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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Differential routing of 'new' nitrogen toward higher trophic levels within the marine food web of the Gulf of Aqaba, Northern Red Sea (2009)
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    In: Marine biology, Berlin : Springer, 1967, (2009), 1432-1793
    In: year:2009
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: graph. Darst
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    DOI: 10.1007/s00227-009-1306-y
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transient state characteristics of adaptation to changes in light conditions for the cyanobacterium Oscillatoria agardhii (1986)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 145 (1986), S. 353-357 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Transient state ; Light limitation ; Chlorophyll a ; Phycobiliproteins ; Cyanobacteria ; Photosynthesis ; Light-shade adaptation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Transitions in growth irradiance level from 92 to 7 μEm-2 s-1 and vice versa caused changes in the pigment contents and photosynthesis of Oscillatoria agardhii. The changes in chlorophyll a and C-phycocyanin contents during the transition from high to low irradiance (H→L) were reflected in photosynthetic parameters. In the L→H transition light utilization efficiencies of the cells changed faster than pigment contents. This appeared to be related to the lowering of light utilization efficiencies of photosynthesis. As a possible explanation it was hypothesized that excess photosynthate production led to feed back inhibition of photosynthesis. Time-scales of changes in the maximal rate of O2 evolution were discussed as changes in the number of reaction centers of photosystem II in relation to photosynthetic electron transport. Parameters that were subject to change during irradiance transitions obeyed first order kinetics, but hysteresis occurred when comparing H→L with L→H transients. Interpretation of first order kinetic analysis was discussed in terms of adaptive response vs changes in growth rate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00470870
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transient states of geosmin, pigments, carbohydrates and proteins in continuous cultures of Oscillatoria brevis induced by changes in nitrogen supply (1988)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 150 (1988), S. 333-337 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Transient state ; Light limitation ; Nitrogen limitation ; Chlorophyll a ; β-Carotene ; Phycobiliproteins ; Geosmin ; Cyanobacteria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Transitions in the growth limiting factor from light (I) to nitrogen (N) and vice versa caused changes in geosmin production, protein and carbohydrate content, and the synthesis of pigments such as chlorophyll a (Chl a), phycobiliproteins (PBPs), and β-carotene of the cyanobacterium Oscillatoria brevis. Following I→N transition the first 150h, the decrease in protein content was compensated for by an increase of carbohydrates, and thereby, a constant biomass level was maintained in this period. Thereafter, biimass dropped to 15% of its initial level. A decrease in geosmin and pigment content was observed during transition from I→N-limited growth. However, geosmin increased relative to phytol (Chl a) and β-carotene which may indicate that a lowered demand for phytol and β-carotene during N-limited growth allows isoprenoid precursors to be directed to geosmin rather than to pigment synthesis. Synthesis of Chl a and β-carotene at the expense of geosmin was suggested for the observed start of increase in geosmin production only at the time that Chl a and β-carotene had reached their I-limited steady state. Transition from nitrogen to light limited growth caused an acceleration of metabolism shown by a rapid decrease in carbohydrate content accompanied by an increase in protein content. The growth rate of the organisms temporarily exceeded the dilution rate of the culture and the biomass level increased 6-fold. Due to the only modest changes in geosmin production (2-fold) compared to changes in biomass level (6-fold) during I-or N-limited growth, environmental factors seem to have limited effect on geosmin production.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00408303
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regulation of growth and photosynthesis by Oscillatoria agardhii grown with a light/dark cycle (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 31 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The cyanobacterium Oscillatoria agardhii was grown in turbidostat cultures with the light energy supply in either the continuous mode or in the pulsed mode (8/16 h light/dark (L/D) cycle). The light irradiance value used was sufficient to allow the maximal growth rate to be attained, when supplied continuously. Adaptation of O. agardhii to the L/D cycle was characterized by an increase in pigment content and photosynthetic performance, accompanied by a decrease in growth rate. This mode of adaptation resembled the adaptation of O. agardhii to continuous low light intensities. It is suggested that in this case the L/D cycle provokes this adaptation in order to allow the cells to accumulate carbohydrate rapidly during the light period. This was attributed to the storage of polyglucose, which served as a carbon and energy source for growth in the dark. The utilization of polyglucose in the dark was able to sustain the synthesis of all other cell components at the same rate as when cells were growing in the light. The growth yield in the dark, whilst metabolizing internally stored polyglucose, was 0.52 g cell C/g polyglucose C, or 0.62 g cell dry weight/g polyglucose. Although in the pulsed mode there is a 66% loss in light irradiance per 24 h when compared with a continuous light regime, the growth rate of the cyanobacteria grown in the pulsed mode was only 35% lower than the growth rate of a culture grown in continuous light. This can be explained by a high growth yield in the dark and by increased CO2 fixation rates in the light of cells grown in the pulsed mode.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1985.tb01136.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ammonia enhanced dark respiration in Chlorella vulgaris is related to collapse of a transmembrane pH gradient (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 113 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Dark consumption of oxygen by Chlorella vulgaris was shown to be stimulated by increasing the external ammonium concentration. The ammonium effect was pH-dependent suggesting that an increased influx of free ammonia at higher pH values was cause to the effect. Breakdown of a transmembrane pH gradient between the cytoplasm and the interior of a cellular compartment was found to be related with enhanced oxygen consumption. Acid vacuoles are the most likely target for a collapse of the ΔpH since they form the only acid compartment where ammonia could accumulate as ammonium in dark adapted C. vulgaris cells. An alternative hypothesis involving the combined operation of a ATP-requiring proton extrusion pump and a Na+/H+ antiporter in the cytoplasmic membrane has been discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1993.tb06480.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genome divergence in two Prochlorococcus ecotypes reflects oceanic niche differentiation (2003)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 424 (2003), S. 1042-1047 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The marine unicellular cyanobacterium Prochlorococcus is the smallest-known oxygen-evolving autotroph. It numerically dominates the phytoplankton in the tropical and subtropical oceans, and is responsible for a significant fraction of global photosynthesis. Here we compare the genomes of two ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature01947
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regulation of cyanobacterial photosynthesis determined from variable fluorescence yields of photosystem II (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 35 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The cyanobacteria Fremyella diplosiphon 7601 and Synechocystis 6701 were grown in continuous cultures with monochromatic red light (680 nm). The distribution of light energy over photosystem I and II was determined from changes in PS II fluorescence at 685 nm. In both organisms, wavelengths absorbed primarily by chlorophyll a caused the high fluorescent state of PS II (State 1), while wavelengths absorbed by the phycobilisome led to low PS II fluorescence (State 2). Superimposing continuous light 2 on the excitation light yielded State 2 fluorescence patterns for Synechocystis 6701, while F. diplosiphon 7601 showed fluorescence patterns similar to state 1 → 2 transitions and changes in fluorescence yield were related to the intensity of the background light. Some ecological implications of energy (re)distribution in cyanobacterial photosynthesis are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1986.tb01514.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The photosynthetic machinery in prochlorophytes: Structural properties and ecological significance (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology reviews 13 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6976
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract: The Prochlorophytes are a diverse group of photosynthetic prokaryotes which falls within the cyanobacterial lineage, yet lack phycobilisomes as light harvesting structures. Instead, the Prochlorophytes have a light-harvesting apparatus composed of the higher plant pigments chlorophylls a and b. This review discusses antenna structures, photosynthetic properties and evolutionary relationships among these bacteria, with focus on the role of photosynthesis in their natural habitat. Most of the available information is obtained from studies on Prochlorothrix, the model organism of this group in laboratory studies. Our analysis yields a consensus from studies on two Prochlorophytes, Prochloron and Prochlorothrix, as to how the thylakoid membrane is organized. Lack of laboratory studies on an abundant third Prochlorophyte, Prochlorococcus, does not (yet) allow to include this species in the consensus. Overall, we propose that the structure of the light-harvesting complexes from Prochlorophytes is very different from those of chloroplast systems, and is evolutionarily very ancient. The light-harvesting apparatus is considered to maintain a strong structural and functional association with Photosystem I in both Prochlorothrix and Prochloron. Photosystem It in Prochlorothrix differs from other photosynthetic systems in structural and functional properties of both donor and acceptor sides of its reaction center. A demonstrated capacity for Photosystem I-dependent anoxygenic photosynthesis in Prochlorothrix may indicate that there is an increased dependence on cyclic photophosphorylation in these organisms. A description of the natural habitats of the Prochlorophytes has been employed as a jumping board for speculation on the role of the photosynthetic apparatus in occupying, proliferating and surviving in their ecological niches. Prochlorophytes seem to thrive in stable environments of low light, sufficient nitrogen supply and possibly the presence of essential organic solutes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6976.1994.tb00059.x
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  • 9
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    Characterization of cyanate metabolism in marine Synechococcus and Prochlorococcus spp. (2010)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2010. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of American Society for Microbiology for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Applied and Environmental Microbiology 77 (2011): 291-301, doi:10.1128/AEM.01272-10.
    Description: Cyanobacteria of the genera Synechococcus and Prochlorococcus are the most abundant photosynthetic organism on Earth occupying a key position at the base of marine food webs. The cynS gene that encodes cyanase was identified among bacterial, fungi and plant sequences in public databases and the gene was particularly prevalent among cyanobacteria, including numerous Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus strains. Phylogenetic analysis of cynS sequences retrieved from the Global Ocean Survey database identified 〉60% as belonging to unicellular marine cyanobacteria, suggesting an important role for cyanase in their nitrogen metabolism. Here we showed that marine cyanobacteria have a functionally active cyanase, the transcriptional regulation of which varies among strains and reflects the genomic context of cynS. In Prochlorococcus sp. MED4, cynS was presumably transcribed as part of the cynABDS operon, implying cyanase involvement in cyanate utilization. In Synechococcus sp. WH8102, expression was not related to nitrogen stress responses and here cyanase presumably serves in the detoxification of cyanate resulting from intracellular urea and/or carbamoyl phosphate decomposition. Lastly, we report on a cyanase activity encoded by cynH, a novel gene found in marine cyanobacteria only. The presence of dual cyanase genes in genomes of seven marine Synechococcus strains and their respective roles in nitrogen metabolism remain to be clarified.
    Description: The Niedersachsen State Fund at the Hebrew University, the Israel Science Foundation (grant 135/05) and the NATO Science for Peace program (grant SfP 98216) all provided financial support.
    Keywords: Cyanase ; Cyanate ; Marine cyanobacteria
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Preprint
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 10
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    Microbial rhodopsins on leaf surfaces of terrestrial plants (2011)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2011. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of John Wiley & Sons for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Environmental Microbiology 14 (2012): 140-146, doi:10.1111/j.1462-2920.2011.02554.x.
    Description: The above-ground surfaces of terrestrial plants, the phyllosphere, comprise the main interface between the terrestrial biosphere and solar radiation. It is estimated to host up to 1026 microbial cells that may intercept part of the photon flux impinging on the leaves. Based on 454- pyrosequencing generated metagenome data, we report on the existence of diverse microbial rhodopsins in five distinct phyllospheres from tamarisk (Tamarix nilotica), soybean (Glycine max), Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), clover (Trifolium repens) and rice (Oryza sativa). Our findings, for the first time describing microbial rhodopsins from non-aquatic habitats, point toward the potential coexistence of microbial rhodopsin-based phototrophy and plant chlorophyll-based photosynthesis, with the different pigments absorbing non-overlapping fractions of the light spectrum.
    Description: This work was supported in part by a grant from Bridging the Rift Foundation (O.B. & S.B.), Israel Science Foundation grant 1203/06 (O.B.), the Gruss-Lipper Family Foundation at MBL (O.M.F., S.B. & A.F.P.), a US-Israel Binational Science Foundation grant 2006324 (S.B.), and DOE National Institutes of Health Grant R37GM27750, Department of Energy Grant DE-FG02-07ER15867, and endowed chair AU-0009 from the Robert A. Welch Foundation (J.L.S.).
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Preprint
    Format: application/pdf
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