Note: Intro -- Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- About the Author -- Introduction -- 1 Create Space for Climate -- 1.1 Climate Change -- 1.2 The Dutch Approach -- 1.2.1 Dutch Climate Scenarios -- 1.2.2 The Dutch Adaptation Strategy -- 1.2.2.1 Economic Driver -- 1.2.2.2 Three Demands for a Climate Proof Lay Out -- 1.2.2.3 Risk Management and Natural Processes -- 1.2.2.4 Spatial Tasks -- 1.2.2.5 Important Issues -- 1.2.2.6 Ambition of the Dutch Strategy -- 1.2.3 The Dutch Adaptation Agenda -- 1.3 The British Approach -- 1.3.1 UK-Climate Scenarios -- 1.3.2 Risk Management -- 1.3.3 Social and Cultural Scenarios -- 1.3.4 Built Environment -- 1.3.5 Urban Water Management -- 1.3.6 Energy Supply -- 1.3.7 Other Research Themes -- 1.3.8 Conclusion -- 1.4 Spanish Approach -- 1.4.1 PNACC -- 1.4.2 Implementation Through Work Programmes -- 1.4.2.1 Coastal Areas -- 1.4.2.2 Water Resources -- 1.4.2.3 Biodiversity -- 1.4.3 Spatial Planning and Construction -- 1.4.4 Accents in the Spanish Adaptation Strategy -- 1.5 Climate Adaptation Strategy of Denmark -- 1.5.1 Objective of the Adaptation Strategy -- 1.5.2 Sectors that May be Affected by Climate Change -- 1.5.3 Cross-Cutting Initiatives -- 1.5.3.1 Targeted Information Efforts -- 1.5.3.2 Research Strategy -- 1.5.3.3 Future Organisation -- 1.5.4 Spatial Planning -- 1.5.5 Character of the Danish Approach -- 1.6 Wise Adaptation to Climate Change, Japan -- 1.6.1 Impacts of Climate Change in Japan -- 1.6.2 Wise Adaptation -- 1.6.3 Future Challenges -- 1.6.4 The Japanese Approach -- 1.7 Finland -- 1.7.1 The Impact of and Adaptation Measures to Climate Change in Different Sectors -- 1.7.2 Cross-Sectoral Issues -- 1.7.2.1 Development of Administrative Capacities -- 1.7.2.2 Observation and Warning Systems -- 1.7.2.3 Research and Development -- 1.7.2.4 Education and Communication -- 1.7.3 The Finnish Strategy. , 1.8 Comparison of Strategies -- 1.9 Conclusions -- References -- Website: -- 2 Design Adaptation to Climate Change -- 2.1 Design of a Climate Proof Netherlands -- 2.2 The Role of Spatial Planning -- 2.3 An Innovative Approach -- 2.4 Climate Atlases -- 2.4.1 First Results -- 2.4.1.1 Temperature -- 2.5 Development of Design Principles -- 2.5.1 Meaning for Nature and Agriculture -- 2.5.2 Meaning for Spatial Patterns -- 2.5.3 Time -- 2.6 The Groningen Case -- 2.6.1 Starting Point Groningen: Two Scenarios -- 2.6.2 Knowledge of Climate -- 2.6.2.1 Precipitation -- 2.6.2.2 Sea Level Rise -- 2.7 Consequences for Different Functions -- 2.7.1 Nature and Agriculture -- 2.7.2 An Offensive Coastal Defence -- 2.7.3 Urban Developments -- 2.8 Idea-Map Climate Adapted Groningen -- 2.9 Chinese Demonstration Projects -- 2.9.1 The Longhu Project, Chongqing -- 2.9.1.1 Climate Change Effects -- 2.9.1.2 Analysis of the Site -- 2.9.1.3 Aim -- 2.9.1.4 Water-Bodies -- 2.9.1.5 Natural Ventilation -- 2.9.1.6 Biodiversity -- 2.9.1.7 The Elements: How and Where Positioned -- 2.9.1.8 Models -- 2.9.1.9 Integrated Water System -- 2.9.1.10 An Integral Model: Rough Zoning Plan -- 2.9.2 Yu'an and Anjing in Yunyan District, Guiyang -- 2.9.2.1 Climate Change Effects -- 2.9.2.2 Aim -- 2.9.2.3 Analysis -- 2.9.2.4 Rainwater Approach -- 2.9.2.5 Fit in the Site -- 2.9.2.6 The 'Cake': Concentrating Building Densities -- 2.9.3 Vanke's Stream Valley, Shenzhen -- 2.9.3.1 Climate Change Effects -- 2.9.3.2 Aims -- 2.9.3.3 A Short History of Stream Valley -- 2.9.3.4 Ecology -- 2.9.3.5 Water System -- 2.9.3.6 Conceptual Suggestions -- 2.9.4 Chinese Experience -- 2.10 Chances of a Design Approach -- 2.10.1 Implementation -- References -- Websites: -- 3 The Coast -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Dutch Coastal Defence -- 3.2.1 A forever Changing Coastline -- 3.2.2 Dutch Weak Links. , 3.2.3 Integrated Development Perspective for the South Holland Coast -- 3.2.4 ComCoast -- 3.2.5 Land in Sea! -- 3.2.6 Groningen Combinatory of Coastal Defences -- 3.2.7 Attention for Safety -- 3.2.8 The Dutch 'Delta Commission' -- 3.2.8.1 Urgency -- 3.2.8.2 Emerging Problems -- 3.2.8.3 Future Vision -- 3.2.8.4 Short and Mid-Term Measures -- 3.2.8.5 Broad Dikes -- 3.2.9 Synthesis -- 3.3 Hamburg Hafencity -- 3.3.1 Masterplan -- 3.3.2 Dealing with Potential Flooding -- 3.4 Thames Gateway London -- 3.4.1 Thames Estuary 2100 -- 3.4.2 Delivery Plan for the Gateway -- 3.4.3 Element in the Gateway: Thames Barrier -- 3.4.4 A Floating City -- 3.4.5 Three of a Kind -- 3.5 New Orleans -- 3.5.1 Coast 2050 -- 3.5.2 US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) -- 3.5.3 State of Louisiana Master Plan -- 3.5.4 The MIR Project -- 3.6 Conclusion -- References -- Websites: -- 4 Water Management -- 4.1 Water Policies in The Netherlands -- 4.1.1 Risk -- 4.1.2 Water Policy in the 21st Century -- 4.1.3 Dutch National Water Vision -- 4.1.4 Water Safety -- 4.2 SAFER and ELLA Projects -- 4.2.1 ELLA -- 4.2.2 SAFER -- 4.3 Flood Risk -- 4.4 Building a House -- 4.4.1 Type of Water -- 4.4.1.1 Peak Storage -- 4.4.1.2 Seasonal Storage -- 4.4.1.3 Calamity Storage -- 4.4.1.4 High Tides -- 4.4.1.5 Groundwater Annoyance -- 4.4.2 A Japanese Experience -- 4.4.3 Types of Houses -- 4.4.3.1 Wet Proof House -- 4.4.3.2 Dry Proof House -- 4.4.3.3 Shore House -- 4.4.3.4 Column House -- 4.4.3.5 Floating House -- 4.4.3.6 Amphibic House -- 4.4.3.7 The Slight Drainage House -- 4.4.4 Combination of House and Water Typologies -- 4.5 Conclusion -- References -- Websites: -- 5 Ecology -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Directives -- 5.2.1 Bird's Directive -- 5.2.2 Habitat Directive -- 5.3 Natura 2000 -- 5.4 Dutch Spatial-Ecological Concepts -- 5.4.1 Ecological Main Structure -- 5.4.2 National Landscapes. , 5.5 Effects of Climate Change on Nature -- 5.6 Sensitivity -- 5.7 Dilemma: Strict Rules or Flexibility -- 5.8 Adaptation Strategies -- 5.9 The BRANCH Project -- 5.10 Use of BRANCH Principles in Groningen Province -- 5.11 Climate Buffers -- 5.11.1 River Landscape -- 5.11.2 High Parts of the Netherlands (Higher Sand and Hilly Landscapes) -- 5.11.3 Lower Parts of the Netherlands (Lower Peat Landscapes) -- 5.11.4 The Coast, the Wadden and Estuaries (Estuaries and Dunes) -- 5.12 Conclusion -- References -- Websites: -- 6 Energy Potentials -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.1.1 Towards a Sustainable Provision of Energy -- 6.2 Energy in the Future City -- 6.1.2 The Oil Price -- 6.1.3 Predicting the Price of Oil -- 6.1.4 Consequences -- 6.1.5 Capitalisation of Land and Real Estate -- 6.1.6 Implications to Commuters -- 6.1.7 Spatial Solutions -- 6.1.8 Different Energy Resources -- 6.1.9 Sustainable Development -- 6.2 Energy Potential Mapping -- 6.2.1 Background -- 6.2.2 The Methodology of Mapping Energy Potentials -- 6.3 The Local Energy Toolbox -- 6.3.1 Climate and Energy -- 6.3.2 The Sun -- 6.3.3 Electricity -- 6.3.4 Heat -- 6.3.5 Wind -- 6.3.6 Water -- 6.3.7 Biomass and Waste -- 6.3.7.1 Fuel -- 6.3.7.2 Electricity -- 6.3.7.3 Heat -- 6.3.8 The Underground -- 6.3.8.1 The Deep Underground -- 6.3.8.2 The Intermediate Underground -- 6.3.8.3 The Shallow Underground -- 6.3.9 Exchanging and Cascading Heat and Cold -- 6.3.9.1 Exergy -- 6.3.9.2 The Low-Ex Approach -- 6.3.9.3 Tuning Heat and Cold Supply and Demand -- 6.4 Example: Energy Potentials of the Province of Groningen -- 6.4.1 Electricity -- 6.4.2 Heat and Cold -- 6.4.3 CO 2 Capture -- 6.4.4 An Overlay of Potentials -- 6.4.5 Towards a Sustainable Provincial Plan -- 6.4.6 Outcomes of the Groningen POP Study -- 6.5 Conclusions -- 6.5.1 Considerations -- References -- 7 The Urban Environment -- 7.1 Introduction. , 7.2 Occupation Strategy -- 7.3 Precipitation -- 7.3.1 Thames Gateway -- 7.3.2 Urban Flood Management in Dordrecht -- 7.3.3 Zuidplaspolder -- 7.3.4 Building with Water in Haarlemmermeer -- 7.4 Heat in the City -- 7.4.1 Non-physical Heat Effects -- 7.5 Good Practices Guide (UK) -- 7.5.1 The Centre of Bedford -- 7.5.2 Isle of Dogs in the City of London -- 7.5.3 Urban Expansion: Isle of Sheppey -- 7.6 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Websites: -- 8 Landscape 2.0 -- 8.1 In Patagonia -- 8.2 Web 2.0 -- 8.2.1 A New Energy Order? -- 8.2.2 Landscape 2.0 -- 8.3 Challenges of Complexity in Planning -- 8.3.1 A Society in Turbulent Circumstances -- 8.3.2 Internet-Economy: The Turbulence Driver -- 8.3.3 The State of Today's Spatial Planning Practice -- 8.3.4 New Environment for Planning: Small Adjustments Made -- 8.3.5 Increase Resilience -- 8.3.6 Complex Adaptive Systems -- 8.3.7 Typology of Complex Systems -- 8.3.8 Tipping Points -- 8.3.9 A New Design Paradigm, Swarm Planning -- 8.3.9.1 Swarm 'Avant-La-Lettre': The Groninger Museum -- 8.4 The Groningen Case -- 8.4.1 Understanding the System: Mapping Climate and Energy Potentials -- 8.4.2 Improving Resilience: Use of Swarm Planning Paradigm -- 8.4.3 Strategic Interventions: The Groningen Impulses -- 8.4.3.1 Fresh Water Storage in Lauwers Lake -- 8.4.3.2 Kwelderworks Eemsdike -- 8.4.3.3 Blauwe Stad -- 8.4.3.4 Dynamic Coast Fivelboezem -- 8.4.4 Steer the Swarm -- 8.4.5 The Groningen Case Discussed -- 8.4.5.1 Mapping -- 8.4.5.2 Idea Map -- 8.4.5.3 Interventions -- 8.4.5.4 In the Real World -- 8.5 Conclusions -- References -- Conclusion -- The Role of Spatial Planning and Design -- The Chapters Summarised -- Standards Are the Standard -- Adaptation to Climate Change: A Spatial Challenge -- Index.