain -- 4.2.3 Rheology: stress-strain relationships -- 4.2.4 Force balance in glaciers -- 4.3 Deformation of ice -- 4.3.1 Glen's Flow Law -- 4.3.2 Crystal fabric, impurities and water content -- 4.3.3 Ice creep velocities -- 4.4 Sliding -- 4.4.1 Frozen beds -- 4.4.2 Sliding of wet-based ice -- 4.4.3 Glacier-bed friction -- 4.4.4 The role of water. , 4.5 Deformable beds -- 4.5.1 The Boulton-Hindmarsh model -- 4.5.2 Laboratory testing of subglacial tills -- 4.5.3 Direct observations of deformable glacier beds -- 4.5.4 Rheology of subglacial till -- 4.6 Rates of basal motion -- 4.6.1 'Sliding laws' -- 4.6.2 Local and non-local controls on ice velocity -- 4.7 Crevasses and other structures: strain made visible -- 4.7.1 Crevasses -- 4.7.2 Crevasse patterns -- 4.7.3 Layering, foliation and related structures -- 5 Glacier Dynamics -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Understanding glacier dynamics -- 5.2.1 Balance velocities -- 5.2.2 Deviations from the balance velocity -- 5.2.3 Changes in ice thickness: continuity -- 5.2.4 Thermodynamics -- 5.3 Glacier models -- 5.3.1 Overview -- 5.3.2 Equilibrium glacier profiles -- 5.3.3 Time-evolving glacier models -- 5.4 Dynamics of valley glaciers -- 5.4.1 Intra-annual velocity variations -- 5.4.2 Multi-annual variations -- 5.5 Calving glaciers -- 5.5.1 Flow of calving glaciers -- 5.5.2 Calving processes -- 5.5.3 'Calving laws' -- 5.5.4 Advance and retreat of calving glaciers -- 5.6 Ice shelves -- 5.6.1 Mass balance of ice shelves -- 5.6.2 Flow of ice shelves -- 5.6.3 Ice shelf break-up -- 5.7 Glacier surges -- 5.7.1 Overview -- 5.7.2 Distribution of surging glaciers -- 5.7.3 Temperate glacier surges -- 5.7.4 Polythermal surging glaciers -- 5.7.5 Surge mechanisms -- 6 The Greenland and Antarctic Ice Sheets -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 The Greenland Ice Sheet -- 6.2.1 Overview -- 6.2.2 Climate and surface mass balance -- 6.2.3 Ice sheet flow -- 6.2.4 Ice streams and outlet glaciers -- 6.3 The Antarctic Ice Sheet -- 6.3.1 Overview -- 6.3.2 Climate and mass balance -- 6.3.3 Flow of inland ice -- 6.3.4 Ice streams -- 6.3.5 Hydrology and subglacial lakes -- 6.3.6 Ice stream stagnation and reactivation -- 6.3.7 Stability of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet. , 7 Glaciers and Sea-Level Change -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Causes of sea-level change -- 7.2.1 Overview -- 7.2.2 Glacio-eustasy and global ice volume -- 7.2.3 Glacio-isostasy and ice sheet loading -- 7.3 Sea-level change over glacial-interglacial cycles -- 7.3.1 Ice sheet fluctuations and eustatic sea-level change -- 7.3.2 Sea-level histories in glaciated regions -- 7.4 Glaciers and recent sea-level change -- 7.4.1 Recorded sea-level change -- 7.4.2 Global glacier mass balance -- 7.5 Future sea-level change -- 7.5.1 IPCC climate and sea-level projections -- 7.5.2 Predicting the glacial contribution to sea-level change -- Part Two Glaciation -- 8 Erosional Processes, Forms and Landscapes -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Subglacial erosion -- 8.2.1 Rock fracture: general principles -- 8.2.2 Abrasion -- 8.2.3 Quarrying -- 8.2.4 Erosion beneath cold ice -- 8.2.5 Erosion of soft beds -- 8.3 Small-scale erosional forms -- 8.3.1 Striae and polished surfaces -- 8.3.2 Rat tails -- 8.3.3 Chattermarks, gouges and fractures -- 8.3.4 P-forms -- 8.4 Intermediate-scale erosional forms -- 8.4.1 Roches moutonnées -- 8.4.2 Whalebacks and rock drumlins -- 8.4.3 Crag and tails -- 8.4.4 Channels -- 8.5 Large-scale erosional landforms -- 8.5.1 Rock basins and overdeepenings -- 8.5.2 Basins and overdeepenings in soft sediments -- 8.5.3 Troughs and fjords -- 8.5.4 Cirques -- 8.5.5 Strandflats -- 8.6 Landscapes of glacial erosion -- 8.6.1 Areal scouring -- 8.6.2 Selective linear erosion -- 8.6.3 Landscapes of little or no glacial erosion -- 8.6.4 Alpine landscapes -- 8.6.5 Cirque landscapes -- 8.6.6 Continent-scale patterns of erosion -- 9 Debris Entrainment and Transport -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Approaches to the study of glacial sediments -- 9.2.1 The glacial debris cascade -- 9.2.2 Spatial hierarchies of sediments and landforms -- 9.3 Glacial debris entrainment. , 9.3.1 Supraglacial debris entrainment -- 9.3.2 Incorporation of debris into basal ice -- 9.4 Debris transport and release -- 9.4.1 Subglacial transport -- 9.4.2 High-level debris transport -- 9.4.3 Glacifluvial transport -- 9.5 Effects of transport on debris -- 9.5.1 Granulometry -- 9.5.2 Clast morphology -- 9.5.3 Particle micromorphology -- 10 Glacigenic Sediments and Depositional Processes -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Sediment description and classification -- 10.2.1 Sediment description -- 10.2.2 Deformation structures -- 10.2.3 Primary and secondary deposits -- 10.3 Primary glacigenic deposits (till) -- 10.3.1 Overview -- 10.3.2 Processes of subglacial till formation -- 10.3.3 Glacitectonite -- 10.3.4 Subglacial traction till -- 10.4 Glacifluvial deposits -- 10.4.1 Terminology and classification of glacifluvial sediments -- 10.4.2 Plane bed deposits -- 10.4.3 Ripple cross-laminated facies -- 10.4.4 Dunes -- 10.4.5 Antidunes -- 10.4.6 Scour and minor channel fills -- 10.4.7 Gravel sheets -- 10.4.8 Silt and mud drapes -- 10.4.9 Hyperconcentrated flow deposits -- 10.5 Gravitational mass movement deposits and syn-sedimentary deformation structures -- 10.5.1 Overview -- 10.5.2 Fall deposits -- 10.5.3 Slide and slump deposits -- 10.5.4 Debris (sediment-gravity) flow deposits -- 10.5.5 Turbidites -- 10.5.6 Clastic dykes and hydrofracture fills -- 10.6 Glacimarine and glacilacustrine deposits -- 10.6.1 Water body characteristics and sediment influx -- 10.6.2 Depositional processes -- 10.6.3 Varves and other glacilacustrine overflow/interflow deposits -- 10.6.4 Laminated glacimarine sediments -- 10.6.5 Ice-rafted debris and undermelt deposits -- 10.6.6 Iceberg grounding structures and sediments -- 10.6.7 Fossiliferous deposits and biogenic oozes -- 10.7 Winnowing structures (lags, coquinas and boulder pavements) -- 11 Sediment-Landform Associations. , 11.1 Introduction.

Note: Cover -- Title -- Dedication -- Medical liability disclaimer -- Table of contents -- Introduction -- How to use this book -- Chapter 1 It's never been proved that high cholesterol causes heart disease -- Chapter 2 Dietary cholesterol and saturated fat lower the rates of heart disease -- Chapter 3 High cholesterol levels help you live longer -- Chapter 4 What does cause heart disease? -- Chapter 5 Comment by eminent professors and doctors -- Chapter 6 Summary of the evidence -- Appendix 1 Glossary -- Appendix 2 Further resources -- Appendix 3 List of studies -- Index -- Copyright.

Note: Cover -- Contents -- Contributors -- Reviewers -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Part 1. Overview -- 1 A History of the Study of Ornithopods: Where Have We Been? Where Are We Now? and Where Are We Going? -- Part 2. New Insights into Hadrosaur Origins -- 2 Iguanodonts from the Wealden of England: Do They Contribute to the Discussion Concerning Hadrosaur Origins? -- 3 Osteology of the Basal Hadrosauroid Equijubus normani (Dinosauria, Ornithopoda) from the Early Cretaceous of China -- 4 Gongpoquansaurus mazongshanensis (Lü, 1997) comb. nov. (Ornithischia: Hadrosauroidea) from the Early Cretaceous of Gansu Province, Northwestern China -- 5 Postcranial Anatomy of a Basal Hadrosauroid (Dinosauria: Ornithopoda) from the Cretaceous (Cenomanian) Woodbine Formation of North Texas -- 6 A Re-evaluation of Purported Hadrosaurid Dinosaur Specimens from the "Middle" Cretaceous of England -- 7 A New Hadrosauroid (Plesiohadros djadokhtaensis) from the Late Cretaceous Djadokhtan Fauna of Southern Mongolia -- 8 Hadrosauroid Material from the Santonian Milk River Formation of Southern Alberta, Canada -- Part 3. Hadrosaurid Anatomy and Variation -- 9 New Hadrosaurid (Dinosauria, Ornithopoda) Specimens from the Lower-Middle Campanian Wahweap Formation of Southern Utah -- 10 New Saurolophine Material from the Upper Campanian-Lower Maastrichtian Wapiti Formation, West-Central Alberta -- 11 Variation in the Skull Roof of the Hadrosaur Gryposaurus Illustrated by a New Specimen from the Kaiparowits Formation (late Campanian) of Southern Utah -- 12 A Skull of Prosaurolophus maximus from Southeastern Alberta and the Spatiotemporal Distribution of Faunal Zones in the Dinosaur Park Formation -- 13 Postcranial Anatomy of Edmontosaurus regalis (Hadrosauridae) from the Horseshoe Canyon Formation, Alberta, Canada. , 14 Cranial Morphology and Variation in Hypacrosaurus stebingeri (Ornithischia: Hadrosauridae) -- Part 4. Biogeography and Biostratigraphy -- 15 An Overview of the Latest Cretaceous Hadrosauroid Record in Europe -- 16 The Hadrosauroid Record in the Maastrichtian of the Eastern Tremp Syncline (Northern Spain) -- 17 Hadrosaurs from the Far East: Historical Perspective and New Amurosaurus Material from Blagoveschensk (Amur Region, Russia) -- 18 South American Hadrosaurs: Considerations on Their Diversity -- 19 The Hadrosaurian Record from Mexico -- 20 Stratigraphic Distribution of Hadrosaurids in the Upper Cretaceous Fruitland, Kirtland, and Ojo Alamo Formations, San Juan Basin, New Mexico -- 21 Relocating the Lost Gryposaurus incurvimanus Holotype Quarry, Dinosaur Provincial Park, Alberta, Canada -- Part 5. Function and Growth -- 22 Comparative Ontogenies (Appendicular Skeleton) for Three Hadrosaurids and a Basal Iguanodontian: Divergent Developmental Pathways in Hadrosaurinae and Lambeosaurinae -- 23 The Size-Frequency Distribution of Hadrosaurs from the Dinosaur Park Formation of Alberta, Canada -- 24 Osteohistology and Occlusal Morphology of Hypacrosaurus stebingeri Teeth throughout Ontogeny with Comments on Wear-Induced Form and Function -- 25 Three-Dimensional Computational Modeling of Pelvic Locomotor Muscle Moment Arms in Edmontosaurus (Dinosauria, Hadrosauridae) and Comparisons with Other Archosaurs -- 26 Duckbills on the Run: The Cursorial Abilities of Hadrosaurs and Implications for Tyrannosaur-Avoidance Strategies -- 27 Duck Soup: The Floating Fates of Hadrosaurs and Ceratopsians at Dinosaur Provincial Park -- 28 Hadrosauroid Jaw Mechanics and the Functional Significance of the Predentary Bone -- Part 6. Preservation, Tracks, and Traces. , 29 Debris Flow Origin of an Unusual Late Cretaceous Hadrosaur Bonebed in the Two Medicine Formation of Western Montana -- 30 Occurrence and Taphonomy of the First Documented Hadrosaurid Bonebed from the Dinosaur Park Formation (Belly River Group, Campanian) at Dinosaur Provincial Park, Alberta, Canada -- 31 Body Size Distribution in a Death Assemblage of a Colossal Hadrosaurid from the Upper Cretaceous of Zhucheng, Shandong Province, China -- 32 First Hadrosaur Trackway from the Upper Cretaceous (Late Campanian) Oldman Formation, Southeastern Alberta -- 33 Paleopathology in Late Cretaceous Hadrosauridae from Alberta, Canada -- 34 A Review of Hadrosaurid Skin Impressions -- 35 Soft-Tissue Structures of the Nasal Vestibular Region of Saurolophine Hadrosaurids (Dinosauria, Ornithopoda) Revealed in a "Mummified" Specimen of Edmontosaurus annectens -- 36 The Role and Biochemistry of Melanin Pigment in the Exceptional Preservation of Hadrosaur Skin -- Afterword -- Subject Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- R -- S -- T -- Locality Index (by country) -- A -- B -- C -- F -- G -- I -- M -- P -- R -- S -- U -- Stratigraphy Index (by country) -- A -- B -- C -- F -- G -- I -- M -- N -- R -- S -- U -- Taxonomic Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- X -- Y -- Z.

Note: Intro -- Annual Plant Reviews Volume 46 -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- 1 Introduction: Mysteries, Molecules and Mechanisms -- 1.1 Darwin and Margulis revisited -- 1.2 Nuclei-general features -- 1.3 The plant nuclear genome -- 1.3.1 General features -- 1.3.2 Replication of the nuclear genome -- 1.4 DNA inside, ribosomes outside -- 1.5 Concluding comments on the evolution of the nucleus -- References -- 2 The Nuclear Envelope-Structure and Protein Interactions -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Organization and structure of the plant nuclearenvelope -- 2.3 Proteins of the plant nuclear envelope -- 2.3.1 Proteins involved in signalling -- 2.3.2 Proteins of the nuclear pore complex -- 2.3.3 Proteins of the INM -- 2.3.4 Proteins spanning the periplasm and linking the NE membranes -- 2.3.5 The plant lamina -- 2.4 The plant nuclear envelope and the nucleoskeleton -- attachments at the INM -- 2.5 The plant nuclear envelope and the cytoskeleton -- attachments at the ONM -- 2.6 Targeting of proteins to the plant NE -- 2.7 Nuclear envelope protein dynamics in mitosis -- 2.7.1 The role of NPC in regulating NE dynamics in cell division -- 2.7.2 NE protein dynamics in division -- 2.8 The phragmoplast and cell plate and their relationship to the NE -- 2.9 The plant NE in meiosis -- 2.10 Lipid composition of the plant NE and its homeostasis -- 2.10.1 Nuclear-vacuolar junctions and lipid homeostasis -- 2.10.2 NE phospholipid regulation by lipins -- 2.11 The role of plant NE components in stress responses -- 2.11.1 Nuclei repositioning in response to environmental stimuli -- 2.11.2 Functions of the plant NE during viral infection -- 2.12 Concluding remarks -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 3 The Plant Nuclear Pore Complex - The Nucleocytoplasmic Barrierand Beyond -- 3.1 Nuclear pore complex structure -- 3.1.1 Structure of the NPC. , 3.1.2 Molecular composition of the NPC -- 3.1.3 Nucleocytoplasmic trafficking -- 3.1.3.1 Karyopherins and Ran cycle -- 3.1.3.2 Non-karyopherin transport -- 3.1.3.3 Models explaining 'virtual gating' of the NPC -- 3.2 Physiological and developmental roles of plant nuclear pore components -- 3.2.1 Plant-microbe interactions -- 3.2.2 Hormone responses -- 3.2.2.1 Abscisic acid signalling -- 3.2.2.2 Auxin signalling -- 3.2.3 Abiotic stress responses -- 3.2.3.1 Temperature stress -- 3.2.3.2 Salt and osmotic stress -- 3.2.4 Growth and development -- 3.3 The Dynamics of the Nuclear Pore Complex -- 3.3.1 Types of mitosis -- 3.3.2 NPC disassembly and dynamics of animal NPC components -- 3.3.3 Dynamics of fungal NPC components -- 3.3.4 Dynamics of plant NPC components -- 3.4 Conclusions -- References -- 4 Nucleoskeleton in Plants: The Functional Organization of Filaments in the Nucleus -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Intermediate filaments and the nucleoskeleton -- 4.3 Plants do not have intermediate filaments but they may have functional equivalents -- 4.4 Plants can evolve different solutions to the same problem -- 4.5 Intermediate filaments first evolved in the nucleus -- 4.6 Plants require a rigid nuclear boundary -- 4.7 Is there a trans-nuclear envelope complex in plants that links the nucleoskeleton to the cytoskeleton? -- 4.8 Role of the nuclear lamina as part of the nucleoskeleton -- 4.9 Structural evidence for the nucleoskeleton -- 4.10 NuMA in plants -- 4.11 Matrix attachment regions (MARs) and the role of the nucleoskeleton in chromatin organization -- 4.12 Chromocentres and the plant nucleoskeleton -- 4.13 Long coiled-coil proteins in plants and their role in nuclear organization: candidates for plamins and nucleoskeletal proteins? -- 4.14 Actin and microtubules in the nucleus -- 4.15 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References. , 5 Genomics and Chromatin Packaging -- 5.1 Chromatin components and structure in highereukaryotes -- 5.2 Histones and nucleosome fibre -- 5.2.1 Histone variants -- 5.2.2 Histone modifications -- 5.2.3 Nucleosome dynamics -- 5.3 Linker histone and the higher order chromatin-order fibre -- 5.3.1 The elusive higher order chromatin fibre -- 5.4 Chromatin loops and chromosome axis -- 5.5 Conclusions and future prospects -- References -- 6 Heterochromatin Positioning and Nuclear Architecture -- 6.1 Heterochromatin structure -- 6.1.1 Heterochromatic sequences -- 6.1.2 Epigenetic marks -- 6.1.2.1 DNA methylation -- 6.1.2.2 Histone code -- 6.1.2.3 Histone-repressive marks -- 6.1.2.4 Histone-activating marks -- 6.1.2.5 Histone variants -- 6.1.2.6 Non-coding RNA -- 6.1.3 Non-histone protein binding -- 6.1.4 Heterochromatin is an epigenetic state -- 6.2 Heterochromatin organization -- 6.2.1 Heterochromatin and nuclear architecture -- 6.2.1.1 Chromosome territories in Arabidopsis -- 6.2.1.2 Chromocentres and the rosette-loop model of chromatin organization -- 6.2.1.3 Chromatin organization in large genome species -- 6.2.2 Recruitment of heterochromatin at the nuclear periphery -- 6.2.2.1 The central role of lamins in animals -- 6.2.2.2 The inner nuclear membrane and heterochromatin -- 6.2.2.3 Heterochromatin positioning in plants -- 6.2.3 Higher order of chromatin organization -- 6.2.3.1 Boundary elements -- 6.2.3.2 Condensin and cohesin -- 6.2.3.3 Matrix Attachment Regions -- 6.2.3.4 Future prospects in plants -- 6.3 Functional significance of heterochromatin positioning -- 6.3.1 Centric heterochromatin directs chromosome segregation -- 6.3.2 Spatial positioning of heterochromatin affects transcriptional activity -- 6.3.3 Heterochromatin positioning protects against genomeinstability -- 6.4 Perspectives -- Acknowledgements -- References. , 7 Telomeres in Plant Meiosis: Their Structure, Dynamics and Function -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.1.1 The meiotic pathway -- 7.1.2 Arabidopsis thaliana as a model for meiosis -- 7.2 The telomeres and associated proteins -- 7.2.1 Telomere binding proteins -- 7.2.2 Arabidopsis telomere binding proteins -- 7.2.3 DNA repair proteins -- 7.3 The behaviour of the telomeres in meiosis -- 7.3.1 The bouquet -- 7.3.2 A role for the bouquet -- 7.4 Telomere dynamics in Arabidopsis thaliana meiosis -- 7.4.1 Meiosis in A. thaliana telomere-deficient lines -- 7.5 How are the telomeres moved in meiotic prophase I? -- 7.5.1 Colchicine disrupts meiotic progression -- 7.5.2 The role of actin in telomere movement -- 7.6 Components of the nuclear envelope -- 7.7 Components of the plant nuclear envelope -- 7.8 Conclusions and future prospects -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 8 The Nuclear Pore Complex in Symbiosis and Pathogen Defence -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 The nuclear pore and plant-microbe symbiosis -- 8.2.1 Common signalling in arbuscular mycorrhiza and root-nodule symbiosis -- 8.2.2 Symbiotic signalling at the nucleus -- 8.2.3 Symbiotic defects in ljnup85, ljnup133 and nena mutants -- 8.2.4 How do nucleoporins function in plant-microbe symbiosis? -- 8.3 The nuclear pore and plant defence -- 8.3.1 Plant immune responses can be triggered by pathogen-associated molecular patterns and microbial effectors -- 8.3.2 AtNUP88 and AtNUP96 are required for basal and NB-LRR-mediated plant immunity -- 8.3.3 Mechanisms of nucleoporin-mediated plant defence signalling -- 8.4 Specificity, redundancy and general functions of plant nucleoporins -- 8.4.1 The NUP107-160 sub-complex -- 8.4.2 Hormone signalling -- 8.4.3 Development, flowering time, stress tolerance and RNA transport -- 8.5 Challenges and conclusion -- References -- Index -- Supplemental Images.