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  • 1
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    Two intertidal, non-calcifying macroalgae (Palmaria palmata and Saccharina latissima) show complex and variable responses to short-term CO2 acidification (2016)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Nunes, Joana; McCoy, Sophie J; Findlay, Helen S; Hopkins, Frances E; Kitidis, Vassilis; Queirós, Ana M; Rayner, Lucy; Widdicombe, Stephen (2016): Two intertidal, non-calcifying macroalgae (Palmaria palmata and Saccharina latissima) show complex and variable responses to short-term CO2 acidification. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 73(3), 887-896, https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsv081
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-15
    Description: Ocean acidification, the result of increased dissolution of carbon dioxide (CO2) in seawater, is a leading subject of current research. The effects of acidification on non-calcifying macroalgae are, however, still unclear. The current study reports two 1-month studies using two different macroalgae, the red alga Palmaria palmata (Rhodophyta) and the kelp Saccharina latissima (Phaeophyta), exposed to control (pHNBS = 8.04) and increased (pHNBS = 7.82) levels of CO2-induced seawater acidification. The impacts of both increased acidification and time of exposure on net primary production (NPP), respiration (R), dimethylsulphoniopropionate (DMSP) concentrations, and algal growth have been assessed. In P. palmata, although NPP significantly increased during the testing period, it significantly decreased with acidification, whereas R showed a significant decrease with acidification only. S. latissima significantly increased NPP with acidification but not with time, and significantly increased R with both acidification and time, suggesting a concomitant increase in gross primary production. The DMSP concentrations of both species remained unchanged by either acidification or through time during the experimental period. In contrast, algal growth differed markedly between the two experiments, in that P. palmata showed very little growth throughout the experiment, while S. latissima showed substantial growth during the course of the study, with the latter showing a significant difference between the acidified and control treatments. These two experiments suggest that the study species used here were resistant to a short-term exposure to ocean acidification, with some of the differences seen between species possibly linked to different nutrient concentrations between the experiments.
    Keywords: Alkalinity, total; Alkalinity, total, standard deviation; Ammonium; Aragonite saturation state; Area; Benthos; Bicarbonate ion; Bicarbonate ion, standard deviation; Calcite saturation state; Calculated using CO2SYS; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbonate ion; Carbonate ion, standard deviation; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Chromista; Coast and continental shelf; Containers and aquaria (20-1000 L or 〈 1 m**2); Dimethylsulfoniopropionate; Duration, number of days; EXP; Experiment; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Gross primary production of oxygen; Growth/Morphology; Height; Identification; Laboratory experiment; Macroalgae; Migration; Mount_Batten_OA; Net primary production of oxygen; Nitrate; Nitrate and Nitrite; Nitrite; North Atlantic; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Ochrophyta; Other metabolic rates; Palmaria palmata; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, standard deviation; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); pH; pH, standard deviation; Phosphate; Plantae; Position; Potentiometric; Potentiometric titration; Primary production/Photosynthesis; Registration number of species; Respiration; Respiration, oxygen; Rhodophyta; Saccharina latissima; Salinity; Salinity, standard deviation; Silicate; Single species; Species; Temperate; Temperature, water; Temperature, water, standard deviation; Treatment; Type; Uniform resource locator/link to reference; Width
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 13295 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 2
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    ICES (2011) Report of the Study Group on Climate related Benthic processes in the North Sea (SGCBNS) (2011)
    ICES CM 2011/SSGEF:12
    In:  EPIC3ICES CM 2011/SSGEF:12, 24 p.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-12
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Other , notRev
    Format: application/pdf
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    PAPER (OA)
  • 3
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    How strong is the effect of invasive ecosystem engineers on the distribution patterns of local species, the local and regional biodiversity and ecosystem functions? (2012)
    BioMed Central
    In:  Environmental Evidence, 1 (1). p. 10.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-15
    Description: Background One of the most influential forms of biological invasions is that of invasive ecosystem engineers, species that affect other biota via alterations to the abiotic environment. Such species can have wide-reaching consequences because they alter ecosystems and essentially “change the rules of existence” for a broad suite of resident biota. They thus affect resources or stressors that affect other organisms.The objective of this systematic review will be to quantify the positive and negative impacts of invasive ecosystem engineers on ecosystem structure and functioning, and to identify factors that cause their effects to vary. Methods We will search a number of online databases to gather empirical evidence from the literature on the impacts of invasive ecosystem engineers on: (1) species richness and other univariate and multivariate measures of biodiversity; (2) productivity and abundance of algae, and animals; and (3) biogeochemical cycling and other flows of energy and materials, including trophic interactions. Data from relevant studies will be extracted and used in a random effects meta-analysis in order to estimate the average effect size of invasive ecosystem engineers on each response of interest.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1186/2047-2382-1-10
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 4
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    Macroalgal blooms alter community structure and primary productivity in marine ecosystems (2014)
    Wiley
    In:  Global Change Biology, 20 (9). pp. 2712-2724.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-12-21
    Description: Eutrophication, coupled with loss of herbivory due to habitat degradation and overharvesting, has increased the frequency and severity of macroalgal blooms worldwide. Macroalgal blooms interfere with human activities in coastal areas, and sometimes necessitate costly algal removal programmes. They also have many detrimental effects on marine and estuarine ecosystems, including induction of hypoxia, release of toxic hydrogen sulphide into the sediments and atmosphere, and the loss of ecologically and economically important species. However, macroalgal blooms can also increase habitat complexity, provide organisms with food and shelter, and reduce other problems associated with eutrophication. These contrasting effects make their overall ecological impacts unclear. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the overall effects of macroalgal blooms on several key measures of ecosystem structure and functioning in marine ecosystems. We also evaluated some of the ecological and methodological factors that might explain the highly variable effects observed in different studies. Averaged across all studies, macroalgal blooms had negative effects on the abundance and species richness of marine organisms, but blooms by different algal taxa had different consequences, ranging from strong negative to strong positive effects. Blooms' effects on species richness also depended on the habitat where they occurred, with the strongest negative effects seen in sandy or muddy subtidal habitats and in the rocky intertidal. Invertebrate communities also appeared to be particularly sensitive to blooms, suffering reductions in their abundance, species richness, and diversity. The total net primary productivity, gross primary productivity, and respiration of benthic ecosystems were higher during macroalgal blooms, but blooms had negative effects on the productivity and respiration of other organisms. These results suggest that, in addition to their direct social and economic costs, macroalgal blooms have ecological effects that may alter their capacity to deliver important ecosystem services.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12644
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 5
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    Diverse effects of invasive ecosystem engineers on marine biodiversity and ecosystem functions - a global review and meta-analysis (2018)
    Wiley
    In:  Global Change Biology, 24 (3). pp. 906-924.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-02-08
    Description: Invasive ecosystem engineers (IEE) are potentially one of the most influential types of biological invaders. They are expected to have extensive ecological impacts by altering the physical–chemical structure of ecosystems, thereby changing the rules of existence for a broad range of resident biota. To test the generality of this expectation, we used a global systematic review and meta-analysis to examine IEE effects on the abundance of individual species and communities, biodiversity (using several indices) and ecosystem functions, focusing on marine and estuarine environments. We found that IEE had a significant effect (positive and negative) in most studies testing impacts on individual species, but the overall (cumulative) effect size was small and negative. Many individual studies showed strong IEE effects on community abundance and diversity, but the direction of effects was variable, leading to statistically non-significant overall effects in most categories. In contrast, there was a strong overall effect on most ecosystem functions we examined. IEE negatively affected metabolic functions and primary production, but positively affected nutrient flux, sedimentation and decomposition. We use the results to develop a conceptual model by highlighting pathways whereby IEE impact communities and ecosystem functions, and identify several sources of research bias in the IEE-related invasion literature. Only a few of the studies simultaneously quantified IEE effects on community/diversity and ecosystem functions. Therefore, understanding how IEE may alter biodiversity–ecosystem function relationships should be a primary focus of future studies of invasion biology. Moreover, the clear effects of IEE on ecosystem functions detected in our study suggest that scientists and environmental managers ought to examine how the effects of IEE might be manifested in the services that marine ecosystems provide to humans.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: text
    Format: text
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14007
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 6
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    Modelling Marine Sediment Biogeochemistry: Current Knowledge Gaps, Challenges, and Some Methodological Advice for Advancement (2018)
    Frontiers
    In:  Frontiers in Marine Science, 5 . Art.No. 19.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-02-08
    Description: The benthic environment is a crucial component of marine systems in the provision of ecosystem services, sustaining biodiversity and in climate regulation, and therefore important to human society. With the contemporary increase in computational power, model resolution and technological improvements in quality and quantity of benthic data, it is necessary to ensure that benthic systems are appropriately represented in coupled benthic-pelagic biogeochemical and ecological modelling studies. In this paper we focus on five topical challenges related to various aspects of modelling benthic environments: organic matter reactivity, dynamics of benthic-pelagic boundary layer, microphytobenthos, biological transport and small-scale heterogeneity, and impacts of episodic events. We discuss current gaps in their understanding and indicate plausible ways ahead. Further, we propose a three-pronged approach for the advancement of benthic and benthic-pelagic modelling, essential for improved understanding, management and prediction of the marine environment. This includes: (A) development of a traceable and hierarchical framework for benthic-pelagic models, which will facilitate integration among models, reduce risk of bias, and clarify model limitations; (B) extended cross-disciplinary approach to promote effective collaboration between modelling and empirical scientists of various backgrounds and better involvement of stakeholders and end-users; (C) a common vocabulary for terminology used in benthic modelling, to promote model development and integration, and also to enhance mutual understanding.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2018.00019
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 7
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    Biologists ignore ocean weather at their peril (2018)
    Nature Research
    In:  Nature, 560 (7718). pp. 299-301.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-02-08
    Description: Ecologists must understand how marine life responds to changing local conditions, rather than to overall global temperature rise, say Amanda E. Bates and 16 colleagues.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: audio
    DOI: 10.1038/d41586-018-05869-5
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 8
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    Impact of sub-seabed CO2 leakage on macrobenthic community structure and diversity (2015)
    Elsevier
    In:  International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 38 . pp. 182-192.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-07-06
    Description: Highlights • Sub-seabed release of CO2 reduced macrofaunal diversity, abundance and biomass. • Impacts were only detectable in the area of active CO2 leakage, primarily where bubbling was observed. • Community recovery was rapid once leakage had stopped. • Natural seasonal variability was seen in reference areas with additional evidence of natural disturbances (storms). Abstract A sub-seabed release of carbon dioxide (CO2) was conducted to assess the potential impacts of leakage from sub-seabed geological CO2 Capture and Storage CCS) on benthic macrofauna. CO2 gas was released 12 m below the seabed for 37 days, causing significant disruption to sediment carbonate chemistry. Regular macrofauna samples were collected from within the area of active CO2 leakage (Zone 1) and in three additional reference areas, 25 m, 75 m and 450 m from the centre of the leakage (Zones 2, 3 and 4 respectively). Macrofaunal community structure changed significantly in all zones during the study period. However, only the changes in Zone 1 were driven by the CO2 leakage with the changes in reference zones appearing to reflect natural seasonal succession and stochastic weather events. The impacts in Zone 1 occurred rapidly (within a few days), increased in severity through the duration of the leak, and continued to worsen after the leak had stopped. Considerable macrofaunal recovery was seen 18 days after the CO2 gas injection had stopped. In summary, small short-term CCS leakage events are likely to cause highly localised impacts on macrofaunal communities and there is the potential for rapid recovery to occur, depending on the characteristics of the communities and habitats impacted.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ijggc.2015.01.003
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 9
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    Optical assessment of impact and recovery of sedimentary pH profiles in ocean acidification and carbon capture and storage research (2015)
    Elsevier
    In:  International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 38 . pp. 110-120.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-07-06
    Description: Highlights • pH profiling methods often fall short of marine OA and CCS experimental needs. • A new optical sensor application (MOPP) helps to meet these needs. • MOPP identified distinct impact and recovery patterns in different sediment types. • Patterns depend on sediment characteristics, i.e. buffering capacity and permeability. • CCS and OA impact assessment thus require consideration of these differences. Abstract Available methods for measuring the impact of ocean acidification (OA) and leakage from carbon capture and storage (CCS) on marine sedimentary pH profiles are unsuitable for replicated experimental setups. To overcome this issue, a novel optical sensor application is presented, using off-the-shelf optode technology (MOPP). The application is validated using microprofiling, during a CCS leakage experiment, where the impact and recovery from a high CO2 plume was investigated in two types of natural marine sediment. MOPP offered user-friendliness, speed of data acquisition, robustness to sediment type, and large sediment depth range. This ensemble of characteristics overcomes many of the challenges found with other pH measuring methods, in OA and CCS research. The impact varied greatly between sediment types, depending on baseline pH variability and sediment permeability. Sedimentary pH profile recovery was quick, with profiles close to control conditions 24 h after the cessation of the leak. However, variability of pH within the finer sediment was still apparent 4 days into the recovery phase. Habitat characteristics need therefore to be considered, to truly disentangle high CO2 perturbation impacts on benthic systems. Impacts on natural communities depend not only on the pH gradient caused by perturbation, but also on other processes that outlive the perturbation, adding complexity to recovery.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ijggc.2014.10.018
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 10
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    WP4 result summary report relevant for "Environmental Best Practice" (2014)
    ECO2 Project
    In:  ECO2 Deliverable, D4.4 . ECO2 Project, Kiel, Germany, 21 pp.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-03-11
    Description: This report presents a distillation of the main findings from ECO2 WP4, together with information available from other EU and Nationally funded projects, presented within and specifically for the context of Environmental Best Practice. The information and key messages contained within this deliverable (D4.4) will be directly applied to the project wide “Guidance on Environmental Best Practice” and will form the basis of Chapter 6 “Assessing biological impact of CO2 leakage”. There were 8 key findings that came from the ECO2 research conducted with WP4: - Exposure to elevated levels of CO2 has a negative impact on marine organisms - There is a wide range of CO2 sensitivities across different marine taxa and groups - Care must be taken when predicting species specific response and sensitivity to CO2 for Environmental Risk Assessments - Exposure to elevated levels of CO2 has a negative impact on marine communities, biodiversity and ecosystem processes / functions - The leakage / release of formation water can have a negative impact on marine organisms - Other environmental factors could exacerbate or ameliorate the impact of CCS leakage - Some biological responses may be employed in a programme of Environmental Monitoring - Collecting spatially and temporally referenced biological data is important for creating effective Baseline Surveys
    Type: Report , NonPeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/book
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.3289/ECO2_D4.4
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    OceanRep: Report - other report
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