Note: Intro -- Supervisor's Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Introduction -- References -- 1 Introduction, Methodology, Limitations -- 1.1…Introduction -- 1.2…Climate ChangeChange -- 1.3…Climate Adaptation -- 1.4…Spatial Planning -- 1.5…Complexity and TimeTime Horizons -- 1.6…Problem Statement, Objective, Point of Departure and ResearchResearch Questions -- 1.7…Methodology -- 1.8…Limitations -- 1.9…Key Concepts and Timeline -- 1.10…The Chapters -- References -- Websites -- A.0. The Bridge: One--Two1.11…The Bridge: One--Two -- 2 Towards a Spatial Planning Framework for Climate Adaptation -- 2.1…Introduction -- 2.2…Problem Statement -- 2.3…Objective -- 2.4…Methodology -- 2.5…Literature Review -- 2.5.1 Adaptive and DynamicDynamic Approaches in Spatial Planning -- 2.5.2 The Spatial PropertiesProperties of Complex Adaptive SystemsAdaptive systems -- 2.6…The FrameworkFramework -- 2.6.1 Aggregated Spatial ElementsElements -- 2.6.2 Definition of TimeTime Rhythms: Layers -- 2.6.3 Linking Spatial ElementsElements with Layers -- 2.7…Validation -- 2.7.1 Prevailing Regional PlanRegional plan -- 2.7.2 A Climate-Adaptive Regional PlanRegional plan -- 2.7.3 Conclusions -- 2.8…Discussion -- 2.9…Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- Websites -- A.0. The Bridge: Two--ThreeThe Bridge: Two--Three -- 3 Developing a Planning TheoryPlanning theory for Wicked Problems: SwarmSwarm Planning -- 3.1…IntroductionIntroduction -- 3.2…Problem Statement -- 3.3…ApproachApproach -- 3.4…Current Planning Paradigms -- 3.4.1 A Selection of Prevailing Planning Paradigms -- 3.4.2 A Review of 2 Years of Planning Journals -- 3.5…Exploring ComplexityComplexity -- 3.5.1 ComplexityComplexity TheoryTheory -- 3.5.2 CitiesCities as Complex Systems -- 3.5.3 Use of ComplexityComplexity in Planning -- 3.5.4 Proposition: SwarmSwarm Planning -- 3.5.5 BendigoBendigo -- 3.6…Conclusion -- References. , A.0. …The Bridge: Three--Four -- 4 Incremental Change, Transition or Transformation? Optimising Change Pathways for Climate Adaptation in Spatial Planning -- 4.1…Introduction -- 4.2…Research ApproachApproach -- 4.2.1 Research Context -- 4.2.2 Problem Statement -- 4.2.3 Research Objective and ApproachApproach -- 4.3…Analysis of ChangeChange Processes -- 4.3.1 Incremental ChangeChange -- 4.3.2 Transition -- 4.3.3 Transformation -- 4.4…Comparison -- 4.4.1 CriteriaCriteria -- 4.4.2 Comparison -- 4.5…Theorising TransformationTransformation -- 4.6…Signals -- 4.6.1 Early Warning -- 4.6.2 Creation -- 4.7…Application in the Peat ColoniesPeat Colonies -- 4.8…Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- A.0. The Bridge: Four--Five -- 5 The Use of Spatial Planning to Increase the Resilience for Future Turbulence in the Spatial System of the Groningen Region to Deal with Climate Change -- 5.1…Introduction -- 5.2…Background -- 5.2.1 Climate ChangeChange -- 5.2.2 Challenges of ComplexityComplexity in Planning -- 5.3…The GroningenGroningen Case -- 5.3.1 Understanding the SystemSystem: Mapping Climate and Energy PotentialsEnergy potentials -- 5.3.2 Improving ResilienceResilience: Use of SwarmSwarm Planning ParadigmParadigm -- 5.3.3 Strategic InterventionsStrategic interventions: The GroningenGroningen Impulses -- 5.3.4 Steer the SwarmSwarm -- 5.4…The GroningenGroningen Case Discussed -- 5.4.1 Mapping -- 5.4.2 Idea Map -- 5.4.3 Interventions -- 5.4.4 In the Real World -- 5.5…Conclusions -- References -- A.0. The Bridge: Five--SixThe Bridge: Five--Six -- 6 Swarming Landscapes, New Pathways for Resilient Cities -- 6.1…Introduction -- 6.2…Dealing with UncertaintyUncertainty -- 6.3…Swarms -- 6.4…Complex Adaptive Spatial Systems -- 6.5…SwarmSwarm Planning -- 6.6…SwarmSwarm Planning Example: Floodable LandscapeFloodable landscape -- 6.7…Conclusion and Discussion. , References -- A.0. The Bridge: Six--SevenThe Bridge: Six--Seven -- 7 Quadruple the Potential, Scaling the Energy Supply -- 7.1…Introduction -- 7.2…The Supra-Regional Scale: North Netherlands -- 7.3…The Regional Scale: GroningenGroningen -- 7.4…The City-Neighbourhood Scale: AlmereAlmere East and Hoogezand -- 7.4.1 AlmereAlmere East -- 7.4.2 Hoogezand: The Green Campaign -- 7.4.3 Experiences with Energy Potential Studies -- 7.5…The Building Scale: River House MilduraMildura -- 7.5.1 Potentials and Outcomes -- 7.6…Interdependencies -- 7.7…Discussion -- References -- A.0. The Bridge: Seven--EightThe Bridge: Seven--Eight -- 8 Beyond the Ordinary: Innovative Spatial Energy Framework Offers Perspectives on Increased Energy and Carbon Objectives -- 8.1…Introduction -- 8.2…Problem -- 8.3…Hypothesis -- 8.4…State of the Art in Renewable EnergyRenewable energy Thinking -- 8.5…Energy and Spatial Planning: An Underestimated Relationship -- 8.6…Towards an Innovative Methodology: The GroningenGroningen Case -- 8.6.1 Energy Potential Mapping -- 8.6.2 Conceptual DesignDesign -- 8.6.3 Swarm Planning -- 8.6.4 Findings -- 8.7…Conclusions -- ReferencesReferences -- A.1. The Bridge: Eight--Nine8.8…The Bridge: Eight--Nine -- 9 Swarm Planning for Climate Change: An Alternative Pathway for Resilience -- 9.1…Introduction -- 9.2…Methodology -- 9.3…Analysis -- 9.3.1 Climate ChangeChange -- 9.3.2 Spatial Planning -- 9.4…Problem Statement -- 9.5…Swarm Planning -- 9.5.1 Complexity -- 9.5.2 The Layer ApproachApproach -- 9.5.3 Key ElementsElements of SwarmSwarm Planning TheoryPlanning theory -- 9.5.4 Application of the TheoryTheory -- 9.6…Comparing Regular Planning with SwarmSwarm Planning -- 9.6.1 The Province of GroningenGroningen -- 9.6.1.1 Regional Plan -- 9.6.1.2 Zero-Fossil Region -- 9.6.1.3 Findings -- 9.6.2 The Peat ColoniesPeat Colonies. , 9.6.2.1 Agenda for the Peat ColoniesPeat Colonies -- 9.6.2.2 Net Carbon-Capture LandscapeLandscape -- 9.6.2.3 Findings -- 9.7…Discussion and Conclusions -- References -- Websites -- A.0. The Bridge: Nine--Ten -- 10 Conclusion, Discussion and Recommendations -- 10.1…Introduction -- 10.2…Research Questions -- 10.3…Primary Research Question One: Developing a Planning Framework -- 10.3.1 Research Question A -- 10.3.2 Research Question B -- 10.3.3 Research Question C -- 10.3.4 Research Question D -- 10.3.5 Summary of the Findings PRQ1 -- 10.4…Primary Research Question Two: Application of the Planning Framework -- 10.4.1 Research Question E -- 10.4.2 Research Question F -- 10.4.3 Research Question G -- 10.4.4 Research Question H -- 10.4.5 Additional analysis: The Bendigo Design -- 10.4.6 BAU and Swarm Compared -- 10.4.7 Summary of the Findings PRQ2 -- 10.5…Swarm Planning Framework -- 10.5.1 Two Levels of Complexity -- 10.5.2 Five Layers -- 10.5.3 Complex Adaptive Processes -- 10.5.4 Ways to Apply -- 10.6…Discussion -- 10.6.1 Limitations of the Framework -- 10.6.2 Uses and Outcomes of the Framework -- 10.6.3 Weaknesses of the Framework -- 10.6.4 Reflection on Research Process -- 10.6.5 Final Recommendations -- Index.

Note: Intro -- Preface -- How Nexus Can We Go? -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Contributors -- Part I: Framework -- Chapter 1: The Moveable Nexus, Transforming Thinking on Cities -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Moveable Geographies -- 1.3 Moveable People -- 1.4 Moveable Thinking -- 1.5 Moveable Flows -- 1.6 Moveable Knowledge -- 1.7 Moveable Inventions -- 1.8 Moveable Platform -- 1.9 Conclusion -- Chapter 2: A Moveable Nexus: Framework for FEW-Design and Planning -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Object of Study: The City -- 2.2.1 Urban Challenges -- 2.3 The Essence of Nexus-Thinking: Where, How, Who -- 2.3.1 The Relationship of Production and Consumption -- 2.3.2 The Relationship Between Costs and Benefits -- 2.3.3 Relationship Between Working and Living -- 2.4 A Moveable Nexus -- 2.4.1 M-NEX Objective -- 2.4.2 M-NEX Principles -- 2.4.3 M-NEX Design Approach -- 2.4.4 M-NEX Partnerships -- 2.5 Design-Led M-NEX Approach -- 2.6 The M-NEX Design Process -- 2.7 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3: M-NEX Methodology: A Design-Led Approach to the FEW-Nexus -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Urban Metabolism -- 3.3 Nexus-Thinking -- 3.4 Design-led Approach to Urban Flows -- 3.5 Design Is Magical -- 3.6 M-NEX Methodology -- 3.6.1 Three Methodological Phases -- 3.6.2 Exploration Phase -- 3.6.3 Iteration Phase -- 3.6.4 Representation Phase -- 3.7 Conclusion -- References -- Part II: Design for Food in M-Nex -- Chapter 4: Nature Driven Planning for the FEW-Nexus in Western Sydney -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 FEW-Nexus as a Salvation? -- 4.2.1 Food in the Australian and Sydney Context -- 4.2.2 Energy in the Australian and Sydney Context -- 4.2.3 Water in the Australian and Sydney Context -- 4.3 Applying of the FEW-nexus in Western Sydney -- 4.4 Western Sydney Systems of Food, Energy and Water -- 4.4.1 Food -- 4.4.2 Energy -- 4.4.3 Water -- 4.4.4 Design Principles. , 4.5 Three Scenarios -- 4.5.1 High-Tech Scenario -- 4.5.2 Networked Emergence Scenario -- 4.5.3 Regeneration of the Commons -- 4.5.4 Amalgamation -- 4.6 Design-led FEW-Nexus in Western Sydney -- 4.6.1 Designing the Conurbation -- 4.6.2 Design of a Reciprocal Food-Forest -- 4.6.3 Systemic Indigenous Design -- 4.6.4 Designing Inclusivity Through Regeneration -- 4.6.5 Design of Purifying Urban System -- 4.7 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 5: The Flexible Scaffold: Design Praxis in the FEW-Nexus -- 5.1 Design Is Not a Science -- 5.2 Efficient v Effective -- 5.3 Design Praxis -- 5.4 Content and Form -- 5.5 Challenges of Data and FEW-Research -- 5.6 Importance of Spatialised Data -- 5.7 Reflection as Validation or Enquiry -- 5.8 A Flexible Scaffold -- 5.9 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 6: Spatialised Method for Analysing the Impact of Food -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Agriculture, Land Use and Food in N.I -- 6.3 The 'Food Print' of Northern Ireland: Spatialising Consumption and Environmental Impact -- 6.4 Visualising the Impact -- 6.5 Pathways to New Diets -- 6.6 Matrix of Urban Agriculture -- 6.7 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 7: Synergetic Planning and Designing with Urban FEW-Flows: Lessons from Rotterdam -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.1.1 Urban Metabolism -- 7.2 Rotterdam Urban Metabolism, 2014 -- 7.2.1 Project Lay Out -- 7.2.2 Natural Flows and Hybridized Flows -- 7.2.2.1 Biota and Land Use -- 7.2.2.2 Nutrients and Food -- 7.2.2.3 Fresh Water -- 7.2.2.4 Sand and Clay -- 7.2.3 Anthropogenic and Hybridized Flows -- 7.2.3.1 People -- 7.2.3.2 Goods -- 7.2.3.3 Air -- 7.2.3.4 Energy -- 7.2.3.5 Waste -- 7.2.4 Strategies & -- Application -- 7.2.4.1 Aquafarming -- 7.2.4.2 Biobased Materials -- 7.2.4.3 Urban -- 7.3 Reflection & -- New Insights -- 7.4 A Step by Step Approach -- 7.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 8: Le Fouture de Groningen. , Towards Transformational Food-Positive Landscapes -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Le Fouture, a Toukomst for Groningen -- 8.2.1 Analysis of Policy Plans -- 8.2.1.1 The Origin of Le Fouture -- 8.2.2 Analysis of People's Ideas -- 8.2.3 The Groningen Paradox: Change While Everything Stays the Same -- 8.3 Transforming Towards Food Positive Landscapes -- 8.3.1 Emergent Landscape: ReitdiepValley -- 8.3.2 Foodscape Groningen -- 8.4 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 9: Mapping the FEW-Nexus Across Cascading Scales: Contexts for Detroit from Region to City -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 FEW as a Matter of Scale -- 9.3 Ecosystems Scale: The Great Lakes Megaregion -- 9.3.1 Industrialized Food Systems in the GLM -- 9.3.2 GLM Energy Systems and Renewable Energy Potential -- 9.3.3 Great Lakes Basin: Linked Freshwater Hydrology in the Megaregion -- 9.3.4 The GLM's Urban Futures in the Context of Climate Change -- 9.4 Jurisdictional Scale: The State of Michigan -- 9.4.1 Michigan Food and Waste Law -- 9.4.2 Michigan's Energy Priorities: Resources, Policies and Production -- 9.4.3 Michigan's Liquid Crises -- 9.5 Operational Scale: The City of Detroit -- 9.5.1 Vacancy and Land -- 9.5.2 Detroit Food Access -- 9.5.3 Renewable Energy in Detroit -- 9.5.4 Water: Scales of Infrastructure and the Legacy of Industry -- 9.6 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 10: Redesigning the Urban Food Life Through the Participatory Living Lab Platform: Practices in Suburban Areas of the Tokyo Metropolitan Region -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Design-Led Approach for Urban Living Labs -- 10.2.1 Key Issues in ULL -- 10.2.2 The Design-Led Approach -- 10.2.3 The Global and Local Context of the Design-Led Approach -- 10.3 Development of the Design-Led Nexus Approach -- 10.3.1 The Design-Led Nexus Approach -- 10.3.2 FEW-Print -- 10.3.3 Engagement of Stakeholders -- 10.4 Implementation of M-NEX Tokyo. , 10.4.1 Context -- 10.4.2 Purpose Setting at the Established ULL -- 10.4.3 FEW-Print in Tokyo -- 10.5 Food Access and FEW-Print in Tama Plaza Area -- 10.5.1 Redesigning Food Life -- 10.5.2 Stakeholder Engagement -- 10.6 Discussion -- 10.6.1 Performance of WLL/M-NEX -- 10.6.2 Performance of Tools -- 10.6.3 Participants as Actors -- 10.6.4 Scaling Up to Urban Policy -- 10.7 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 11: The Regenerative City: Positive Opportunities of Coupling Urban Energy Transition with Added Values to People and Environment -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.1.1 Our Vulnerability -- 11.1.2 New Approaches -- 11.1.3 The Need of a Nexus Approach -- 11.2 Climate Action -- 11.2.1 Carbon Shares -- 11.2.2 Climate Action -- 11.3 Energy Transition -- 11.3.1 Terminology -- 11.3.2 Regenerative -- 11.3.3 Renewable Energy Potentials -- 11.3.4 Temperature Levels -- 11.3.5 Alternative Routes -- 11.3.6 LT Instead of HT Heat Sources -- 11.3.7 Roadmap -- 11.4 Adding Value to Energy Transition -- 11.4.1 Liveability at Risk -- 11.4.2 Finding Added Value -- 11.4.3 Aquathermia -- 11.4.4 Circular Buildings -- 11.5 Food in the Energy Transition -- 11.5.1 The Energy of Food -- 11.5.2 Symbiosis in Supply and Demand -- 11.5.3 Vertical Farming and the Urban Energy System -- 11.6 Conclusion -- 11.6.1 From Vulnerable to Regenerative -- 11.6.2 Synergy and Added Value -- 11.6.3 Emphasising the Benefits -- 11.6.4 The New Role of Food -- References -- Chapter 12: Pig Farming vs. Solar Farming: Exploring Novel Opportunities for the Energy Transition -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Materials and Method -- 12.2.1 Sharing Waste Flows -- 12.2.2 Urban Livestock Farming -- 12.2.3 Import, Export and Carbon Footprint of Pork -- 12.2.4 Kattenburg, Amsterdam -- 12.2.5 Scenarios -- 12.2.6 Scope -- 12.2.7 Functional Units -- 12.2.8 Kattenburg Farming System -- 12.2.8.1 Feed Station. , 12.2.8.2 Farming Station -- 12.2.8.3 Waste Station -- 12.2.9 Solar Farm -- 12.2.9.1 PV Panel Configuration: Two Options -- 12.2.9.2 Electrical Output -- 12.3 Results -- 12.3.1 Green Gas Production -- 12.3.2 Energy Yield per Square Meter -- 12.3.3 Avoided Carbon Emissions -- 12.4 Discussion -- 12.4.1 Limitations and Assumptions -- 12.4.2 Outlook -- 12.4.3 Alternative System Design -- 12.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 13: Proposal for a Database of Food-Energy-Water-Nexus Projects -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 The Logic Behind the FEW-Database -- 13.2.1 Description -- 13.2.2 Previous Surveys -- 13.2.3 Measuring Research Versus Practice -- 13.2.4 The Importance of Cities and FEW -- 13.2.5 On Economics -- 13.3 Case Studies -- 13.3.1 Jones Food Company (Typology: 'Black Box' Urban Facility) -- 13.3.2 Gotham Greens (Typology: Local, Large Scale Urban Farm) -- 13.3.3 ReGen Villages (Typology: The Urban-Rural Idyll) -- 13.3.4 VAC-Library (Typology: Local Re-interpretation) -- 13.3.5 Biggleswade (Typology: Integrated and Locally Oriented Large-Scale Project) -- 13.4 Conclusions -- Appendix -- References -- Chapter 14: Linking Urban Food Systems and Environmental Sustainability for Resilience of Cities: The Case of Tokyo -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 State of Food Self-Sufficiency of Japan -- 14.3 State of Food Self-Sufficiency of Tokyo -- 14.4 Risk to Food Security in Tokyo -- 14.4.1 Threats of Natural Hazards -- 14.4.2 Potential Effects of Aging Population and Fast-Aging Agricultural Labor Force on Food Security in Tokyo -- 14.5 Environmental Footprint of Tokyo's Food Supply System -- 14.6 Strengthening Local Production and Local Consumption Movement for Resilient Urban Food System -- 14.7 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 15: TransFEWmotion: Designing Urban Metabolism as an M-NEX -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 The Nexus in Motion. , 15.3 Research in Motion.