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  • 1
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    A global multiproxy database for temperature reconstructions of the Common Era (2017)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  EPIC3Scientific Data, Nature Publishing Group, 4(170088), pp. 1-33, ISSN: 2052-4463
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-07-21
    Beschreibung: Reproducible climate reconstructions of the Common Era (1 CE to present) are key to placing industrial-era warming into the context of natural climatic variability. Here we present a community-sourced database of temperature-sensitive proxy records from the PAGES2k initiative. The database gathers 692 records from 648 locations, including all continental regions and major ocean basins. The records are from trees, ice, sediment, corals, speleothems, documentary evidence, and other archives. They range in length from 50 to 2000 years, with a median of 547 years, while temporal resolution ranges from biweekly to centennial. Nearly half of the proxy time series are significantly correlated with HadCRUT4.2 surface temperature over the period 1850–2014. Global temperature composites show a remarkable degree of coherence between high- and low-resolution archives, with broadly similar patterns across archive types, terrestrial versus marine locations, and screening criteria. The database is suited to investigations of global and regional temperature variability over the Common Era, and is shared in the Linked Paleo Data (LiPD) format, including serializations in Matlab, R and Python.
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
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    Tropical sea surface temperatures for the past four centuries reconstructed from coral archives (2015)
    John Wiley & Sons
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-25
    Beschreibung: © The Author(s), 2015. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Paleoceanography 30 (2015): 226–252, doi:10.1002/2014PA002717.
    Beschreibung: Most annually resolved climate reconstructions of the Common Era are based on terrestrial data, making it a challenge to independently assess how recent climate changes have affected the oceans. Here as part of the Past Global Changes Ocean2K project, we present four regionally calibrated and validated reconstructions of sea surface temperatures in the tropics, based on 57 published and publicly archived marine paleoclimate data sets derived exclusively from tropical coral archives. Validation exercises suggest that our reconstructions are interpretable for much of the past 400 years, depending on the availability of paleoclimate data within, and the reconstruction validation statistics for, each target region. Analysis of the trends in the data suggests that the Indian, western Pacific, and western Atlantic Ocean regions were cooling until modern warming began around the 1830s. The early 1800s were an exceptionally cool period in the Indo-Pacific region, likely due to multiple large tropical volcanic eruptions occurring in the early nineteenth century. Decadal-scale variability is a quasi-persistent feature of all basins. Twentieth century warming associated with greenhouse gas emissions is apparent in the Indian, West Pacific, and western Atlantic Oceans, but we find no evidence that either natural or anthropogenic forcings have altered El Niño–Southern Oscillation-related variance in tropical sea surface temperatures. Our marine-based regional paleoclimate reconstructions serve as benchmarks against which terrestrial reconstructions as well as climate model simulations can be compared and as a basis for studying the processes by which the tropical oceans mediate climate variability and change.
    Beschreibung: J.E.T. and K.J.A. acknowledge Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution for internal support. K.J.A. acknowledges the Frank and Lisina Hoch Endowed Fund at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution for support. N.J.A. is supported by an Australian Research Council QEII fellowship (DP110101161), and this research contributes to ARC Discovery Grant DP140102059. M.N.E. is supported by NSF/ATM0902794 and NSF/ATM0902715. J.Z. was supported by an Indian Ocean Marine Research Centre fellowship and an Honorary Research Fellowship by the University of the Witwatersrand. H.C.W. is supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft through DFG-Research Center/Cluster of Excellence “The Ocean in the Earth System” at the University of Bremen (MARUM Fellowship). C.G. acknowledges MARUM–Center for Marine Environmental Sciences for internal support. K.H.K. is supported by NOAA grant NA11OAR4310171.
    Schlagwort(e): Climate reconstruction ; Corals ; Paleoceanography ; Last millennium climate
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Materialart: Article
    Format: application/msword
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 3
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    The PMIP4 contribution to CMIP6 – Part 3: The last millennium, scientific objective, and experimental design for the PMIP4 past1000 simulations (2017)
    Copernicus Publications (EGU)
    In:  Geoscientific Model Development, 10 (11). pp. 4005-4033.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-02-06
    Beschreibung: The pre-industrial millennium is among the periods selected by the Paleoclimate Model Intercomparison Project (PMIP) for experiments contributing to the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) and the fourth phase of the PMIP (PMIP4). The past1000 transient simulations serve to investigate the response to (mainly) natural forcing under background conditions not too different from today, and to discriminate between forced and internally generated variability on interannual to centennial timescales. This paper describes the motivation and the experimental set-ups for the PMIP4-CMIP6 past1000 simulations, and discusses the forcing agents orbital, solar, volcanic, and land use/land cover changes, and variations in greenhouse gas concentrations. The past1000 simulations covering the pre-industrial millennium from 850 Common Era (CE) to 1849 CE have to be complemented by historical simulations (1850 to 2014 CE) following the CMIP6 protocol. The external forcings for the past1000 experiments have been adapted to provide a seamless transition across these time periods. Protocols for the past1000 simulations have been divided into three tiers. A default forcing data set has been defined for the Tier 1 (the CMIP6 past1000) experiment. However, the PMIP community has maintained the flexibility to conduct coordinated sensitivity experiments to explore uncertainty in forcing reconstructions as well as parameter uncertainty in dedicated Tier 2 simulations. Additional experiments (Tier 3) are defined to foster collaborative model experiments focusing on the early instrumental period and to extend the temporal range and the scope of the simulations. This paper outlines current and future research foci and common analyses for collaborative work between the PMIP and the observational communities (reconstructions, instrumental data).
    Materialart: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: archive
    DOI: 10.5194/gmd-10-4005-2017
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  • 4
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    Design, synthesis and evaluation of molecularly targeted hypoxia-activated prodrugs (2016)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-03-25
    Beschreibung: Nature Protocols 11, 781 (2016). doi:10.1038/nprot.2016.034 Authors: Liam J O'Connor, Cindy Cazares-Körner, Jaideep Saha, Charles N G Evans, Michael R L Stratford, Ester M Hammond & Stuart J Conway Regions of insufficient oxygen supply—hypoxia—occur in diverse contexts across biology in both healthy and diseased organisms. The difference in the chemical environment between a hypoxic biological system and one with normal oxygen levels provides an opportunity for targeting compound delivery to hypoxic regions by using
    Print ISSN: 1754-2189
    Digitale ISSN: 1750-2799
    Thema: Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft
    Publiziert von Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 5
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    XIAP Regulation by MNK Links MAPK and NF{kappa}B Signaling to Determine an Aggressive Breast Cancer Phenotype (2018)
    The American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-04-03
    Beschreibung: Hyperactivation of the NFκB pathway is a distinct feature of inflammatory breast cancer (IBC), a highly proliferative and lethal disease. Gene expression studies in IBC patient tissue have linked EGFR (EGFR/HER2)-mediated MAPK signaling to NFκB hyperactivity, but the mechanism(s) by which this occurs remain unclear. Here, we report that the X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) plays a central role in linking these two pathways. XIAP overexpression correlated with poor prognoses in breast cancer patients and was frequently observed in untreated IBC patient primary tumors. XIAP drove constitutive NFκB transcriptional activity, which mediated ALDH positivity (a marker of stem-like cells), in vivo tumor growth, and an IBC expression signature in patient-derived IBC cells. Using pathway inhibitors and mathematical models, we defined a new role for the MAPK interacting (Ser/Thr)-kinase (MNK) in enhancing XIAP expression and downstream NFκB signaling. Furthermore, targeted XIAP knockdown and treatment with a MNK inhibitor decreased tumor cell migration in a dorsal skin fold window chamber murine model that allowed for intravital imaging of local tumor growth and migration. Together, our results indicate a novel role for XIAP in the molecular cross-talk between MAPK and NFκB pathways in aggressive tumor growth, which has the potential to be therapeutically exploited.Significance: Signaling by the MNK kinase is essential in inflammatory breast cancer, and it can be targeted to inhibit XIAP–NFκB signaling and the aggressive phenotype of this malignancy. Cancer Res; 78(7); 1726–38. ©2018 AACR.
    Print ISSN: 0008-5472
    Digitale ISSN: 1538-7445
    Thema: Medizin
    Publiziert von The American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
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  • 6
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    Next-generation restoration for sage-grouse: a framework for visualizing local conifer cuts within a landscape context (2017)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    In: Ecosphere
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-07-25
    Beschreibung: The expansion of coniferous trees into sagebrush ecosystems is a major driver of habitat loss and fragmentation, resulting in negative impacts to wildlife. Greater sage-grouse ( Centrocercus urophasianus ) respond directly to conifer expansion through decreased breeding activity, nesting, and overall survival; thus, small amounts of conifer expansion can have significant impacts on sage-grouse habitat and populations. To this end, conservation partners have collaborated across private and public lands to reduce the threat of conifer expansion through targeted removal of conifer trees. Here, we demonstrate the use of the Marxan framework to incorporate important ecosystem attributes in the prioritization of conifer removal within the Oregon range of sage-grouse. We prioritized conifer removal relative to three separate goals: (1) enhancement of existing sage-grouse breeding, nesting, and early brood-rearing habitats; (2) facilitation of sage-grouse movement between breeding and brood-rearing habitats; and (3) improvement of connectivity among sage-grouse priority areas for conservation (PACs). Optimization models successfully identified areas with low conifer canopy cover, high resilience and resistance to wildfire and annual grass invasion, and high bird abundance to enhance sage-grouse habitat. The inclusion of mesic resources resulted in further prioritization of areas that were closer to such resources, but also identified potential pathways that connected breeding habitats to the late brood-rearing habitats associated with mesic areas. Examining areas outside of PACs resulted in the selection of potential corridors to facilitate connectivity; although areas with low conifer cover were selected similarly to the other optimization models, areas with high cover were also chosen to be able to enhance connectivity. Areas identified by optimization models were largely consistent with and overlapped ongoing conifer removal efforts in the Warner Mountains of south-central Oregon. Land ownership of preferential areas selected by models varied with priority goals and followed general ownership patterns of the region, with public lands managed by the Bureau of Land Management and private lands being selected the most. The increased availability of landscape-level datasets and assessment tools in sagebrush ecosystems can reduce the time and cost of both planning and implementation of habitat projects involving conifer removal. Most importantly, incorporating these new datasets and tools can supplement expert-based knowledge to maximize benefits to sagebrush and sage-grouse conservation.
    Digitale ISSN: 2150-8925
    Thema: Energietechnik
    Publiziert von Wiley-Blackwell im Namen von The Ecological Society of America (ESA).
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  • 7
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    Strain engineering of the silicon-vacancy center in diamond (2018)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-05-30
    Beschreibung: Author(s): Srujan Meesala, Young-Ik Sohn, Benjamin Pingault, Linbo Shao, Haig A. Atikian, Jeffrey Holzgrafe, Mustafa Gündoğan, Camille Stavrakas, Alp Sipahigil, Cleaven Chia, Ruffin Evans, Michael J. Burek, Mian Zhang, Lue Wu, Jose L. Pacheco, John Abraham, Edward Bielejec, Mikhail D. Lukin, Mete Atatüre, and Marko Lončar Here, the authors tune the color of light emitted by single-atom imperfections (silicon vacancy color centers) inside a diamond. Such tunable imperfections can be networked together to build a quantum internet, where information can be securely exchanged using the laws of quantum physics. One problem is that all the centers need to emit at precisely the same color or wavelength. The authors overcome this challenge by placing color centers inside a diamond nanostring. By adjusting the tension in the string, atoms are stretched inside the crystal and tune the center to emit photons of a desired wavelength. The tuning method involves bending the string with a force controlled handily with an electrical voltage. A symphony of such tunable diamond strings could serve as the backbone of a future quantum internet. [Phys. Rev. B 97, 205444] Published Tue May 29, 2018
    Schlagwort(e): Surface physics, nanoscale physics, low-dimensional systems
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-3795
    Thema: Physik
    Publiziert von American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 8
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    Genetic variation at MECOM, TERT, JAK2 and HBS1L-MYB predisposes to myeloproliferative neoplasms (2015)
    William Tapper; Amy V. Jones; Robert Kralovics; Ashot S. Harutyunyan; Katerina Zoi; William Leung; Anna L. Godfrey; Paola Guglielmelli; Alison Callaway; Daniel Ward; Paula Aranaz; Helen E. White; Katherine Waghorn; Feng Lin; Andrew Chase; E. Joanna Baxter; Cathy Maclean; Jyoti Nangalia; Edwin Chen; Paul Evans; Michael Short; Andrew Jack; Louise Wallis; David Oscier; Andrew S. Duncombe; Anna Schuh; Adam J. Mead; Michael Griffiths; Joanne Ewing; Rosemary E. Gale; Susanne Schnittger; Torsten Haferlach; Frank Stegelmann; Konstanze Döhner; Harald Grallert; Konstantin Strauch; Toshiko Tanaka; Stefania Bandinelli; Andreas Giannopoulos; Lisa Pieri; Carmela Mannarelli; Heinz Gisslinger; Giovanni Barosi; Mario Cazzola; Andreas Reiter; Claire Harrison; Peter Campbell; Anthony R. Green; Alessandro Vannucchi; Nicholas C.P. Cross
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-04-09
    Beschreibung: Article Somatic mutations drive the clonal proliferation of myeloproliferative neoplasms. Here the authors conduct a genome-wide association study and identify germline variation at multiple loci associated with the development and disease phenotype of these cancers. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms7691 Authors: William Tapper, Amy V. Jones, Robert Kralovics, Ashot S. Harutyunyan, Katerina Zoi, William Leung, Anna L. Godfrey, Paola Guglielmelli, Alison Callaway, Daniel Ward, Paula Aranaz, Helen E. White, Katherine Waghorn, Feng Lin, Andrew Chase, E. Joanna Baxter, Cathy Maclean, Jyoti Nangalia, Edwin Chen, Paul Evans, Michael Short, Andrew Jack, Louise Wallis, David Oscier, Andrew S. Duncombe, Anna Schuh, Adam J. Mead, Michael Griffiths, Joanne Ewing, Rosemary E. Gale, Susanne Schnittger, Torsten Haferlach, Frank Stegelmann, Konstanze Döhner, Harald Grallert, Konstantin Strauch, Toshiko Tanaka, Stefania Bandinelli, Andreas Giannopoulos, Lisa Pieri, Carmela Mannarelli, Heinz Gisslinger, Giovanni Barosi, Mario Cazzola, Andreas Reiter, Claire Harrison, Peter Campbell, Anthony R. Green, Alessandro Vannucchi, Nicholas C.P. Cross
    Digitale ISSN: 2041-1723
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 9
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    Prem Baby Triple P: a randomised controlled trial of enhanced parenting capacity to improve developmental outcomes in preterm infants (2015)
    BioMed Central
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-03-05
    Beschreibung: Background: Very preterm birth (
    Digitale ISSN: 1471-2431
    Thema: Medizin
    Publiziert von BioMed Central
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  • 10
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    Multipath Propagation of Low Frequency Radio Waves Inferred from High Resolution Array Analysis (2015)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-10-03
    Beschreibung: The low frequency radio sky shows the locations of electromagnetic radio sources with a characteristic dilution of precision. Here we report a thorough high resolution analysis of radio waves from low frequency (∼20-150 kHz) radio communication transmitters which are recorded with a small aperture array of radio receivers during the day. It is found that the observed dilution of precision results from the array geometry of the radio receivers, a birefringent wave propagation and the correlated multipath propagation of low frequency radio waves. The influence of the array geometry on the dilution of precision is reduced by taking into account the impulse response of the array. This procedure reveals for the very first time the splitting of one single radio source into two distinct source locations separated by ∼0.2°-1.9° which result from a birefringent wave propagation. The two locations are yet more clearly identified by using the polarity of the modulated wave number vectors of the radio waves. This polarity is also used to quantify the dilution of precision arising from correlated multipath propagation which is discriminated against wave number fluctuations arising from the timing accuracy of the radio receivers. It is found that ∼69% of the wave number variability is of natural origin and ∼31% originates from the timing accuracy of the receivers. The wave number variability from correlated multipath propagation results in a standard deviation ∼2-8% relative to the source location. This compact measurement of correlated multipath propagation is used to characterize the uncertainty of source locations in the radio sky. The identification of correlated multipath propagation strongly suggests the existence of very fast processes acting on time scales 〈1 ms in the D-region ionosphere with physically meaningful effects on low frequency radio wave propagation. This important result has implications for practical applications in that the observed multipath propagation enables the determination of natural limits for the accuracy of navigation and lightning location methods using low frequency radio waves.
    Print ISSN: 0048-6604
    Digitale ISSN: 1944-799X
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Publiziert von Wiley-Blackwell im Namen von American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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