Keywords:
Climatic changes -- South America.
;
Electronic books.
Description / Table of Contents:
This book features overviews and research papers dealing with South American climate variability from the Last Glacial Maximum to the Holocene. It presents an insight into dynamics of the past and provides a work of reference for data-model comparison.
Type of Medium:
Online Resource
Pages:
1 online resource (423 pages)
Edition:
1st ed.
ISBN:
9789048126729
Series Statement:
Developments in Paleoenvironmental Research Series ; v.14
URL:
https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/geomar/detail.action?docID=478064
DDC:
551.60901
Language:
English
Note:
Intro -- Acknowledgments -- Preface -- Contents -- Contributors -- Part I Can We Draw a Robust Picture of Last Glacial Maximum Climate Conditions in South America? -- 1 Moisture Pattern During the Last Glacial Maximum in South America -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Modern Climate -- 1.3 Evidence of Regional Paleoclimatic Changes -- 1.3.1 Northern South America -- 1.3.2 Amazon Basin -- 1.3.3 Southern Brazil -- 1.3.4 Central Andes: Peru, Bolivia and North Chile -- 1.3.5 Central Plains of Argentina -- 1.3.6 Southern South America -- 1.4 Discussion -- 1.5 Conclusion -- References -- 2 Orbital and Millennial-Scale Precipitation Changes in Brazil from Speleothem Records -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Climate Signals Recorded in Brazilian Speleothems -- 2.2.1 Climate Variability in South America Based on 0 18 O in Precipitation -- 2.2.2 Factors Affecting the Isotopic Composition of Dripwaters and Modern Speleothems -- 2.2.3 The Influence of Rainfall Amount on Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca Ratios in Speleothems -- 2.3 Paleoclimatic Changes from Speleothem Records -- 2.3.1 U/Th Chronology of Speleothems -- 2.3.2 Stable Isotope Records -- 2.3.3 Speleothem Growth Intervals -- 2.3.4 Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca Ratios -- 2.4 Discussion -- 2.4.1 Long-Term Paleoclimatic Changes -- 2.4.2 Millennial-Scale Abrupt Changes in Climate -- 2.4.3 Broader Significance of Precipitation Changes Based on Speleothem Records -- 2.5 Conclusions -- References -- 3 Chronologies of the Last Glacial Maximum and its Termination in the Andes (1055S) Based on Surface Exposure Dating -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Geography and Current Climate in the Andes -- 3.3 Surface Exposure Dating -- 3.3.1 Principle -- 3.3.2 Scaling and Systematic Uncertainties -- 3.3.3 Scatter in Exposure Ages and Geomorphological Uncertainties -- 3.4 Chronologies of the LGM.
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3.4.1 Exposure Ages from the Tropical Andes of Peru and Bolivia -- 3.4.1.1 Comparison with Radiocarbon Chronologies -- 3.4.1.2 The Role of Temperature and Precipitation for Glaciation in the Southern Tropical Andes -- 3.4.2 Exposure Ages from the Subtropical Andes -- 3.4.3 Exposure Ages from the Patagonian Andes and Tierra del Fuego -- 3.5 Conclusions -- References -- 4 Vegetation and Fire at the Last Glacial Maximum in Tropical South America -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Methods and Approach -- 4.3 Last Glacial Maximum Pollen-Based Vegetation Reconstructions -- 4.3.1 Andean Records -- 4.3.1.1 Bolivian Altiplano -- 4.3.1.2 Bolivian/Peruvian Cloud Forests -- 4.3.1.3 Colombian Montane Forests -- 4.3.2 Lowland Records -- 4.3.2.1 Amazon Rainforests -- 4.3.2.2 Savanna/Woodland/Thorn-Scrub -- 4.3.2.3 Atlantic Forests and Campos Grasslands of SE Brazil -- 4.4 Model Simulations of Last Glacial Maximum Vegetation -- 4.4.1 Colombia -- 4.4.2 Amazon Basin -- 4.5 Last Glacial Maximum Fires -- 4.6 Implications and Conclusions -- 4.6.1 Last Glacial Maximum Climate -- 4.6.2 Biogeography, Biodiversity, and Carbon Cycling -- References -- 5 Re-evaluation of Climate Change in Lowland Central America During the Last Glacial Maximum Using New Sediment Cores from Lake Petn Itz, Guatemala -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.1.1 The Lake Petán Itzá Scientific Drilling Project (PISDP) -- 5.2 Did Montane and Lowland Regions Experience the Same Degree of Last Glacial Maximum Cooling ? -- 5.2.1 Glaciological Evidence -- 5.2.2 Palynological Evidence -- 5.3 Was the LGM Characterized by Aridity? -- 5.4 Precession as a Long-Term Driver of Precipitation Change in Central America -- 5.5 Short-Term Drivers of Precipitation and Temperature -- 5.6 Conclusions -- References.
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6 Glacial to Holocene Paleoceanographic and Continental Paleoclimate Reconstructions Based on ODP Site 1233/GeoB 3313 Off Southern Chile -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Regional Setting -- 6.3 Material and Methods -- 6.4 Results and Discussion -- 6.4.1 Glacial -- 6.4.1.1 Regional Aspects -- 6.4.1.2 Link to the High Latitudes -- 6.4.1.3 Link to the Tropics -- 6.4.2 Termination 1 -- 6.4.2.1 Regional Aspects -- 6.4.2.2 Link to the High Latitudes -- 6.4.2.3 Link to the Tropics -- 6.4.3 Holocene -- 6.4.3.1 Regional Aspects -- 6.4.3.2 Link to the High Latitudes -- 6.4.3.3 Link to the Tropics -- References -- Part II The High Latitudes-Tropics and Tropics-Tropics Teleconnections over the Last Deglaciation and Last Glacial Maximum -- 7 Teleconnections into South America from the Tropics and Extratropics on Interannual and Intraseasonal Timescales -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Mechanisms of Tropics-Tropics and Tropics-High Latitudes Teleconnections -- 7.2.1 Walker and Hadley Circulation Cells -- 7.2.2 Rossby Wave Propagation -- 7.3 Teleconnections with South America on Interannual Time Scales -- 7.3.1 Southern Hemisphere Observed Interannual Variability -- 7.3.2 El Niño/Southern Oscillation Teleconnections with South America -- 7.3.2.1 Northern South America and the Tropics-Tropics Teleconnection -- 7.3.2.2 Southeastern South America and the Tropics-Extratropics Teleconnection -- 7.3.2.3 Central-East Brazil and the Influence of Regional Processes During the Summer Monsoon -- 7.4 Teleconnections with South America on Intraseasonal Time Scales -- 7.4.1 Southern Hemisphere Observed Intraseasonal Variability -- 7.4.2 Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) -- 7.5 Final Remarks -- References -- 8 South American Climate Variability and Change: Remote and Regional Forcing Processes -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Decomposition of the South American Precipitation Climatology.
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8.3 Regional Forcing of South American Climate Variability -- 8.4 Remote Forcing of South American Climate Variability -- 8.4.1 Sea Surface Temperature Forcing -- 8.4.2 High Latitude Forcing -- 8.4.3 Africa and South America: An Intercontinental Teleconnection -- 8.5 Concluding Remarks -- References -- 9 Sensitivity of South American Tropical Climate to Last Glacial Maximum Boundary Conditions: Focus on Teleconnections with Tropics and Extratropics -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Model Description and Simulated Thermo-Dynamical Structure of the Atmosphere -- 9.2.1 The Model and Experimental Set Up -- 9.2.2 Simulated Pre-industrial (PI) Climate -- 9.3 Response of Tropical South American Climate to Last Glacial Maximum Forcings -- 9.3.1 The Last Glacial Maximum -- 9.3.2 Sensitivity to Last Glacial Maximum Reduced Greenhouse Gases -- 9.3.3 Sensitivity to Last Glacial Maximum Land Ice -- 9.4 Summary and Conclusion -- References -- 10 Similarities and Discrepancies Between Andean Ice Cores Over the Last Deglaciation: Climate Implications -- 10.1 Introduction and Motivations -- 10.2 Isotopic Composition of Andean Ice Cores: A Common LGM to Holocene Signal, Some Discrepancies Along the Deglaciation -- 10.2.1 An Important Caveat About Andean Ice Cores Dating -- 10.2.2 The Glacial-Interglacial Transition as Recorded in the Isotopic Composition of Andean Ice Cores -- 10.2.3 Deglaciation as Recorded in Andean Ice Cores: Deciphering the Greenland and Antarctic Aspects? -- 10.3 Discussion in Terms of Global Climate Mechanisms and Local Climate Influences -- 10.3.1 Influence of Insolation on LGM Precipitation -- 10.3.2 A Mechanism for Wet Southern Tropics and Cold Northern High Latitudes During LGM -- 10.3.3 Is a Climate Reversal Expected in the Isotopic Composition of Andean Ice Cores? -- 10.3.4 The Specificity of Sajama: Local Conditions and/or Pacific Influence?.
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10.4 Conclusions -- References -- Part III Characteristics of the Holocene Climate. Focus on Global Events: Are They Widespread, Comparable and Synchroneous in South America? -- 11 Mid-Holocene Climate of Tropical South America: A Model-Data Approach -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Methodology -- 11.3 Results -- 11.3.1 Present Tropical South America Climate as Simulated by IPSL Model (CTL) -- 11.3.2 ITCZ and ZCAS at the Mid-Holocene -- 11.3.3 Atmospheric Mean and Transient Circulation -- 11.4 Comparison with Paleoclimate Data -- 11.4.1 Precipitation -- 11.4.2 Temperature and Cold Outbreaks -- 11.5 Conclusions -- References -- 12 Millennial-Scale Ecological Changes in Tropical South America Since the Last Glacial Maximum -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Rate-of-Change Analysis -- 12.3 Paleoecological Records -- 12.3.1 Andean vs Western Amazonian Changes -- 12.3.2 Drivers of Change -- 12.3.2.1 Temperature -- 12.3.2.2 Precipitation -- 12.3.2.3 Fire -- 12.3.2.4 Human Disturbance -- 12.4 Overview -- References -- 13 The Nature and Origin of Decadal to Millennial Scale Climate Variability in the Southern Tropics of South America: The Holocene Record of Lago Umayo, Peru -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Precipitation in Tropical South America During the Late Quaternary and its Relationship to Tropical Atlantic Variability -- 13.3 Reconstruction of Holocene Precipitation in the Northern Altiplano, Lago Umayo, Peru -- 13.3.1 Regional Setting of Lago Umayo -- 13.3.2 Methods -- 13.3.3 The Oxygen Isotopic Model -- 13.3.4 Model Results and Validation -- 13.4 Discussion -- 13.5 Conclusions -- References -- 14 Hydrological Variability in South America Below the Tropic of Capricorn (Pampas and Patagonia, Argentina) During the Last 13.0 Ka -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Modern Climate of Southern South America -- 14.3 Paleoclimate Archives.
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14.3.1 Subtropical Latitudes: Pampean Plains.
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