Note: Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Abbreviations -- Preface to Second Edition -- Acknowledgements -- Section A: Introduction -- A1 Introduction -- Section B: Understanding Plants - Methods in Plant Biology -- B1 Arabidopsis and Other Model Plants -- B2 Methods in Experimental Plant Science -- B3 Studying Plant Evolution and Ecology -- Section C: Plant Cells -- C1 The Plant Cell -- C2 The Cell Wall -- C3 Plastids and Mitochondria -- C4 Membranes -- C5 Nucleus and Genome -- C6 Cell Division -- Section D: Vegetative Anatomy -- D1 Meristems and Primary Tissue -- D2 Roots -- D3 Herbaceous Stems and Primary Growth -- D4 Woody Stems and Secondary Growth -- D5 Leaves -- Section E: Plants, Water and Mineral Nutrition -- E1 Plants and Water -- E2 Water Retention and Stomata -- E3 Movement of Nutrient Ions across Membranes -- E4 Uptake of Mineral Nutrients by Plants -- E5 Functions of Mineral Nutrients -- Section F: Metabolism -- F1 Photosynthetic Pigments and the Nature of Light -- F2 Major Reactions of Photosynthesis -- F3 C3 and C4 Plants and CAM -- F4 Respiration and Carbohydrate Metabolism -- F5 Amino Acid, Lipid, Polysaccharide and Secondary Product Metabolism -- Section G: Reproductive Biology -- G1 The Flower -- G2 Pollen and Ovules -- G3 Breeding Systems -- G4 Self Incompatibility -- G5 Ecology of Flowering and Pollination -- Section H: Seeds and Fruits -- H1 The Seed -- H2 Fruits -- H3 Fruit and Seed Dispersal -- H4 Seed Dormancy -- H5 Regeneration and Establishment -- Section I: Sensing and Responding to the Environment -- I1 Photoperiodism, Photomorphogenesis and Circadian Rhythms -- I2 Tropisms -- I3 Nastic Responses -- I4 Abscission -- I5 Stress Avoidance and Adaptation -- Section J: Growth and Development -- J1 Features of Growth and Development -- J2 Biochemistry of Growth Regulation. , J3 Molecular Action of Plant Hormones and Intracellular Messengers -- J4 Physiology of Floral Initiation and Development -- Section K: Plant Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology -- K1 Plant Breeding -- K2 Plant Cell and Tissue Culture -- K3 Plant Genetic Engineering -- Section L: Plant Ecology -- L1 Ecology of Different Growth Forms -- L2 Physical Factors and Plant Distribution -- L3 Plant Communities -- L4 Populations -- L5 Polymorphisms and Population Genetics -- L6 Contribution to Carbon Balance and Atmosphere -- Section M: Interactions between Plants and Other Organisms -- M1 Mycorrhiza -- M2 Nitrogen Fixation -- M3 Interactions between Plants and Animals -- M4 Fungal Pathogens and Endophytes -- M5 Bacteria, Mycoplasma, Viruses and Heterokonts -- M6 Parasites and Saprophytes -- M7 Carnivorous Plants -- Section N: Human Uses of Plants -- N1 Plants as Food -- N2 Plants for Construction -- N3 Plants in Medicine -- N4 Plants for Other Uses -- N5 Bioremediation -- Section O: Algae and Bryophytes -- O1 The Algae -- O2 The Bryophytes -- O3 Reproduction in Bryophytes -- Section P: Spore-Bearing Vascular Plants -- P1 Early Evolution of Vascular Plants -- P2 Clubmosses and Quillworts -- P3 Horsetails -- P4 Ferns -- Section Q: Seed Plants -- Q1 Early Seed Plants -- Q2 Conifers -- Q3 Cycads, Ginkgo and Gnetopsida -- Q4 Evolution of Flowering Plants -- Q5 General Features of Plant Evolution -- Further Reading -- Index.

Note: Intro -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1833 -- The Diary: Selected Entries -- The Diary: November 13 to December 27 -- Letters from the Travelers to Caroline Lucretia Herschel, Hanover -- Extracts from a Scientific Notebook Kept by Sir John During the Voyage -- 1834 -- The Diary: January 1 to January 22 -- A Letter from Sir John, Cape Town, to Caroline Lucretia Herschel, Hanover -- A Letter from Sir John, Wynberg, to Caroline Lucretia Herschel, Hanover -- A Letter from Sir John, Wynberg, to James Colder Stewart, London -- The Diary: March 30 to June 6 -- A Letter from Sir John, Feldhausen, to Caroline Lucretia Herschel, Hanover -- A Letter from Sir John, Feldhausen, to James Colder Stewart, care of P. Stewart, Cornhill, London, per Euphrates -- The Diary: July 18 to November 15 -- A Letter from Lady Herschel, Cape of Good Hope, to Caroline Lucretia Herschel, Hanover -- The Travel Diary: An Ascent of Table Mountain and an Excursion to Paarl and Franschhoek -- The Diary: November 16 to December 25 -- The Diary: Occasional Memoranda and Observations -- A Letter from Sir John and Lady Herschel, Feldhausen,to James Colder Stewart -- 1835 -- The Diary: January 1 to February 22 -- A Letter from Sir John and Lady Herschel, Feldhausen, to Caroline Lucretia Herschel, Hanover -- The Diary: February 23 to May 17 -- A Letter from Sir John, Feldhausen, to James Colder Stewart, Canton, China -- A Letter from Lady Herschel, Feldhausen, to Caroline Lucretia Herschel, Hanover -- The Diary: May 22 to September 5 -- The Travel Diary: A Journey to Somerset West and Gordon's Bay -- The Diary: September 6 to October 22 -- A Letter from Sir John and Lady Herschel, Feldhausen, to Caroline Lucretia Herschel, Hanover -- The Diary: October 25 to November 7 -- The Travel Diary -- The Diary: November 8 to November 10. , A Letter from Sir John, Feldhausen, to James Colder Stewart, c/o Messrs. R. Turner & -- Co., Canton, China -- The Diary: November 28 to December 30 -- Occasional Memoranda -- 1836 -- The Diary: January 4 to January 12 -- The Travel Diary: An Expedition to Paarl -- The Diary: February 5 to February 7 -- A Letter from Caroline Emilia Mary Herschel, and Sir John, Feldhausen, to Caroline Lucretia Herschel, Hanover -- The Diary: March 2 to March 8 -- A Letter from Sir John and Lady Herschel, Feldhausen, to Caroline Lucretia Herschel, Hanover -- The Diary: March 9 to May S -- A Letter from Sir John, Feldhausen and Hout Bay, to James Colder Stewart, Canton, China -- A Letter from Sir John and Lady Herschel, Feldhausen, to Caroline Lucretia HerscheL Hanover -- The Diary: May 6 to October 3 -- A Letter from Sir John and Lady Herschel, Feldhausen, to Caroline Lucretia Herschel, Hanover -- The Travel Diary: An Expedition to Franschhoek, Genadendal, and Caledon -- e Diary: October 27 to December 31 -- Occasional Memoranda -- 1837 -- The Pocket Book: January 1 to February 17 -- A Letter from Sir John and Lady Herschel, Feldhausen, to Caroline Lucretia Herschel, Hanover -- The Diary: March 19 to April 6 -- A Letter from Sir John, Feldhausen, to James Colder Stewart -- The Diary: April 7 to May 7 -- A Letter from Sir John, Feldhausen, to Caroline Lucretia Herschel, Hanover -- A Letter from Sir John and Lady Herschel, Feldhausen, to Caroline Lucretia Herschel, Hanover -- A Letter from Sir John, Feldhausen, to James Colder Stewart, London -- The Diary: September 14 to November 15 -- A Letter from Sir John and Lady Herschel, Feldhausen, to Caroline Lucretia Herschel, Hanover -- The Diary: November 18 to December 31 -- Occasional Memoranda -- Observations -- 1838 -- The Diary: January 31 to May IS. , A Letter from Sir John, Feldhausen, and on board the Windsorto James Colder Stewart, London -- The Diary: Selected Entries -- Bibliography -- Index.

Note: Intro -- Annual Plant Reviews Volume 46 -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- 1 Introduction: Mysteries, Molecules and Mechanisms -- 1.1 Darwin and Margulis revisited -- 1.2 Nuclei-general features -- 1.3 The plant nuclear genome -- 1.3.1 General features -- 1.3.2 Replication of the nuclear genome -- 1.4 DNA inside, ribosomes outside -- 1.5 Concluding comments on the evolution of the nucleus -- References -- 2 The Nuclear Envelope-Structure and Protein Interactions -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Organization and structure of the plant nuclearenvelope -- 2.3 Proteins of the plant nuclear envelope -- 2.3.1 Proteins involved in signalling -- 2.3.2 Proteins of the nuclear pore complex -- 2.3.3 Proteins of the INM -- 2.3.4 Proteins spanning the periplasm and linking the NE membranes -- 2.3.5 The plant lamina -- 2.4 The plant nuclear envelope and the nucleoskeleton -- attachments at the INM -- 2.5 The plant nuclear envelope and the cytoskeleton -- attachments at the ONM -- 2.6 Targeting of proteins to the plant NE -- 2.7 Nuclear envelope protein dynamics in mitosis -- 2.7.1 The role of NPC in regulating NE dynamics in cell division -- 2.7.2 NE protein dynamics in division -- 2.8 The phragmoplast and cell plate and their relationship to the NE -- 2.9 The plant NE in meiosis -- 2.10 Lipid composition of the plant NE and its homeostasis -- 2.10.1 Nuclear-vacuolar junctions and lipid homeostasis -- 2.10.2 NE phospholipid regulation by lipins -- 2.11 The role of plant NE components in stress responses -- 2.11.1 Nuclei repositioning in response to environmental stimuli -- 2.11.2 Functions of the plant NE during viral infection -- 2.12 Concluding remarks -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 3 The Plant Nuclear Pore Complex - The Nucleocytoplasmic Barrierand Beyond -- 3.1 Nuclear pore complex structure -- 3.1.1 Structure of the NPC. , 3.1.2 Molecular composition of the NPC -- 3.1.3 Nucleocytoplasmic trafficking -- 3.1.3.1 Karyopherins and Ran cycle -- 3.1.3.2 Non-karyopherin transport -- 3.1.3.3 Models explaining 'virtual gating' of the NPC -- 3.2 Physiological and developmental roles of plant nuclear pore components -- 3.2.1 Plant-microbe interactions -- 3.2.2 Hormone responses -- 3.2.2.1 Abscisic acid signalling -- 3.2.2.2 Auxin signalling -- 3.2.3 Abiotic stress responses -- 3.2.3.1 Temperature stress -- 3.2.3.2 Salt and osmotic stress -- 3.2.4 Growth and development -- 3.3 The Dynamics of the Nuclear Pore Complex -- 3.3.1 Types of mitosis -- 3.3.2 NPC disassembly and dynamics of animal NPC components -- 3.3.3 Dynamics of fungal NPC components -- 3.3.4 Dynamics of plant NPC components -- 3.4 Conclusions -- References -- 4 Nucleoskeleton in Plants: The Functional Organization of Filaments in the Nucleus -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Intermediate filaments and the nucleoskeleton -- 4.3 Plants do not have intermediate filaments but they may have functional equivalents -- 4.4 Plants can evolve different solutions to the same problem -- 4.5 Intermediate filaments first evolved in the nucleus -- 4.6 Plants require a rigid nuclear boundary -- 4.7 Is there a trans-nuclear envelope complex in plants that links the nucleoskeleton to the cytoskeleton? -- 4.8 Role of the nuclear lamina as part of the nucleoskeleton -- 4.9 Structural evidence for the nucleoskeleton -- 4.10 NuMA in plants -- 4.11 Matrix attachment regions (MARs) and the role of the nucleoskeleton in chromatin organization -- 4.12 Chromocentres and the plant nucleoskeleton -- 4.13 Long coiled-coil proteins in plants and their role in nuclear organization: candidates for plamins and nucleoskeletal proteins? -- 4.14 Actin and microtubules in the nucleus -- 4.15 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References. , 5 Genomics and Chromatin Packaging -- 5.1 Chromatin components and structure in highereukaryotes -- 5.2 Histones and nucleosome fibre -- 5.2.1 Histone variants -- 5.2.2 Histone modifications -- 5.2.3 Nucleosome dynamics -- 5.3 Linker histone and the higher order chromatin-order fibre -- 5.3.1 The elusive higher order chromatin fibre -- 5.4 Chromatin loops and chromosome axis -- 5.5 Conclusions and future prospects -- References -- 6 Heterochromatin Positioning and Nuclear Architecture -- 6.1 Heterochromatin structure -- 6.1.1 Heterochromatic sequences -- 6.1.2 Epigenetic marks -- 6.1.2.1 DNA methylation -- 6.1.2.2 Histone code -- 6.1.2.3 Histone-repressive marks -- 6.1.2.4 Histone-activating marks -- 6.1.2.5 Histone variants -- 6.1.2.6 Non-coding RNA -- 6.1.3 Non-histone protein binding -- 6.1.4 Heterochromatin is an epigenetic state -- 6.2 Heterochromatin organization -- 6.2.1 Heterochromatin and nuclear architecture -- 6.2.1.1 Chromosome territories in Arabidopsis -- 6.2.1.2 Chromocentres and the rosette-loop model of chromatin organization -- 6.2.1.3 Chromatin organization in large genome species -- 6.2.2 Recruitment of heterochromatin at the nuclear periphery -- 6.2.2.1 The central role of lamins in animals -- 6.2.2.2 The inner nuclear membrane and heterochromatin -- 6.2.2.3 Heterochromatin positioning in plants -- 6.2.3 Higher order of chromatin organization -- 6.2.3.1 Boundary elements -- 6.2.3.2 Condensin and cohesin -- 6.2.3.3 Matrix Attachment Regions -- 6.2.3.4 Future prospects in plants -- 6.3 Functional significance of heterochromatin positioning -- 6.3.1 Centric heterochromatin directs chromosome segregation -- 6.3.2 Spatial positioning of heterochromatin affects transcriptional activity -- 6.3.3 Heterochromatin positioning protects against genomeinstability -- 6.4 Perspectives -- Acknowledgements -- References. , 7 Telomeres in Plant Meiosis: Their Structure, Dynamics and Function -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.1.1 The meiotic pathway -- 7.1.2 Arabidopsis thaliana as a model for meiosis -- 7.2 The telomeres and associated proteins -- 7.2.1 Telomere binding proteins -- 7.2.2 Arabidopsis telomere binding proteins -- 7.2.3 DNA repair proteins -- 7.3 The behaviour of the telomeres in meiosis -- 7.3.1 The bouquet -- 7.3.2 A role for the bouquet -- 7.4 Telomere dynamics in Arabidopsis thaliana meiosis -- 7.4.1 Meiosis in A. thaliana telomere-deficient lines -- 7.5 How are the telomeres moved in meiotic prophase I? -- 7.5.1 Colchicine disrupts meiotic progression -- 7.5.2 The role of actin in telomere movement -- 7.6 Components of the nuclear envelope -- 7.7 Components of the plant nuclear envelope -- 7.8 Conclusions and future prospects -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 8 The Nuclear Pore Complex in Symbiosis and Pathogen Defence -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 The nuclear pore and plant-microbe symbiosis -- 8.2.1 Common signalling in arbuscular mycorrhiza and root-nodule symbiosis -- 8.2.2 Symbiotic signalling at the nucleus -- 8.2.3 Symbiotic defects in ljnup85, ljnup133 and nena mutants -- 8.2.4 How do nucleoporins function in plant-microbe symbiosis? -- 8.3 The nuclear pore and plant defence -- 8.3.1 Plant immune responses can be triggered by pathogen-associated molecular patterns and microbial effectors -- 8.3.2 AtNUP88 and AtNUP96 are required for basal and NB-LRR-mediated plant immunity -- 8.3.3 Mechanisms of nucleoporin-mediated plant defence signalling -- 8.4 Specificity, redundancy and general functions of plant nucleoporins -- 8.4.1 The NUP107-160 sub-complex -- 8.4.2 Hormone signalling -- 8.4.3 Development, flowering time, stress tolerance and RNA transport -- 8.5 Challenges and conclusion -- References -- Index -- Supplemental Images.

Note: Book Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents.

Note: Front Cover -- Ancient Supercontinents and the Paleogeography of Earth -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of contributors -- About the editors -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- 1 Precambrian supercontinents and supercycles-an overview -- 1.1 The history of the supercontinent research-the five milestones -- 1.2 The Earth and the solar system -- 1.3 Some tectonic concepts -- 1.4 Precambrian supercontinents and their cyclicity-observational evidence -- 1.5 How to reconstruct Precambrian terranes? -- 1.6 Models of the Precambrian supercontinents-some remarks -- 1.7 Precambrian paleomagnetism and paleogeography: a guideline -- 1.7.1 Target rocks -- 1.7.2 Steps 1 and 2 -- 1.7.3 Steps 3−6 -- 1.7.4 Step 7 -- 1.7.5 Step 8 -- 1.8 Precambrian paleomagnetism applied to paleoreconstructions-an example -- 1.8.1 Example 1: closest approach technique for reconstructions -- 1.8.2 Matching apparent polar wander paths-another technique for reconstructions -- 1.9 Precambrian paleomagnetic databases -- 1.9.1 Precambrian pole distributions -- 1.9.2 Some aspects of Precambrian paleomagnetic data -- 1.10 Global and terrane geological maps for reconstructions -- 1.11 Precambrian supercontinent cycle -- 1.11.1 The Precambrian supercontinents and supercycles -- 1.11.2 Secular evolution trends during the Precambrian -- 1.11.2.1 Proxies of core and mantle -- 1.11.2.2 Proxies of crustal extraction -- 1.11.2.3 Proxies reflecting plate tectonics -- 1.11.2.4 Paleolatitude proxies -- 1.11.2.5 Paleoclimate and other proxies -- 1.11.2.6 Kinematic proxies -- 1.11.3 Are the supercontinents the same, similar, or different? -- 1.11.4 Precambrian events and supercontinent cycle -- 1.12 Conclusions and suggestions for future work -- 1.13 How we proceed in this book -- Acknowledgments -- Appendices -- References. , 2 A mantle dynamics perspective on the drift of cratons and supercontinent formation in Earth's history -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Methodology -- 2.2.1 Geodynamic modeling -- 2.2.2 Specific model setup -- 2.2.2.1 Continent configuration -- 2.2.3 Continental drift diagnostics -- 2.2.4 Computed evolutions -- 2.3 Results -- 2.3.1 Average mantle structure -- 2.3.2 Temporal changes in surface plate motions and continental drift -- 2.3.3 Geodynamic surface evolutions -- 2.3.3.1 Homogeneous continent-size distribution (case A) -- 2.3.3.2 Heterogeneous continent-size distribution (case B) -- 2.3.3.3 More vigorous mantle flow (case C) -- 2.4 Long-term cooling of the mantle (case D) -- 2.5 Discussion -- 2.5.1 Supercontinent formation scenarios and grouping of continental units -- 2.5.2 Inclination frequency sampling and inferences on the GAD hypothesis -- 2.5.3 Challenges in the comparison to paleomagnetic data -- 2.5.4 Model limitations and future directions -- 2.6 Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 3 Precambrian geomagnetic field-an overview -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Precambrian geomagnetic field-characteristic features -- 3.3 Inclination frequency analysis -- 3.4 Field reversals -- 3.5 Paleosecular variation -- 3.6 Paleointensity -- 3.7 Continental drift -- 3.8 Results -- 3.9 Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 4 The Precambrian paleogeography of Laurentia -- 4.1 Introduction and broad tectonic history -- 4.1.1 Laurentia's initial formation -- 4.1.2 Protracted Proterozoic accretionary growth followed by collisional orogenesis -- 4.1.3 Neoproterozoic rifting -- 4.1.4 Similarities in Laurentia's Proterozoic and Phanerozoic tectonic histories -- 4.2 Paleomagnetic pole compilation -- 4.3 Differential motion before Laurentia amalgamation -- 4.4 Paleogeography of an assembled Laurentia. , 4.5 Comparing paleogeographic models to the paleomagnetic compilation -- 4.6 Paleoenvironmental constraints on paleolatitude -- 4.7 Evaluating Laurentia's Proterozoic paleogeographic neighbors -- 4.7.1 Paleogeographic connections prior to initial Laurentia assembly -- 4.7.2 Amazonia -- 4.7.3 Australia and East Antarctica -- 4.7.4 Baltica -- 4.7.5 Kalahari -- 4.7.6 North China -- 4.7.7 Siberia -- 4.8 The record implies plate tectonics throughout the Proterozoic -- 4.9 Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- Notes -- Glossary -- References -- 5 The Precambrian drift history and paleogeography of Baltica -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Geological evolution of Baltica -- 5.2.1 General geological outline for Baltica -- 5.2.2 Geological evolution of Fennoscandia and formation of Baltica -- 5.2.2.1 Geological evolution of the Archean Karelian and Kola cratons of Fennoscandia -- 5.2.2.2 Crustal growth of Fennoscandia-the Svecofennian orogen -- 5.2.3 Geological evolution of Volgo-Sarmatia and formation of Baltica -- 5.2.4 Geological evolution of Baltica -- 5.2.4.1 Baltica within Nuna-different tectonic regimes -- 5.2.4.2 Igneous activity and rifting in Baltica reflecting initiation of the breakup on Nuna? -- 5.2.4.3 Late Mesoproterozoic-Neoproterozoic geological evolution of Baltica-the Rodinia cycle -- 5.3 Material and methods -- 5.3.1 Paleomagnetic poles of Baltica-latitudinal drift history and drift rate -- 5.3.2 Paleoclimatic indicators of Baltica-testing the reconstructed latitudinal drift history -- 5.4 Paleomagnetic evidence for the drift of Baltica -- 5.4.1 Review of the paleomagnetic poles of Baltica -- 5.4.1.1 Archean-Paleoproterozoic poles of subcratons of Baltica -- 5.4.1.2 Late Paleoproterozoic-Neoproterozoic poles for amalgamated Baltica -- 5.4.2 Latitudinal drift of Baltica -- 5.4.2.1 Archean-Paleoproterozoic latitudinal drift and amalgamation of Baltica. , 5.4.2.2 Late Paleoproterozoic-Neoproterozoic latitudinal drift of amalgamated Baltica -- 5.5 Paleoproterozoic-Neoproterozoic climatic indicators for Baltica -- 5.6 Drift velocities of Baltica and its subcratons with implication to tectonics -- 5.6.1 Archean-Paleoproterozoic drift velocities with implication to tectonics -- 5.6.2 Late Paleoproterozoic-Neoproterozoic drift velocities with implication to tectonics -- 5.7 Implications for Baltica in Superia supercraton and Nuna and Rodinia supercontinents -- 5.7.1 Karelian and Kola in Superia -- 5.7.2 Baltica in Nuna and Rodinia cycles -- 5.7.2.1 Baltica-Laurentia-Siberia -- 5.7.2.2 Baltica-Congo-São Francisco -- 5.7.2.3 Baltica-India in Nuna and Rodinia cycles -- 5.7.2.4 Baltica-Amazonia in Nuna and Rodinia cycles -- 5.8 Concluding remarks -- Acknowledgments -- Supplementary table -- References -- 6 The Precambrian drift history and paleogeography of Amazonia -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 The Amazonian Craton -- 6.3 Quality criteria of paleomagnetic poles -- 6.4 Amazonian paleomagnetic data and apparent polar wander path -- 6.4.1 Amazonian latitude drift -- 6.4.2 Amazonian apparent polar wander path and the polarity time scale -- 6.4.3 Amazonia pre-Columbia -- 6.4.4 Amazonia in a long-lived Columbia? -- 6.4.5 Amazonian Craton in the Rodinia supercontinent -- 6.4.6 Amazonian Craton in Gondwana -- 6.5 Final remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 7 The Precambrian drift history and paleogeography of Río de la Plata craton -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Geology of the Río de la Plata craton -- 7.2.1 Piedra Alta Terrane (PA) -- 7.2.2 Tandilia terrane (T) -- 7.2.3 Nico Perez terrane (NP) and Dom Feliciano Belt (DFB) -- 7.3 Material -- 7.4 Results -- 7.5 Discussion -- 7.5.1 RP and Precambrian continents -- 7.5.2 Paleoclimatic record of RP -- 7.6 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References. , 8 Precambrian paleogeography of Siberia -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Geology of the Siberian Craton -- 8.3 Paleomagnetic data and paleolatitudes of Siberian Craton -- 8.4 Possible neighbors of Siberian Craton -- 8.5 Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 9 Whence Australia: Its Precambrian drift history and paleogeography -- 9.1 Introduction to the Precambrian geology of Australia -- 9.2 Material -- 9.2.1 Paleomagnetic studies -- 9.2.1.1 Archean poles -- Archean Hamersley banded-iron formations and iron ores -- 9.2.1.2 Paleo-Mesoproterozoic -- Kimberley Craton -- Paleo-Mesoproterozoic McArthur Basin/Pine Creek Inlier -- 9.2.1.3 Mesoproterozoic -- Middleback Ranges -- Gawler Craton -- Warakurna large igneous province -- The Albany-Fraser Belt -- 9.2.1.4 Neoproterozoic -- Mundine Dyke Swarm, WA -- Central Australian successions -- Dykes of the Yilgarn Craton, WA -- South Australian successions -- 9.2.2 Data selection -- 9.3 Results: original and age-binned apparent polar wander paths -- 9.3.1 Raw apparent polar wander curve -- 9.3.2 Age-binned APW curve -- 9.4 Discussion -- 9.4.1 Implications for supercontinents -- 9.4.1.1 Australian Cratons in Kenorland (c. 2.77-2.47Ga) -- 9.4.1.2 Australian Cratons in Nuna -- 9.4.1.3 Australian Cratons in Rodinia -- 9.4.2 Neoproterozoic intracontinental rotation -- 9.4.3 Implications for assembly and potential separation events of the Australian cratons -- 9.4.4 Paleoclimate indicators -- 9.4.5 Australian paleolatitudes in a global perspective -- 9.5 Summary -- References -- 10 The Precambrian drift history and paleogeography of India -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Data selection -- 10.2.1 Southern Indian Block (Dharwar, Bastar, and Singhbhum cratons) -- 10.2.1.1 Dharwar craton results -- 10.2.1.1.1 Bastar craton -- 10.2.1.1.2 Singhbhum craton. , 10.2.2 Northern Indian Block (Aravalli-Delhi-Marwar-Banded Gneiss Complex/Bundelkhand craton).

Note: Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- List of Contributors -- Acknowledgements -- Chapter 1 Introduction to glacial landsystems -- 1.1 Landsystems -- 1.2 Glacial Landsystems -- 1.3 Aims and Scope of this Book -- Chapter 2 Ice-Marginal Terrestrial Landsystems: Active Temperate Glacier Margins -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Landform-Sediment Assemblages in Active Temperate Glacier Forelands -- 2.3 Ancient Records of Active Temperate Glacier Margins -- 2.4 Conclusion -- Chapter 3 Ice-Marginal Terrestrial Landsystems: Sub-Polar Glacier Margins of the Canadian and Greenland High Arctic -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Sub-Polar Glaciers in the Canadian and Greenland High Arctic -- 3.3 Glacial Geology and Geomorphology -- 3.4 Overlaps With Other Glacigenic Landsystems -- 3.5 Conclusion -- Chapter 4 Ice-Marginal Terrestrial Landsystems: Svalbard Polythermal Glaciers -- 4.1 Introduction and Rationale -- 4.2 Structural Glaciological Controls on Debris Entrainment and Transport -- 4.3 Geomorphology and Sedimentology of Receding Svalbard Glaciers -- 4.4 A Landsystem Model for Svalbard Glaciers -- 4.5 Application of the Model to Pleistocene Moraine Complexes -- 4.6 Conclusions -- Chapter 5 Ice-Marginal Terrestrial Landsystems: Polar-Continental Glacier Margins -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Polar Ice-Marginal Environments -- 5.3 Ice Margins in Low-Relief Landscapes -- 5.4 Ice-Contact Landforms and Sediments -- 5.5 Ice Margins in High-Relief Areas -- 5.6 Towards a Depositional Model -- Chapter 6 Ice-Marginal Terrestrial Landsystems: Southern Laurentide Ice Sheet Margin -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Physical Setting and Timing of Glaciation -- 6.3 Methods -- 6.4 Mapping and Classification of the Data -- 6.5 Landsystems of the Southern Laurentide Ice Sheet -- 6.6 Discussion -- 6.7 Conclusions. , Chapter 7 Ice-Marginal Terrestrial Landsystems: Northern Laurentide and Innuitian Ice Sheet Margins -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 The Region and Its General Glacial Landscape -- 7.3 Glacial Landscape Zones -- 7.4 General Interpretation -- 7.5 Constraints on Interpretation of Glacial Landforms and Deposits in the Continuous Permafrost Zone -- 7.6 Process-Form Relationships: Towards a Landsystem Model for the Permafrost Zone -- 7.7 Discussion and Conclusion -- Chapter 8 Ice-Marginal Terrestrial Landsystems: Southern Scandinavian Ice Sheet Margin -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Glacial History -- 8.3 Regional Geology and Glacial Landsystems -- 8.4 Distribution of Glacial Landforms and Glacitectonic Styles -- 8.5 Structures Developed in Response to Subglacial Deformation -- 8.6 Structural Style of Subglacial Shear Zones -- 8.7 Ductile Shear Zone Structures -- 8.8 Brittle Shear Zone Structures -- 8.9 Glacifluvial Outwash, Ice-Marginal Valleys and Lakes -- 8.10 Glacial Landsystems of the Northern European Plains -- 8.11 Conclusions -- 8.12 Summary - Landform-Sediment Associations of the Southern Scandinavian Ice Sheet -- Chapter 9 Palaeo-Ice Stream Landsystem -- 9.1 Introduction and Rationale -- 9.2 Significance of Palaeo-Ice Streams -- 9.3 Hypotheses of Palaeo-Ice Stream Locations -- 9.4 Problems in Identifying Palaeo-Ice Streams -- 9.5 Characteristics of Existing Ice Streams -- 9.6 Geomorphological Criteria of Ice-Stream Activity -- 9.7 A Landsystem Model for Palaeo-Ice Streams -- 9.8 Application of Landsystem Models -- 9.9 Conclusion -- Chapter 10 Supraglacial Landsystems in Lowland Terrain -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Landforms -- 10.3 The Supraglacial Landsystem Model -- Chapter 11 Surging Glacier Landsystem -- 11.1 Introduction and Rationale -- 11.2 Geomorphology and Sedimentology of Contemporary Surging Glaciers. , 11.3 Summary of the Landsystems Model for Surging Glaciers -- 11.4 Application of the Surging Glacier Landsystem -- 11.5 Conclusion -- Chapter 12 Subaquatic Landsystems: Continental Margins -- 12.1 The Continental Shelf System -- 12.2 The Continental Slope and Adjoining Deep-Sea System -- 12.3 Summary -- Chapter 13 Subaquatic Landsystems: Fjords -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Sedimentary Processes and External Forces -- 13.3 Geomorphology and Depositional Systems -- 13.4 Modelling Fjord Landsystems -- 13.5 Conclusion -- Chapter 14 Subaquatic Landsystems: Large Proglacial Lakes -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Controls on Formation and Extent of Proglacial Lakes -- 14.3 The Sedimentary Record of Large Proglacial Lakes -- 14.4 Summary of Development of Large Proglacial Lakes -- Chapter 15 Glaciated Valley Landsystems -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Sediment Sources -- 15.3 Sediment Transport Pathways -- 15.4 Dynamics of Debris-Covered Glaciers -- 15.5 Landsystems of Glacial Deposition -- 15.6 Rock Glaciers -- 15.7 Landsystems of Proglacial Deposition -- 15.8 Proglacial Aeolian Landsystems -- 15.9 Ice- and Moraine-Dammed Lakes -- 15.10 Glaciated Valley Landsystems: Synthesis -- 15.11 Changes in Landsystem Distribution Over Space and Time -- 15.12 Conclusions -- Chapter 16 Plateau Icefield Landsystems -- 16.1 Introduction and rationale -- 16.2 Area Altitude Relationship for Plateau Icefields -- 16.3 Contemporary Plateau Icefields -- 16.4 Dynamics of Plateau Icefields -- 16.5 The Plateau Icefield Landsystem -- 16.6 Impact of Plateau Ice on Reconstructed Equilibrium Line Altitudes -- 16.7 Discussion -- 16.8 Conclusions -- Chapter 17 Paraglacial Landsystems -- 17.1 Introduction -- 17.2 Paraglacial Landsystems -- 17.3 Paraglacial Rock Slope Landsystems -- 17.4 Paraglacial Drift-Mantled Slope Landsystems -- 17.5 Paraglacial Modification of Glacier Forelands. , 17.6 Paraglacial Alluvial Landsystems -- 17.7 Paraglacial Sedimentation in Lakes -- 17.8 Paraglacial Coastal Landsystems -- 17.9 Paraglacial Landsystems and Postglacial Landscape Change -- 17.10 Implications for Glacial Landsystems -- References -- Index.

Note: Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Preface to the First Edition -- Preface to the Second Edition -- Acknowledgements -- Part One Glaciers -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Glacier systems -- 1.1.1 Mass balance -- 1.1.2 Meltwater -- 1.1.3 Glacier motion -- 1.1.4 Glaciers and sea-level change -- 1.1.5 Erosion and debris transport -- 1.1.6 Glacial sediments, landforms and landscapes -- 1.2 Glacier morphology -- 1.2.1 Ice sheets and ice caps -- 1.2.2 Glaciers constrained by topography -- 1.2.3 Ice shelves -- 1.3 Present distribution of glaciers -- 1.3.1 Influence of latitude and altitude -- 1.3.2 Influence of aspect, relief and distance from a moisture source -- 1.4 Past distribution of glaciers -- 1.4.1 'Icehouse' and 'greenhouse' worlds -- 1.4.2 Cenozoic glaciation -- 2 Snow, Ice and Climate -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Surface energy balance -- 2.2.1 Changes of state and temperature -- 2.2.2 Shortwave radiation -- 2.2.3 Longwave radiation -- 2.2.4 Sensible and latent heat: turbulent fluxes -- 2.2.5 Energy supplied by rain -- 2.2.6 Why is glacier ice blue? -- 2.3 Ice temperature -- 2.3.1 The melting point of ice -- 2.3.2 Controls on ice temperature -- 2.3.3 Thermal structure of glaciers and ice sheets -- 2.4 Processes of accumulation and ablation -- 2.4.1 Snow and ice accumulation -- 2.4.2 Transformation of snow to ice -- 2.4.3 Melting of snow and ice -- 2.4.4 Sublimation and evaporation -- 2.4.5 The influence of debris cover -- 2.5 Mass balance -- 2.5.1 Definitions -- 2.5.2 Measurement of mass balance -- 2.5.3 Annual mass balance cycles -- 2.5.4 Mass balance gradients -- 2.5.5 The equilibrium line -- 2.5.6 Glaciation levels or glaciation thresholds -- 2.5.7 Glacier sensitivity to climate change -- 2.6 Glacier-climate interactions -- 2.6.1 Effects of glaciers and ice sheets on the atmosphere -- 2.7 Ice cores. , 2.7.1 Ice coring programmes -- 2.7.2 Stable isotopes -- 2.7.3 Ancient atmospheres: the gas content of glacier ice -- 2.7.4 Solutes and particulates -- 3 Glacier Hydrology -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Basic concepts -- 3.2.1 Water sources and routing -- 3.2.2 Hydraulic potential -- 3.2.3 Resistance to flow -- 3.2.4 Channel wall processes: melting, freezing and ice deformation -- 3.3 Supraglacial and englacial drainage -- 3.3.1 Supraglacial water storage and drainage -- 3.3.2 Englacial drainage -- 3.4 Subglacial drainage -- 3.4.1 Subglacial channels -- 3.4.2 Water films -- 3.4.3 Linked cavity systems -- 3.4.4 Groundwater flow -- 3.4.5 Water at the ice-sediment interface -- 3.5 Glacial hydrological systems -- 3.5.1 Temperate glaciers -- 3.5.2 Polythermal glaciers -- 3.5.3 Modelling glacial hydrological systems -- 3.6 Proglacial runoff -- 3.6.1 Seasonal and shorter-term cycles -- 3.6.2 Runoff and climate change -- 3.7 Glacial lakes and outburst floods -- 3.7.1 Introduction -- 3.7.2 Moraine-dammed lakes -- 3.7.3 Ice-dammed lakes -- 3.7.4 Icelandic subglacial lakes -- 3.7.5 Estimating GLOF magnitudes -- 3.8 Life in glaciers -- 3.8.1 Supraglacial ecosystems -- 3.8.2 Subglacial ecosystems -- 3.9 Glacier hydrochemistry -- 3.9.1 Overview -- 3.9.2 Snow chemistry -- 3.9.3 Chemical weathering processes -- 3.9.4 Subglacial chemical weathering -- 3.9.5 Proglacial environments -- 3.9.6 Rates of chemical erosion -- 4 Processes of Glacier Motion -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Stress and strain -- 4.2.1 Stress -- 4.2.2 Strain -- 4.2.3 Rheology: stress-strain relationships -- 4.2.4 Force balance in glaciers -- 4.3 Deformation of ice -- 4.3.1 Glen's Flow Law -- 4.3.2 Crystal fabric, impurities and water content -- 4.3.3 Ice creep velocities -- 4.4 Sliding -- 4.4.1 Frozen beds -- 4.4.2 Sliding of wet-based ice -- 4.4.3 Glacier-bed friction -- 4.4.4 The role of water. , 4.5 Deformable beds -- 4.5.1 The Boulton-Hindmarsh model -- 4.5.2 Laboratory testing of subglacial tills -- 4.5.3 Direct observations of deformable glacier beds -- 4.5.4 Rheology of subglacial till -- 4.6 Rates of basal motion -- 4.6.1 'Sliding laws' -- 4.6.2 Local and non-local controls on ice velocity -- 4.7 Crevasses and other structures: strain made visible -- 4.7.1 Crevasses -- 4.7.2 Crevasse patterns -- 4.7.3 Layering, foliation and related structures -- 5 Glacier Dynamics -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Understanding glacier dynamics -- 5.2.1 Balance velocities -- 5.2.2 Deviations from the balance velocity -- 5.2.3 Changes in ice thickness: continuity -- 5.2.4 Thermodynamics -- 5.3 Glacier models -- 5.3.1 Overview -- 5.3.2 Equilibrium glacier profiles -- 5.3.3 Time-evolving glacier models -- 5.4 Dynamics of valley glaciers -- 5.4.1 Intra-annual velocity variations -- 5.4.2 Multi-annual variations -- 5.5 Calving glaciers -- 5.5.1 Flow of calving glaciers -- 5.5.2 Calving processes -- 5.5.3 'Calving laws' -- 5.5.4 Advance and retreat of calving glaciers -- 5.6 Ice shelves -- 5.6.1 Mass balance of ice shelves -- 5.6.2 Flow of ice shelves -- 5.6.3 Ice shelf break-up -- 5.7 Glacier surges -- 5.7.1 Overview -- 5.7.2 Distribution of surging glaciers -- 5.7.3 Temperate glacier surges -- 5.7.4 Polythermal surging glaciers -- 5.7.5 Surge mechanisms -- 6 The Greenland and Antarctic Ice Sheets -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 The Greenland Ice Sheet -- 6.2.1 Overview -- 6.2.2 Climate and surface mass balance -- 6.2.3 Ice sheet flow -- 6.2.4 Ice streams and outlet glaciers -- 6.3 The Antarctic Ice Sheet -- 6.3.1 Overview -- 6.3.2 Climate and mass balance -- 6.3.3 Flow of inland ice -- 6.3.4 Ice streams -- 6.3.5 Hydrology and subglacial lakes -- 6.3.6 Ice stream stagnation and reactivation -- 6.3.7 Stability of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet. , 7 Glaciers and Sea-Level Change -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Causes of sea-level change -- 7.2.1 Overview -- 7.2.2 Glacio-eustasy and global ice volume -- 7.2.3 Glacio-isostasy and ice sheet loading -- 7.3 Sea-level change over glacial-interglacial cycles -- 7.3.1 Ice sheet fluctuations and eustatic sea-level change -- 7.3.2 Sea-level histories in glaciated regions -- 7.4 Glaciers and recent sea-level change -- 7.4.1 Recorded sea-level change -- 7.4.2 Global glacier mass balance -- 7.5 Future sea-level change -- 7.5.1 IPCC climate and sea-level projections -- 7.5.2 Predicting the glacial contribution to sea-level change -- Part Two Glaciation -- 8 Erosional Processes, Forms and Landscapes -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Subglacial erosion -- 8.2.1 Rock fracture: general principles -- 8.2.2 Abrasion -- 8.2.3 Quarrying -- 8.2.4 Erosion beneath cold ice -- 8.2.5 Erosion of soft beds -- 8.3 Small-scale erosional forms -- 8.3.1 Striae and polished surfaces -- 8.3.2 Rat tails -- 8.3.3 Chattermarks, gouges and fractures -- 8.3.4 P-forms -- 8.4 Intermediate-scale erosional forms -- 8.4.1 Roches moutonnées -- 8.4.2 Whalebacks and rock drumlins -- 8.4.3 Crag and tails -- 8.4.4 Channels -- 8.5 Large-scale erosional landforms -- 8.5.1 Rock basins and overdeepenings -- 8.5.2 Basins and overdeepenings in soft sediments -- 8.5.3 Troughs and fjords -- 8.5.4 Cirques -- 8.5.5 Strandflats -- 8.6 Landscapes of glacial erosion -- 8.6.1 Areal scouring -- 8.6.2 Selective linear erosion -- 8.6.3 Landscapes of little or no glacial erosion -- 8.6.4 Alpine landscapes -- 8.6.5 Cirque landscapes -- 8.6.6 Continent-scale patterns of erosion -- 9 Debris Entrainment and Transport -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Approaches to the study of glacial sediments -- 9.2.1 The glacial debris cascade -- 9.2.2 Spatial hierarchies of sediments and landforms -- 9.3 Glacial debris entrainment. , 9.3.1 Supraglacial debris entrainment -- 9.3.2 Incorporation of debris into basal ice -- 9.4 Debris transport and release -- 9.4.1 Subglacial transport -- 9.4.2 High-level debris transport -- 9.4.3 Glacifluvial transport -- 9.5 Effects of transport on debris -- 9.5.1 Granulometry -- 9.5.2 Clast morphology -- 9.5.3 Particle micromorphology -- 10 Glacigenic Sediments and Depositional Processes -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Sediment description and classification -- 10.2.1 Sediment description -- 10.2.2 Deformation structures -- 10.2.3 Primary and secondary deposits -- 10.3 Primary glacigenic deposits (till) -- 10.3.1 Overview -- 10.3.2 Processes of subglacial till formation -- 10.3.3 Glacitectonite -- 10.3.4 Subglacial traction till -- 10.4 Glacifluvial deposits -- 10.4.1 Terminology and classification of glacifluvial sediments -- 10.4.2 Plane bed deposits -- 10.4.3 Ripple cross-laminated facies -- 10.4.4 Dunes -- 10.4.5 Antidunes -- 10.4.6 Scour and minor channel fills -- 10.4.7 Gravel sheets -- 10.4.8 Silt and mud drapes -- 10.4.9 Hyperconcentrated flow deposits -- 10.5 Gravitational mass movement deposits and syn-sedimentary deformation structures -- 10.5.1 Overview -- 10.5.2 Fall deposits -- 10.5.3 Slide and slump deposits -- 10.5.4 Debris (sediment-gravity) flow deposits -- 10.5.5 Turbidites -- 10.5.6 Clastic dykes and hydrofracture fills -- 10.6 Glacimarine and glacilacustrine deposits -- 10.6.1 Water body characteristics and sediment influx -- 10.6.2 Depositional processes -- 10.6.3 Varves and other glacilacustrine overflow/interflow deposits -- 10.6.4 Laminated glacimarine sediments -- 10.6.5 Ice-rafted debris and undermelt deposits -- 10.6.6 Iceberg grounding structures and sediments -- 10.6.7 Fossiliferous deposits and biogenic oozes -- 10.7 Winnowing structures (lags, coquinas and boulder pavements) -- 11 Sediment-Landform Associations. , 11.1 Introduction.

Note: Intro -- Contents -- Preface -- List of Participants -- Coding Theory -- Gröbner bases, Padé approximation, and decoding of linear codes -- Some computational tools for estimating the parameters of algebraic geometry codes -- An introduction to algebraic coding theory -- Recent results on p-ranks and Smith normal forms of some 2 - (v, k, λ) designs -- Quantum Computing -- Quantum walks on graphs and quantum scattering theory -- A continuous variable Shor algorithm -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Mathematical Machinery -- 3. Fourier Analysis on the Real Line R -- 4. The Algorithm for Finding Integer Periods -- 5. The Observable O -- 6. The Algorithm for Finding Rational Periods -- 7. Finding Irrational Periods -- 8. Conclusion -- 9. Appendix: Number-Theoretic Probabilities -- References -- Entangled states of light -- Entanglement beyond subsystems -- Generalized GHZ states and distributed quantum computing.