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  • Articles  (603)
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  • Articles  (603)
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  • 21
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    Synthesis and crystal structure of An(VI) complexes with cyclobutanecarboxylic acid anions and 2,2′-bipyridine [An(VI) = U, Np, Pu] (2018)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2018-03-06
    Description: New complexes of hexavalent U, Np, and Pu of the composition [UO 2 (bipy)(cbc) 2 ] ( I ) and [AnO 2 (bipy)(cbc) 2 ]·0.5(bipy) [An = Np ( II ) and Pu ( III )] with cyclobutanecarboxylic acid anions C 4 H 7 COO – and 2,2′-bipyridine (bipy) were synthesized, and their structures were studied. The An atoms in I–III have the coordination surrounding in the form of distorted hexagonal bipyramids with the О atoms of AnO 2 2+ cations in the apical positions. The equatorial plane of the bipyramids is constituted by the O atoms of two C 4 H 7 COO – anions and N atoms of bipy.
    Print ISSN: 1066-3622
    Electronic ISSN: 1608-3288
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 22
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    Radiolabeling of melatonin using different oxidizing agents for immunoassay purpose (2018)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2018-03-06
    Description: An efficient method was developed for radioiodination of melatonin with 125 I. Chloramine-T and iodogen were used as oxidizing agents. The radioiodination was carried out via electrophilic substitution of the H atom with the I + cation. Indirect iodination using Bolton–Hunter reagent was also performed. The influence exerted on the radiochemical yield by the melatonin concentration, pH of the reaction mixture, type of oxidizing agent, and reaction time was studied. The shelf life and specific activity of the product were determined. The radiochemical yield and product purity were determined by HPLC and paper electrophoresis. The immunoreactivity of the tracer was checked using its specific antibody. Specific and sensitive polyclonal antimelatonin was prepared using two New Zealand rabbits, which were injected with 5-methoxy- N -acetyltryptamine–bovine serum albumin conjugate as immunogen. The tracer prepared by the indirect method with iodogen had high specific activity, high yield, and long shelf life; it was also more selective in the melatonin assessment using radioimmunoassay technique.
    Print ISSN: 1066-3622
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 23
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    Development of a technology for protecting groundwater from 137 Cs on the territory of the BN-350 reactor facility (2018)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2018-03-06
    Description: The ability of clinoptilolite from the Chankanai deposit to take up 137 Cs from groundwater and liquid radioactive waste from the BN-350 reactor facility on the territory of TOO MAEK-Kazatomprom in Kazakhstan was studied. The results of semicommercial tests demonstrate the efficiency of using clinoptilolite as a reagent material of the geochemical barrier for preventing the radionuclide migration into groundwater in case of leakage of tanks for storage of liquid radioactive waste. A design of the geochemical barrier was suggested.
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 24
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    Determination of concentrations of fission products by ICP–AES in solutions from spent nuclear fuel reprocessing (2018)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2018-03-06
    Description: A procedure was developed for determining the gravimetric concentration of U and fission products (Ba, Mo, Zr, Sr, Rb, Pd, and Cd) in solutions from spent nuclear fuel (SNF) reprocessing, using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP–AES). The optimum analysis parameters were found. The analytical lines that are not significantly affected by the matrix element were chosen for the elements being determined. The total margin of error in measurements of the metal concentrations (0.1–2500 mg L –1 ) by the suggested procedure is in the interval 1–20% (for the minimal concentration). The detection thresholds of uranium fission products in model solutions at optimum parameters vary in the interval from 0.020 to 0.1 mg L –1 .
    Print ISSN: 1066-3622
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 25
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    Specific features of decomposition of hydroxamic acids in two-phase nitric acid systems with alcohols and TBP, as applied to 99 Mo stripping (2018)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2018-03-06
    Description: Hydrolysis is the prevalent mechanism of decomposition of benzo- and caprinohydroxamic acids (HAs) in nitric and perchloric acid solutions and in the equilibrium organic phase based on heptanol, decanol, and 30% TBP in С13 paraffin diluent. In the nitric acid system with alcohols, HAs undergo autocatalytic oxidation at temperatures raised over 50°С. In the case of BHA, the process occurs in both phases taken separately and on their mixing. In the case of caprinohydroxamic acid poorly soluble in HNO 3 solutions, the autocatalytic process occurs only at 70–80°С on mixing the phases; it tends to fade as the phase ratio n = О/A is increased from 1 to 10. This trend determines the conditions for Mo stripping in this system. In the practice of the 99 Mo production, the stripping efficiency can be increased by repeated contact with the addition of non-salt complexing agents (H 2 O 2 , H 2 C 2 O 4 , CH 3 CONHOH) into the system.
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 26
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    Oxidation state and coordination surrounding of iron and uranium in sodium aluminum iron phosphate glasses (2018)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2018-03-06
    Description: The oxidation state of Fe and U and the coordination surrounding of Fe in uranium-containing sodium aluminum iron phosphate glasses were determined by analysis of the Fe K and U L 3 X-ray absorption nearedge structure (XANES), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Mössbauer spectroscopy on 57 Fe nuclei. Uranium is present in the glasses in the form of U(V) and U(VI), and iron, in the form of Fe(III) and Fe(II), mainly in the distorted octahedral surrounding. The fraction of U in various oxidation states depends on the form of untroducing uranium (UO 2 or UO 3 ) and on the oxide concentration. With an increase in the UO 3 concentration in glasses, the fraction of U(VI) increases and the fraction Fe(III) relative to Fe(II) decreases.
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 27
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    Reaction of ozone with Np(IV) and Pu(IV) oxalates in water (2018)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2018-03-06
    Description: The reaction of the ozone–oxygen mixture with aqueous suspensions of Np(IV) and Pu(IV) oxalates was studied. Both metal cations and oxalate anions are oxidized in the process. The final products are Np(VI) and Pu(VI) hydroxides. The composition of Np(VI) hydroxide was confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. Oxidation of Np(IV) oxalate with oxygen leads to the accumulation of Np(V) oxalate and oxalic acid in the solution. At incomplete oxidation of Np(IV) oxalate with ozone in water, Np(V) is also accumulated. Heating considerably accelerates the ozonation. The possible reaction mechanism is briefly discussed. The Np(V) and Np(VI) ions participate in the catalytic cycle of the decomposition of oxalate ions with ozone.
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 28
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    Thermal properties of 2,2′-bipyridine-6,6′-dicarboxylic acid bis( N -ethyl-4-hexylanilide), an extractant for radioactive waste components (2018)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2018-03-06
    Description: Thermal properties of 2,2′-bipyridine-6,6′-dicarboxylic acid bis( N -ethyl-4-hexylanilide) (DYP-7) were studied by DSC-TG with the aim of evaluating its fire and explosion hazard. Heating at a rate of 1 K min –1 is accompanied by exothermic effects with the onset temperatures of 202, 312, and 432°С for the initial extractant and 62, 297, and 412°С for the extractant saturated with nitric acid. The presence of extracted nitric acid decreases the self-ignition point of DYP-7 by at least 20°С. The onset temperatures of the exothermic effects tend to increase with increasing heating rate. The extractant thermolysis products characteristic of the exothermic effect with the onset temperature of 202°C were identified by GC-MS. These are the deethylation product, 2,2′-bipyridine-6,6′-dicarboxylic acid N , N ′-bis(4-hexylphenyl)amide, and product of further dearylation/reduction, 6′-formyl- N -(4-hexylphenyl)-2,2′-bipyridine-6-carboxamide.
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 29
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    Thermodynamic modeling of thermal processes involving actinides (U, Am, Pu) in the course of heating radioactive graphite in steam (2018)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2018-03-06
    Description: The behavior of actinides (U, Am, Pu) in the course of combustion of radioactive graphite in steam was studied by thermodynamic modeling. Thermodynamic modeling was performed using TERRA program in the temperature interval from 373 to 3273 K to determine the possible composition of volatile actinide species formed in the course of graphite utilization by heating in steam. The modeling shows that the actinides at high temperatures are present in the following forms: U, as UO 3 and UO 2 vapors and as UO 3 – and UO 2 + ions; Am, as Am vapor; and Pu, as PuO 2 and PuO vapors and as ionized PuO + . The main reactions within separate phases and at the interface were revealed, and their equilibrium constants were determined.
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 30
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    Design, synthesis, 99m Tc labeling, and biological evaluation of a novel pyrrolizine derivative as potential anti-inflammatory agent (2018)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2018-03-06
    Description: The design and synthesis of ethyl 4-(6-amino-7-cyano-2,3-dihydro-1 H -pyrrolizine-5-carboxamido)-benzoate (KH16) were discussed, and its structure was determined. The anti-inflammatory activity of a new compound was evaluated using in vitro cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitory assay. KH16 exhibits higher selectivity to COX-2 than to COX-1 with the selectivity index of 3.46. KH16 was labeled with 99 m Tc with the maximum radiochemical yield of 99 m Tc-KH16 of 90.5 ± 1.5%. Biodistribution of 99 m Tc-KH16 in normal, infected, and inflamed mice was studied. The uptake in inflamed muscle was higher than that in normal muscle throughout the examined time interval. This work is a step ahead in the direction of using pyrrolizine derivatives for site-specific delivery to the inflamed tissue.
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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