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  • 2020-2024  (20)
  • 2010-2014  (159)
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  • 1
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    Roles of marginal seas in absorbing and storing fossil fuel CO2 (2011)
    Royal Society of Chemistry
    In:  Energy & Environmental Science, 4 (4). pp. 1133-1146.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-01-22
    Beschreibung: We review data on the absorption of anthropogenic CO2 by Northern Hemisphere marginal seas (Arctic Ocean, Mediterranean Sea, Sea of Okhotsk, and East/Japan Sea) and its transport to adjacent major basins, and consider the susceptibility to recent climatic change of key factors that influence CO2 uptake by these marginal seas. Dynamic overturning circulation is a common feature of these seas, and this effectively absorbs anthropogenic CO2 and transports it from the surface to the interior of the basins. Amongst these seas only the East/Japan Sea has no outflow of intermediate and deep water (containing anthropogenic CO2) to an adjacent major basin; the others are known to be significant sources of intermediate and deep water to the open ocean. Consequently, only the East/Japan Sea retains all the anthropogenic CO2 absorbed during the anthropocene. Investigations of the properties of the water column in these seas have revealed a consistent trend of waning water column ventilation over time, probably because of changes in local atmospheric forcing. This weakening ventilation has resulted in a decrease in transport of anthropogenic CO2 from the surface to the interior of the basins, and to the adjacent open ocean. Ongoing measurements of anthropogenic CO2, other gases and hydrographic parameters in these key marginal seas will provide information on changes in global oceanic CO2 uptake associated with the predicted increasing atmospheric CO2 and future global climate change. We also review the roles of other marginal seas with no active overturning circulation systems in absorbing and storing anthropogenic CO2. The absence of overturning circulation enables anthropogenic CO2 to penetrate only into shallow depths, resulting in less accumulation of anthropogenic CO2 in these basins. As a consequence of their proximity to populated continents, these marginal seas are particularly vulnerable to human-induced perturbations. Maintaining observation programs will make it possible to assess the effects of human-induced changes on the capacity of these seas to uptake and store anthropogenic CO2.
    Materialart: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1039/C0EE00663G
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  • 2
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    The Framework for ocean observing: Best practices for the Global Ocean Observing System (2012)
    In:  [Talk] In: Ocean Sciences Meeting 2012, 20.-24.02.2012, Salt Lake City, USA .
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2012-03-26
    Materialart: Conference or Workshop Item , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 3
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    Ocean acidification over the industrial era constrained from tracer observations (2012)
    In:  [Talk] In: 2. International Symposium Effects of Climate Change on the World's Oceans, 15.-19.05.2012, Yeosu, Korea .
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2012-12-03
    Materialart: Conference or Workshop Item , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 4
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    An updated version of the global interior ocean biogeochemical data product, GLODAPv2.2020 (2020)
    Copernicus Publications (EGU)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-02-08
    Beschreibung: The Global Ocean Data Analysis Project (GLODAP) is a synthesis effort providing regular compilations of surface-to-bottom ocean biogeochemical data, with an emphasis on seawater inorganic carbon chemistry and related variables determined through chemical analysis of seawater samples. GLODAPv2.2020 is an update of the previous version, GLODAPv2.2019. The major changes are data from 106 new cruises added, extension of time coverage to 2019, and the inclusion of available (also for historical cruises) discrete fugacity of CO2 (fCO2) values in the merged product files. GLODAPv2.2020 now includes measurements from more than 1.2 million water samples from the global oceans collected on 946 cruises. The data for the 12 GLODAP core variables (salinity, oxygen, nitrate, silicate, phosphate, dissolved inorganic carbon, total alkalinity, pH, CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-113, and CCl4) have undergone extensive quality control with a focus on systematic evaluation of bias. The data are available in two formats: (i) as submitted by the data originator but updated to WOCE exchange format and (ii) as a merged data product with adjustments applied to minimize bias. These adjustments were derived by comparing the data from the 106 new cruises with the data from the 840 quality-controlled cruises of the GLODAPv2.2019 data product using crossover analysis. Comparisons to empirical algorithm estimates provided additional context for adjustment decisions; this is new to this version. The adjustments are intended to remove potential biases from errors related to measurement, calibration, and data-handling practices without removing known or likely time trends or variations in the variables evaluated. The compiled and adjusted data product is believed to be consistent to better than 0.005 in salinity, 1 % in oxygen, 2 % in nitrate, 2 % in silicate, 2 % in phosphate, 4 µmol kg−1 in dissolved inorganic carbon, 4 µmol kg−1 in total alkalinity, 0.01–0.02 in pH (depending on region), and 5 % in the halogenated transient tracers. The other variables included in the compilation, such as isotopic tracers and discrete fCO2, were not subjected to bias comparison or adjustments.
    Materialart: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 5
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    Global variability in seawater Mg:Ca and Sr:Ca ratios in the modern ocean (2020)
    National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-02-08
    Beschreibung: Seawater Mg:Ca and Sr:Ca ratios are biogeochemical parameters reflecting the Earth-ocean-atmosphere dynamic exchange of elements. The ratios' dependence on the environment and organisms' biology facilitates their application in marine sciences. Here, we present a measured single-laboratory dataset, combined with previous data, to test the assumption of limited seawater Mg:Ca and Sr:Ca variability across marine environments globally. High variability was found in open-ocean upwelling and polar regions, shelves/neritic and river-influenced areas, where seawater Mg:Ca and Sr:Ca ratios range from ∼4.40 to 6.40 mmol:mol and ∼6.95 to 9.80 mmol:mol, respectively. Open-ocean seawater Mg:Ca is semiconservative (∼4.90 to 5.30 mol:mol), while Sr:Ca is more variable and nonconservative (∼7.70 to 8.80 mmol:mol); both ratios are nonconservative in coastal seas. Further, the Ca, Mg, and Sr elemental fluxes are connected to large total alkalinity deviations from International Association for the Physical Sciences of the Oceans (IAPSO) standard values. Because there is significant modern seawater Mg:Ca and Sr:Ca ratios variability across marine environments we cannot absolutely assume that fossil archives using taxa-specific proxies reflect true global seawater chemistry but rather taxa- and process-specific ecosystem variations, reflecting regional conditions. This variability could reconcile secular seawater Mg:Ca and Sr:Ca ratio reconstructions using different taxa and techniques by assuming an error of 1 to 1.50 mol:mol, and 1 to 1.90 mmol:mol, respectively. The modern ratios' variability is similar to the reconstructed rise over 20 Ma (Neogene Period), nurturing the question of seminonconservative behavior of Ca, Mg, and Sr over modern Earth geological history with an overlooked environmental effect.
    Materialart: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 6
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    Global Carbon Budget 2022 (2022)
    Copernicus Publications (EGU)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-02-07
    Materialart: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: text
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  • 7
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    Severe biological effects under present-day estuarine acidification in the seasonally variable Salish Sea (2021)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-02-07
    Beschreibung: Estuaries are recognized as one of the habitats most vulnerable to coastal ocean acidification due to seasonal extremes and prolonged duration of acidified conditions. This is combined with co-occurring environmental stressors such as increased temperature and low dissolved oxygen. Despite this, evidence of biological impacts of ocean acidification in estuarine habitats is largely lacking. By combining physical, biogeochemical, and biological time-series observations over relevant seasonal-to-interannual time scales, this study is the first to describe both the spatial and temporal variation of biological response in the pteropod Limacina helicina to estuarine acidification in association with other stressors. Using clustering and principal component analyses, sampling sites were grouped according to their distribution of physical and biogeochemical variables over space and time. This identified the most exposed habitats and time intervals corresponding to the most severe negative biological impacts across three seasons and three years. We developed a cumulative stress index as a means of integrating spatial-temporal OA variation over the organismal life history. Our findings show that over the 2014–2016 study period, the severity of low aragonite saturation state combined with the duration of exposure contributed to overall cumulative stress and resulted in severe shell dissolution. Seasonally-variable estuaries such as the Salish Sea (Washington, U.S.A.) predispose sensitive organisms to more severe acidified conditions than those of coastal and open-ocean habitats, yet the sensitive organisms persist. We suggest potential environmental factors and compensatory mechanisms that allow pelagic calcifiers to inhabit less favorable habitats and partially offset associated stressors, for instance through food supply, increased temperature, and adaptation of their life history. The novel metric of cumulative stress developed here can be applied to other estuarine environments with similar physical and chemical dynamics, providing a new tool for monitoring biological response in estuaries under pressure from accelerating global change.
    Materialart: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 8
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    Advancing best practices for assessing trends of ocean acidification time series (2022)
    Frontiers
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-02-07
    Beschreibung: Assessing the status of ocean acidification across ocean and coastal waters requires standardized procedures at all levels of data collection, dissemination, and analysis. Standardized procedures for assuring quality and accessibility of ocean carbonate chemistry data are largely established, but a common set of best practices for ocean acidification trend analysis is needed to enable global time series comparisons, establish accurate records of change, and communicate the current status of ocean acidification within and outside the scientific community. Here we expand upon several published trend analysis techniques and package them into a set of best practices for assessing trends of ocean acidification time series. These best practices are best suited for time series capable of characterizing seasonal variability, typically those with sub-seasonal (ideally monthly or more frequent) data collection. Given ocean carbonate chemistry time series tend to be sparse and discontinuous, additional research is necessary to further advance these best practices to better address uncharacterized variability that can result from data discontinuities. This package of best practices and the associated open-source software for computing and reporting trends is aimed at helping expand the community of practice in ocean acidification trend analysis. A broad community of practice testing these and new techniques across different data sets will result in improvements and expansion of these best practices in the future.
    Materialart: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 9
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    Transport of Anthropogenic Carbon From the Antarctic Shelf to Deep Southern Ocean Triggers Acidification (2023)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-02-07
    Beschreibung: Flow of dense shelf water provide an efficient mechanism for pumping CO 2 to the deep ocean along the continental shelf slope, particularly around the Antarctic bottom water (AABW) formation areas where much of the global bottom water is formed. However, the contribution of the formation of AABW to sequestering anthropogenic carbon ( C ant ) and its consequences remain unclear. Here, we show prominent transport of C ant (25.0 ± 4.7 Tg C yr −1 ) into the deep ocean (〉2,000 m) in four AABW formation regions around Antarctica based on an integrated observational data set (1974–2018). This maintains a lower C ant in the upper waters than that of other open oceans to sustain a stronger CO 2 uptake capacity (16.9 ± 3.8 Tg C yr −1 ). Nevertheless, the accumulation of C ant can further trigger acidification of AABW at a rate of −0.0006 ± 0.0001 pH unit yr −1 . Our findings elucidate the prominent role of AABW in controlling the Southern Ocean carbon uptake and storage to mitigate climate change, whereas its side effects (e.g., acidification) could also spread to other ocean basins via the global ocean conveyor belt. Plain Language Summary The Southern Ocean is thought to uptake and store a large amount of anthropogenic CO 2 ( C ant ), but little attention has been paid to the Antarctic coastal regions in the south of 60°S, mainly due to the lack of observations. Based on an integrated data set, we discovered the deep penetration of C ant and a visible pattern of relatively high concentration of C ant along the AABW formation pathway, and the concentration of C ant along the shelf‐slope is higher than that of other marginal seas at low‐mid latitudes, implying a highly effective C ant transport in AABW formation areas. We also found strong upper‐layer CO 2 uptake and a significant acidification rate in the deep waters of the Southern Ocean due to the AABW‐driven CO 2 transport, which is 3 times faster than those in other deep oceans. It is therefore crucial to understand how the Antarctic shelf regions affect the global carbon cycle through the uptake and transport of anthropogenic CO 2 , which also drives acidification in the other ocean basins. Key Points We show evidence for the accumulation of C ant along the Antarctic shelf‐slope into the deep ocean The process of AABW formation drives C ant downward transport at 25.0 ± 4.7 Tg C yr −1 , sustaining the CO 2 uptake in the surface ocean This further triggers acidification of AABW at a rate of −0.0006 ± 0.0001 pH unit yr −1 , which is faster than in other deep oceans
    Materialart: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 10
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    Best Practice Data Standards for Discrete Chemical Oceanographic Observations (2022)
    Frontiers
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-02-07
    Beschreibung: Effective data management plays a key role in oceanographic research as cruise-based data, collected from different laboratories and expeditions, are commonly compiled to investigate regional to global oceanographic processes. Here we describe new and updated best practice data standards for discrete chemical oceanographic observations, specifically those dealing with column header abbreviations, quality control flags, missing value indicators, and standardized calculation of certain properties. These data standards have been developed with the goals of improving the current practices of the scientific community and promoting their international usage. These guidelines are intended to standardize data files for data sharing and submission into permanent archives. They will facilitate future quality control and synthesis efforts and lead to better data interpretation. In turn, this will promote research in ocean biogeochemistry, such as studies of carbon cycling and ocean acidification, on regional to global scales. These best practice standards are not mandatory. Agencies, institutes, universities, or research vessels can continue using different data standards if it is important for them to maintain historical consistency. However, it is hoped that they will be adopted as widely as possible to facilitate consistency and to achieve the goals stated above.
    Materialart: Article , PeerReviewed
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