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  • 1
    Keywords: Artificial intelligence-Design and construction. ; Electronic books.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (667 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9783031208683
    Series Statement: Lecture Notes in Computer Science Series ; v.13631
    DDC: 006.3
    Language: English
    Note: Intro -- Preface -- Organization -- Contents - Part III -- Recommender System -- Mixture of Graph Enhanced Expert Networks for Multi-task Recommendation -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Proposed Method -- 2.1 Deep Interaction Context Exploitation with Multi-channel Graph Neural Network -- 2.2 Graph Enhanced Expert Network -- 2.3 Model Learning -- 2.4 Discussion -- 3 Experiments -- 3.1 Performance Comparison (RQ1) -- 3.2 Effect of the MGNN Module -- 3.3 Study of MoGENet -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- MF-TagRec: Multi-feature Fused Tag Recommendation for GitHub -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Work -- 2.1 Tag Recommendation -- 2.2 Tag Recommendation in Open-Source Communities -- 3 Method -- 3.1 Problem Formulation -- 3.2 Overview of MF-TagRec -- 3.3 CNN for Tag Prediction -- 3.4 Network Training Process -- 4 Experiments -- 4.1 Experimental Dataset -- 4.2 Evaluation Metrics -- 4.3 Experimental Settings -- 4.4 Experimental Results -- 5 Conclusions and Future Work -- References -- Co-contrastive Learning for Multi-behavior Recommendation -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Preliminaries -- 3 Methodology -- 3.1 Interactive View Encoder -- 3.2 Fold View Encoder -- 3.3 Divergence Constraint -- 3.4 Co-contrastive Learning -- 3.5 Efficient Joint Learning Without Sampling -- 4 Experiments -- 4.1 Datasets -- 4.2 Compared Models -- 4.3 Experimental Settings -- 4.4 Performance Comparison -- 4.5 Effectiveness Analysis on Data Sparsity Issue -- 4.6 Ablation Study -- 4.7 Parameter Sensitivity Analysis -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Pattern Matching and Information-Aware Between Reviews and Ratings for Recommendation -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Work -- 3 The Proposed MIAN Model -- 3.1 Global Matching Module -- 3.2 Specific Matching Module -- 3.3 Information-Aware Layer -- 3.4 Interaction Aggregation Layer -- 3.5 Joint Learning of Review Matching and Rating Prediction. , 4 Experiments -- 4.1 Experimental Settings -- 4.2 Overall Performance (RQ1) -- 4.3 Ablation Experimental Study (RQ2) -- 4.4 Case Study (RQ3) -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Cross-View Contrastive Learning for Knowledge-Aware Session-Based Recommendation -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Notations and Problem Statement -- 3 Method -- 3.1 View Generation -- 3.2 Dual-channel Graph View Encoder -- 3.3 Contrastive Learning and Recommendation -- 4 Experiments -- 4.1 Experimental Settings -- 4.2 Over Performance -- 4.3 Model Ablation Study -- 4.4 Handling Different Session Lengths -- 4.5 Hyperparameter Study -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Reinforcement Learning -- HiSA: Facilitating Efficient Multi-Agent Coordination and Cooperation by Hierarchical Policy with Shared Attention -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Preliminaries and Related Work -- 2.1 Communicative Decentralized Partially Observable Markov Decision Process -- 2.2 Communicative Methods in MAS -- 2.3 Attention Mechanism -- 2.4 Hierarchical Policy with Attention -- 3 Method -- 3.1 Shared Attention Map for Communication -- 3.2 Hierarchical Structure with Shared Attention Mechanism -- 3.3 HiSA for Multi-agent Reinforcement Learning -- 4 Experiments -- 4.1 Experimental Setup -- 4.2 Experiments on the StarCraft Multi-Agent Challenge -- 4.3 Experiments on the Overcooked -- 5 Summary and Outlook -- References -- DDMA: Discrepancy-Driven Multi-agent Reinforcement Learning -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Work -- 3 Preliminary -- 3.1 Partially Observable Stochastic Game -- 3.2 Reinforcement Learning -- 4 Method -- 4.1 Initialization of the Multi-agent Policy -- 4.2 Focused Learning of the Multi-agent Policy -- 4.3 Training -- 5 Experiments -- 5.1 Collision Corridor -- 5.2 MPE Scenarios -- 5.3 Ablation Study -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- PRAG: Periodic Regularized Action Gradient for Efficient Continuous Control. , 1 Introduction -- 2 Background -- 3 From TD-Error to Action Gradient Error -- 3.1 TD-Error and TD-Learning -- 3.2 Action Gradient Error and Action Gradient Regularizer -- 3.3 Periodic Regularized Action Gradient Algorithm -- 4 Experiment -- 4.1 Overall Performance -- 4.2 Ablation Study -- 4.3 Parameter Study -- 5 Related Work -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Identifying Multiple Influential Nodes for Complex Networks Based on Multi-agent Deep Reinforcement Learning -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Problem Formulation -- 3 Multi-agent Identification Framework -- 3.1 General Framework of MAIF -- 3.2 Framework Elements -- 3.3 Independent Actor-Critic Model -- 3.4 Counterfactual Multi-agent (COMA) Policy Gradients and Gate Recurrent Unit (GRU) Network -- 4 Experimental Preliminaries -- 4.1 Dataset -- 4.2 Comparison Method -- 4.3 Susceptible-Infected-Recovered (SIR) Model -- 5 Experimental Results -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Online Learning in Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma to Mimic Human Behavior -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Work -- 3 Background -- 4 Experimental Setup -- 4.1 Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma (IPD) -- 4.2 Behavioral Cloning with Demonstration Rewards -- 4.3 Online Learning Agents -- 5 Results: Algorithms' Tournament -- 5.1 Multi-agent Tournament -- 6 Behavioral Cloning with Human Data -- 7 Clinical Evidences and Implications -- 8 Discussion -- 9 Conclusion -- References -- Optimizing Exploration-Exploitation Trade-off in Continuous Action Spaces via Q-ensemble -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Work -- 3 Preliminaries -- 4 Proposed Method -- 4.1 Ensemble-Based Exploration Strategy -- 4.2 Selective Repeat Update -- 5 Experiments -- 5.1 Parameter Settings -- 5.2 Comparative Evaluation -- 5.3 Ablation Study -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Hidden Information General Game Playing with Deep Learning and Search -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Background. , 2.1 General Game Playing -- 2.2 Generalised AlphaZero -- 2.3 Recursive Belief-Based Learning -- 3 Method -- 3.1 Propositional Networks for GDL-II -- 3.2 Sampling GDL-II States -- 3.3 CFR Search -- 3.4 Reinforcement Learning -- 4 Experiments -- 4.1 Evaluation Methodology -- 4.2 Results and Discussion -- 5 Conclusion and Future Work -- References -- Sequential Decision Making with ``Sequential Information'' in Deep Reinforcement Learning -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Work -- 3 Background -- 3.1 Deep Reinforcement Learning -- 3.2 Depthwise Separable Convolution -- 3.3 3D Temporal Convolution -- 4 Temporal Aggregation Network in DRL -- 5 Experiments -- 5.1 Experimental Setup -- 5.2 Results Analysis -- 6 Conclusion and Future Work -- References -- Two-Stream Communication-Efficient Federated Pruning Network -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Proposed Method -- 2.1 Preliminary -- 2.2 Downstream Compression via DRL Agent -- 2.3 Upstream Compression Based on Proximal Operator -- 3 Experimental Setup and Results -- 3.1 Compared Methods -- 3.2 Datasets and Simulation Settings -- 3.3 Experiment Results -- 3.4 Ablation Study -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Strong General AI -- Multi-scale Lightweight Neural Network for Real-Time Object Detection -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Works -- 3 Methodology -- 3.1 Network Architecture -- 3.2 Fast Down-Sampling Module -- 3.3 Reduced Computational Block -- 3.4 Detection Part -- 4 Experiments -- 4.1 Experiments Setup -- 4.2 Results -- 4.3 Ablation Study -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Hyperspectral Image Classification Based on Transformer and Generative Adversarial Network -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Works -- 2.1 Superpixelwise PCA -- 2.2 Auxiliary Classifier GANs -- 3 Proposed Method -- 3.1 The Framework of the Proposed SPCA-TransGAN -- 3.2 The Network Framework of Generator. , 3.3 The Network Framework of Multi-scale Discriminator -- 4 Experimental Results and Analysis -- 4.1 DataSets -- 4.2 Classification Results on Two Data Sets -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Deliberation Selector for Knowledge-Grounded Conversation Generation -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Work -- 3 Approach -- 3.1 Problem Statement -- 3.2 Model Description -- 4 Experiments -- 4.1 Datasets -- 4.2 Evaluation Metrics -- 4.3 Baselines -- 4.4 Supplementary Details -- 4.5 Experimental Results -- 4.6 Ablation Test -- 4.7 Case Study -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Training a Lightweight ViT Network for Image Retrieval -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methodology -- 2.1 Knowledge Distillation with Relaxed Contrastive Loss -- 2.2 Quantized Heterogeneous Knowledge Distillation -- 2.3 Distillation Heterogeneous Quantization for Multi-exit Networks -- 3 Experiments -- 3.1 Experimental Setup -- 3.2 Comprehensive Comparison Results -- 3.3 Analysis of Distillation Quantization of Multi-exit Networks -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Vision and Perception -- Segmented-Original Image Pairs to Facilitate Feature Extraction in Deep Learning Models -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Method -- 2.1 Datasets -- 2.2 Segmented-Original Image Pair Training Method -- 3 Experiments -- 3.1 Segmentation Algorithm -- 3.2 Classification Tasks -- 3.3 Unsupervised Learning Tasks -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- FusionSeg: Motion Segmentation by Jointly Exploiting Frames and Events -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Work -- 2.1 Motion Segmentation -- 2.2 Visual Transformer -- 3 Methodology -- 3.1 Input Representation -- 3.2 Network Architecture -- 3.3 Feature Fusion Method -- 3.4 Multi-Object Association -- 3.5 Feature Matching and Propagation -- 4 Experiment and Results -- 4.1 Implementation Details -- 4.2 Overview of Datasets -- 4.3 Discussion of Results -- 5 Conclusions and Future Work -- References. , Weakly-Supervised Temporal Action Localization with Multi-Head Cross-Modal Attention.
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  • 2
    Keywords: Artificial intelligence. ; Electronic books.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (616 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9783031208621
    Series Statement: Lecture Notes in Computer Science Series ; v.13629
    DDC: 006.3
    Language: English
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  • 3
    Keywords: Artificial intelligence. ; Electronic books.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (562 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9783031208652
    Series Statement: Lecture Notes in Computer Science Series ; v.13630
    DDC: 006.3
    Language: English
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Acetylcholine release stimulated by nicotinic agonists was measured as radioactivity released from perfused synaptosomes prepared from mouse interpeduncular nucleus (IPN) that had been loaded with [3H]choline. Agonist-stimulated release was dependent upon external calcium and over 90% of released radioactivity was acetylcholine. The release process was characterized by dose response curves for 13 agonists and inhibition curves for six antagonists. α-Conotoxin MII did not inhibit this release, while α-conotoxin AuIB inhibited 50% of agonist-stimulated release. Comparison of this process with [3H]dopamine release from mouse striatal synaptosomes indicated that different forms of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) may mediate these processes. This was confirmed by assays using mice homozygous for the β2 subunit null mutation. The deletion of the β2 subunit had no effect on agonist-stimulated acetylcholine release, but abolished agonist-stimulated release of dopamine from striatal synaptosomes. Mice heterozygous for the β2 subunit null mutation showed decreased dopamine release evoked by l-nicotine with no apparent change in EC50 value, as well as similar decreases in both transient and persistent phases of release with no changes in desensitization rates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature medicine 7 (2001), S. 655-656 
    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Cancer is one of the most feared diseases in modern society. Approximately 50% of cancer patients die because the initial tumor becomes metastatic, spreading beyond the site of origin. Studies have demonstrated a positive correlation between cancer progression and expression of extracellular ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] We screened cDNAs with homology to conserved regions in matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) genes (Fig. 1 legend) and iso-lated a unique 3.4-kilobase (kb) cDNA fragment (MMP-X1) from a human placenta cDNA library. This cDNA encodes a unique protein of 582 amino acids (Mr 66K) which can be closely ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Annals of biomedical engineering 27 (1999), S. 298-312 
    ISSN: 1573-9686
    Keywords: In vivo ; Incipient cell rolling ; Transient contact ; Drag force ; Modeling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract The mechanics of leukocyte [white blood cell (WBC)] deformation and adhesion to endothelial cells (EC) in shear flow has been investigated. Experimental data on transient WBC–EC adhesion were obtained from in vivo measurements. Microscopic images of WBC–EC contact during incipient WBC rolling revealed that for a given wall shear stress, the contact area increases with time as new bonds are formed at the leading edge, and then decreases with time as the trailing edge of the WBC membrane peels away from the EC. A two-dimensional model (2D) was developed consisting of an elastic ring adhered to a surface under fluid stresses. This ring represents an actin-rich WBC cortical layer and contains an incompressible fluid as the cell interior. All molecular bonds are modeled as elastic springs distributed in the WBC–EC contact region. Variations of the proportionality between wall shear stress (τ w ) in the vicinity of the WBC and the resulting drag force (F s ), i.e., Fs/τw, reveal its decrease with WBC deformation and increasing vessel channel height (2D). The computations also find that the peeling zone between adherent WBC and EC may account for less than 5% of the total contact interface. Computational studies describe the WBC–EC adhesion and the extent of WBC deformation during the adhesive process. © 1999 Biomedical Engineering Society. PAC99: 8717-d, 8719Tt, 8717Aa
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Annals of biomedical engineering 26 (1998), S. 190-199 
    ISSN: 1573-9686
    Keywords: Particle residence time ; In vitro model ; Artery: carotid ; Artery: coronary ; Stenosis ; Particle motion ; Model ; Artery: stenosed
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Asymmetric 75% and 95% area reduction, transparent Sylgard stenotic models were operated under internal carotid artery (ICA) (Womersley parameter, α=5.36, Remean=213 and 180, respectively, and Repeak=734 and 410, respectively) and left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) flow wave forms (α=2.65,Remean=59 and 57, respectively, and Repeak=137 and 94, respectively) to evaluate the effect of these conditions on particle residence times downstream of the stenoses. Amberlite particles (1.05 g/cm3, 400 μm) were added to the fluid to simulate platelets and their motion through the stenotic region and were traced using a laser light sheet flow visualization method with pseudo-color display. Two-dimensional (2D) particle motions were recorded and particle washout in the stenotic throat and downstream section were computed for all cases. All four model cases demonstrated jetting through the stenosis which followed an arching pattern around a large separation zone downstream. Considerable mixing was observed within these vortex regions during high flow phases. Particle washout profiles showed no clear trend between the degrees of stenosis although particles downstream of the stenoses tended to remain longer for LAD conditions. The critical washout cycle (1% of particles remaining downstream of the stenosis), however, was longer for the 95% stenoses cases under each flow condition due to the larger protected region immediately downstream and maximal for the LAD 95% case. Results of this study suggest that particle residence times downstream of 75% and 95% stenoses (~ 3–6 s for ICA and ~ 8–10 s for LAD) exceed the minimum time for platelet adhesion (~ 1 s) for at least 1% of cells and, thus, may be sufficient to initiate thrombus formation under resting conditions. © 1998 Biomedical Engineering Society. PAC98: 8745Hw, 8722-q, 4727Wg, 4732Cc
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2021-06-07
    Description: The Last Interglacial period (LIG) is a period with increased summer insolation at high northern latitudes, which results in strong changes in the terrestrial and marine cryosphere. Understanding the mechanisms for this response via climate modelling and comparing the models' representation of climate reconstructions is one of the objectives set up by the Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project for its contribution to the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project. Here we analyse the results from 16 climate models in terms of Arctic sea ice. The multi-model mean reduction in minimum sea ice area from the pre industrial period (PI) to the LIG reaches 50 % (multi-model mean LIG area is 3.20×106 km2, compared to 6.46×106 km2 for the PI). On the other hand, there is little change for the maximum sea ice area (which is 15–16×106 km2 for both the PI and the LIG. To evaluate the model results we synthesise LIG sea ice data from marine cores collected in the Arctic Ocean, Nordic Seas and northern North Atlantic. The reconstructions for the northern North Atlantic show year-round ice-free conditions, and most models yield results in agreement with these reconstructions. Model–data disagreement appear for the sites in the Nordic Seas close to Greenland and at the edge of the Arctic Ocean. The northernmost site with good chronology, for which a sea ice concentration larger than 75 % is reconstructed even in summer, discriminates those models which simulate too little sea ice. However, the remaining models appear to simulate too much sea ice over the two sites south of the northernmost one, for which the reconstructed sea ice cover is seasonal. Hence models either underestimate or overestimate sea ice cover for the LIG, and their bias does not appear to be related to their bias for the pre-industrial period. Drivers for the inter-model differences are different phasing of the up and down short-wave anomalies over the Arctic Ocean, which are associated with differences in model albedo; possible cloud property differences, in terms of optical depth; and LIG ocean circulation changes which occur for some, but not all, LIG simulations. Finally, we note that inter-comparisons between the LIG simulations and simulations for future climate with moderate (1 % yr−1) CO2 increase show a relationship between LIG sea ice and sea ice simulated under CO2 increase around the years of doubling CO2. The LIG may therefore yield insight into likely 21st century Arctic sea ice changes using these LIG simulations.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2021-07-01
    Description: The modeling of paleoclimate, using physically based tools, is increasingly seen as a strong out-of-sample test of the models that are used for the projection of future climate changes. New to the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) is the Tier 1 Last Interglacial experiment for 127 000 years ago (lig127k), designed to address the climate responses to stronger orbital forcing than the midHolocene experiment, using the same state-of-the-art models as for the future and following a common experimental protocol. Here we present a first analysis of a multi-model ensemble of 17 climate models, all of which have completed the CMIP6 DECK (Diagnostic, Evaluation and Characterization of Klima) experiments. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) of these models varies from 1.8 to 5.6 ∘C. The seasonal character of the insolation anomalies results in strong summer warming over the Northern Hemisphere continents in the lig127k ensemble as compared to the CMIP6 piControl and much-reduced minimum sea ice in the Arctic. The multi-model results indicate enhanced summer monsoonal precipitation in the Northern Hemisphere and reductions in the Southern Hemisphere. These responses are greater in the lig127k than the CMIP6 midHolocene simulations as expected from the larger insolation anomalies at 127 than 6 ka. New synthesis for surface temperature and precipitation, targeted for 127 ka, have been developed for comparison to the multi-model ensemble. The lig127k model ensemble and data reconstructions are in good agreement for summer temperature anomalies over Canada, Scandinavia, and the North Atlantic and for precipitation over the Northern Hemisphere continents. The model–data comparisons and mismatches point to further study of the sensitivity of the simulations to uncertainties in the boundary conditions and of the uncertainties and sparse coverage in current proxy reconstructions. The CMIP6–Paleoclimate Modeling Intercomparison Project (PMIP4) lig127k simulations, in combination with the proxy record, improve our confidence in future projections of monsoons, surface temperature, and Arctic sea ice, thus providing a key target for model evaluation and optimization.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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