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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of earth sciences 75 (1986), S. 703-714 
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract The Menderes Massif, located in the Alpine orogen of Western Turkey, has three litho-structural units, a basal »gneiss core«, a »schist mantle« covering the gneiss core, and an overlying »marble mantle«. This study reports isotopic data from samples of metasediments and migmatites from the southern (Type A) and of tonalitic to granitic metaigneous rocks from the northern Menderes Massif (Type B). Type A rocks define a Rb/Sr whole rock isochron age of 502±10 Ma and an initial87Sr/86Sr ratio of 0.71174±73. This is interpreted as the age of migmatization. Type B rocks give a Rb/Sr whole rock isochron age of 471±9 Ma with an initial87Sr/86Sr ratio of 0.70684±25, which we interpret as the intrusion age. K-White micas from rock type A give an average Rb/Sr mineral age of 56±1 Ma, which can be interpreted as the formation age of the Alpine mineral paragenesis. K-white micas from rock type B give Rb/Sr mixed ages of 120–230 Ma between Alpine and Pan-African orogenies. Biotites from both rock types yield an average Rb/Sr age of 37±1 Ma, which is interpreted as an Alpine cooling age. The oxygen isotope ratios of type A rocks range from 10.4 to 14.6‰, and of type B from 8.9 to 11.8‰. The oxygen and strontium isotopic compositions together clearly distinguish rocks of types A and B. Compositions of type A rocks suggest a crustal origin: type B rocks have compositions transitional between those of crustal and mantle-derived materials.
    Abstract: Résumé Le massif de Menderes, situé dans l'orogène alpin en Turquie occidentale, se compose de trois unités lithologico-tectoniques: le noyau gneissique, l'enveloppe de micaschistes qui entoure le noyau et l'enveloppe de marbre qui coiffe le tout. La présente note donne les résultats d'analyses isotopiques pratiquées sur une série de métasédiments et migmatites du bord sud du massif (type A), ainsi que sur une série métatonalitique à métagranitique du bord nord (type B). Les roches du type A donnent sur roche totale une isochrone Rb-Sr de 502±10 Ma avec un rapport initial de 0,71174±73. Cet âge est interprété comme celui de la migmatitisation. Les roches du type B donnent sur roche totale une isochrone Rb-Sr de 471±9 Ma, avec un rapport initial de 0,70684±25, ce qui est interprété comme l'âge de l'intrusion. Les micas blancs des roches de type A donnent un âge moyen Rb-Sr de 56± 1 Ma, interprété comme celui de la formation des paragenèses alpines. Les micas blancs des roches de type B donnent des âges divers entre 120 et 230 Ma, compris entre ceux des orogenèses alpine et calédonienne. Les biotites des deux types de roches (A et B) fournissent un âge moyen Rb-Sr de 37±1 Ma, interprété comme celui du refroidissement alpin. Les rapports isotopiques de l'oxygène s'échelonnent pour le type A de 10,4 à 14,6 ‰ et pour le type B de 8,9 à 11,8‰. Les différences de compositions isotopiques du Sr et de 1'O distinguent nettement les roches A des roches B et indiquent: pour le type A une origine crustale et pour le type B une origine mixte manteau — croûte continentale.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Das Menderes Massiv ist ein alpinotypes Gebirge der West-Türkei und besteht aus drei tektonisch-lithologischen Einheiten, die in den »Gneisskern« und in die »Schieferhülle« und »Marmorhülle« gegliedert werden. Diese Arbeit berichtet über Isotopenanalysen, die an einer metasedimentären und migmatitischen Gesteinsserie vom Südrand (Typ A) und an einer metatonalitischen bis metagranitischen Gesteinsserie vom Nordrand des Menderes Massivs (Typ B) durchgeführt wurden. Die Rb-Sr-Gesamtgesteinsisochrone der Gesteine (Typ A) definiert ein Alter von 502±10 Ma und ein initiales87Sr/86Sr-Isotopenverhältnis von 0.71174±73. Dieser Alterswert wurde als Zeitraum der Migmatisierung interpretiert. Die Rb-Sr-Gesamtgesteinsisochrone der Gesteine (Typ B) ergibt ein Alter von 471±9 Ma bei einem initialen87Sr/86Sr-Isotopenverhältnis von 0.70684±25, wobei dieser Alterswert als Intrusionsalter gedeutet wird. Der Zeitraum der Kristallisation alpiner Mineralparagenesen wird durch einen mittleren Rb-Sr-Hellglimmeralterswert von 56±1 Ma erfa\t. Die Hellglimmer aus dem Gesteinstyp B ergeben Rb-Sr-Mischalter von 120–230 Ma, die im Zeitraum zwischen der mittelalpinen und der kaledonischen Metamorphose liegen. Die Biotite aus den beiden Gesteinstypen (A und B) definieren einen mittleren Rb-Sr-Alterswert von 37±1 Ma, der als das alpine Abkühlalter interpretiert wird. Die Sauerstoffisotopenwerte des Gesteinstyps A variieren von 10.4 bis 14.6‰, und des Typs B von 8.9 bis 11.8‰. Die Unterschiede in den Sauerstoff- und Strontium-Isotopenzusammensetzungen zwischen den Gesteinstypen A und B weisen beim Typ A auf eine kontinentale Herkunft und beim Typ B auf eine Mischung zwischen kontinentaler Kruste und Mantel hin.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of earth sciences 59 (1970), S. 805-826 
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract 172 carbonate samples from the Alps (mainly the Northern Calcareous Alps) ranging from Norian to Middle Liassic age, have been investigated for their18O/16O-content. Paleotemperatures have been determined. The analysed samples — fossils, mainly with primary calcitic shells, ooids and carbonatic sediments —were carefully selected by optical and x-ray methods. The results are given in fig. 2. Paleotemperatures are plotted in groups of the same age and equal or similar facies. The maximum of each group is assumed to represent the average water-temperature of that time. The interpretation of the paleotemperatures refers also to paleogeographic factors, e. g. bathymetry and salinity. The Noric shelf-sea paleotemperatures are in the range of about 25° C and show a systematic decrease to the Upper Rhaetian; a minimum temperature during the Lower Liassic (18° C) was followed by a warmer climatic period in the Middle Liassic. It is assumed that the Upper Triassic coral-reefs of the Northern Calcareous Alps died out because of the low temperature.
    Abstract: Résumé Pour 172 échantillons carbonates allant du Norien jusqu'au Lias moyen des Alpes on a déterminé les paleotemperatures d'après le rapport18O/16O. Étudiant surtout des fossiles, nous avons préféré ceux qui, dès l'origine, consistaient en grande partie ou totalement en calcite; en outre nous avons utilisé des ooides et des roches. Pour éviter l'altération diagénétique du rapport18O/16O, on a examiné le degré de la diagnèse sous le microscope et à l'aide des rayons X; le matériel visiblement récristallisé a été exclu de l'étude. Les températures déterminées — groupées selon l'âge et le faciès (fig. 2) —s'accumulent pour la plupart clairement autour de valeurs qui, vraisemblablement, représentent les températures originales de l'eau de mer — vu le nombre élevé des échantillons et les conditions variées de diagenèse qu'ils ont subi. Cette supposition a été vérifiée par des températures determinées sur de l'aragonite pour le Rhétien (Kaltenegger 1967). En interprétant les paléotempératures on a tenu compte des facteurs de paléogéographie (bathymétrie, salinité etc.). Les échantillons noriens provenant d'une mer peu profonde ont donné des températures d'environ 25° C, les échantillons rhétiens des valeurs un peu plus basses. Un minimum pendant le Lias inférieur a été suivi, pendant le Lias moyen, par un réchauffement de plusieurs degrés. On peut donc penser que les récifs coralliens du Trias supérieur dans les Alpes calcaires septentrionales se sont retirés pour des raisons climatiques au cours du Lias inférieur.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Für 172 karbonatische Proben aus Nor bis Mittellias der Alpen wurden Paläotemperaturen nach dem18O/16O-Mischungsverhältnis bestimmt. Untersucht wurden vor allem Fossilien, und zwar bevorzugt solche, die primär vorwiegend oder gänzlich aus Calcit bestanden haben; daneben auch Ooide und Gesteine. Um diagenetischen Verschiebungen des18O/16O-Verhältnisses aus dem Wege zu gehen, wurde der Diagenese-Grad jeweils optisch und mit der röntgenographischen Phasen-Analyse geprüft; sichtbar rekristallisiertes Material wurde nicht verwertet. Die ermittelten Paläotemperaturen zeigen — nach Alter und Fazies-Gruppen getrennt dargestellt (Abb. 2) — meist deutliche Häufungen, die angesichts der relativ großen Probenzahlen und der unterschiedlichen diagenetischen Bedingungen für die einzelnen Proben den ursprünglichen Wasser-Temperaturen annähernd entsprechen dürften; diese Annahme wird durch Paläotemperaturen aus aragonitischem Material für das Rät bestätigt. Bei der Interpretation der Paläotemperaturen wurden paläogeographische Faktoren (Bathymetrie, Salzgehalt u. a.), soweit bekannt, berücksichtigt. Für die norischen Flachmeer-Proben ergeben sich Temperaturen um 25°C, für die rätischen etwas niedrigere Werte. Einem Temperatur-Minimum im Unterlias folgte im Mittellias eine Erwärmung um mehrere Grade. Demnach dürften die obertriassischen Korallen-Riffe in den Nördlichen Kalkalpen während während des Unterlias aus klimatischen Gründen abgestorben sein.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Sr, O, and D/H isotopic compositions have been analyzed in Miocene metaluminous to slightly peraluminous (I-type) granitoids of the central Aegean. Individual plutonic complexes display significant variations in their δ 18O and initial87Sr/86Sr compositions.δD and δ 18O compositions of minerals and whole-rocks are mostly in the magmatic range. Some samples from Naxos and Mykonos/Delos show low δD and δ 18O values characteristic of meteoric-water-hydrothermal interaction, but as a whole the changes in δ 18O and Sr isotopic compositions as a result of hydrothermal alteration were slight, even in instances where marked alteration is petrographically observable. Consequently, the bulk-rock variations of δ 18O from 8.1‰ to 12.0‰ and of87Sr/86Sr from 0.70438 to 0.71450 may be regarded as primary and indicative of the conditions of their evolution. Heterogeneous isotopic compositions observed in the individual plutons of Serifos, Ikaria, Samos and Kos may be caused by the multiple intrusion of chemically and isotopically distinct magma pulses, with high viscosities and relatively rapid consolidation in most cases preventing complete homogenization. The granitoids of Serifos, Ikaria and Kos display weak correlations between the initial87Sr/86Sr and δ 18O and 1/Sr. The granitoid province shows a positive correlation between87Sr/86Sr and δ 18O and a non-linear relationship between87Sr/86Sr and 1/Sr, whereby 1/Sr increases more rapidly than the isotopic ratio as the degree of fractionation of the rocks increases. It is argued that assimilation of older continental material by mantle-derived arc magmas with combined fractionation (AFC) is the most plausible model to explain the chemical and isotopic characteristics of the granitoids and the geological situation in which rock-types trend from granodiorites in the (south)west, near the inferred Oligocene-Miocene suture, to granites in the center and monzonites in the (north)east of the province.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 40 (1973), S. 159-168 
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Oxygen isotope analyses on minerals of a metamorphic profile from Hohe Tauern, Austria indicate that the oxygen isotopes of the coexisting minerals quartz, garnet, and biotite have been reequilibrated during alpidic metamorphism. The K/Ar-ages of these biotites are in the range of 20–30 my. Metamorphic temperatures can be calculated from the quartz-biotite and quartz-garnet isotopic fractionations. The metamorphic temperature in the northern part of the region under investigation is 440° C and increases in direction to Tauernhauptkamm to about 600° C. Indicated by petrographic investigations, two samples from this area show no remarkable metamorphic influence. K/Ar-determinations on hornblendes and biotites yielded variscan ages. The isotopic temperatures of these samples, calculated by the oxygen isotope fractionations of quartz-biotite, quartz-magnetite, and feldspar-magnetite are equal within the limits of instrumental error and represent the crystallisation temperature of a granodioritic magma of 660–670° C.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 68 (1979), S. 187-205 
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Late Cretaceous, granitic pegmatite-aplite dikes in southern California have been known for gem-quality minerals and as a commercial source of lithium. Minerals, whole-rock samples, and inclusion fluids from nine of these dikes and from associated wall rocks have been analyzed for their oxygen, hydrogen, and carbon isotope compositions to ascertain the origins and thermal histories of the dikes. Oxygen isotope geothermometry used in combination with thermometric data from primary fluid inclusions enabled the determination of the pressure regime during crystallization. Two groups of dikes are evident from their oxygen isotope compositions (δ18Oqtz≃+10.5 in Group A, and ≃+8.5 in Group B). Prior to the end of crystallization, Group A pegmatites had already extensively exchanged oxygen with their wall rocks, while Group B dikes may represent a closer approximation to the original isotopic composition of the pegmatite melts. Oxygen isotope fractionations between minerals are similar in all dikes and indicate that the pegmatites were emplaced at temperatures of about 730 ° to 700 ° C. Supersolidus crystallization began with the basal aplite zone and ended with formation of “quench aplite” in the pocket zone, nearly to 565 ° C. Subsolidus formation of gem-bearing pockets took place over a relatively narrow temperature range of about 40 ° C (approximately 565–525 ° C). Nearly closed-system crystallization is indicated. Hornblende in gabbroic and noritic wall rocks (δDw.r. = −90 to −130) in the Mesa Grande district crystallized in the presence of, or exchanged hydrogen with, meteoric water (δD≃ −90) prior to the emplacement of the pegmatite dikes. Magmatic water was subsequently added to the wall rocks adjacent to the pegmatites. Groups A and B pegmatites cannot be distinguished on the basis of their hydrogen isotope compositions. A decrease in δD of muscovite inward from the walls of the dikes reflects a decrease in temperature. δD values of H2O from fluid inclusions are: −50 to −73 (aplite and pegmatite zones); −62 to −75 (pocket quartz: Tourmaline Queen and Stewart dikes); and −50 ± 4 (pocket quartz from many dikes). The average δ13C of juvenile CO2 in fluid inclusions in Group B pegmatites is −7.9. In Group A pegmatities, δ13C of CO2 is more negative (−10 to −15.6), due to exchange of C with wall rocks and/or loss of 13C-enriched CO2 to an exsolving vapor phase. Pressures during crystallization of the pockets were on the order of 2,100 bars, and may have increased slightly during pocket growth. A depth of formation of at least 6.8 km (sp. gr. of over burden = 3.0, and P fiuid=P load) is indicated, and a rate of uplift of 0.07 cm/yr. follows from available geochronologic data.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 332 (1964), S. 173-178 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The X-ray study of the high-temperature modifications β-ZrNCl and β-ZrNBr has shown that these compounds have structures characterized by a hexagonal random sequence of XZrNNZrX layers.
    Notes: Die Strukturuntersuchung der Hochtemperaturmodifikationen β-ZrNCl und β-ZrNBr führt zu einer hexagonalen Wechselstruktur mit XZrNNZrX-Schichten.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2017-02-08
    Description: Reduced surface–deep ocean exchange and enhanced nutrient consumption by phytoplankton in the Southern Ocean have been linked to lower glacial atmospheric CO2. However, identification of the biological and physical conditions involved and the related processes remains incomplete. Here we specify Southern Ocean surface–subsurface contrasts using a new tool, the combined oxygen and silicon isotope measurement of diatom and radiolarian opal, in combination with numerical simulations. Our data do not indicate a permanent glacial halocline related to melt water from icebergs. Corroborated by numerical simulations, we find that glacial surface stratification was variable and linked to seasonal sea-ice changes. During glacial spring–summer, the mixed layer was relatively shallow, while deeper mixing occurred during fall–winter, allowing for surface-ocean refueling with nutrients from the deep reservoir, which was potentially richer in nutrients than today. This generated specific carbon and opal export regimes turning the glacial seasonal sea-ice zone into a carbon sink.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2017-02-08
    Description: We present an SiF4 separation line, coupled to a laser fluorination system, which allows for an efficient combined silica d18O and d30Si analysis (50 min per sample). The required sample weight of 1.5–2.0mg allows for high-resolution isotope studies on biogenic opal. Besides analytical tests, the new instrumentation set-up was used to analyse two marine diatom fractions (〉63 mm, 10–20mm) with different diatom species compositions extracted from a Bølling/Allerød–Holocene core section [MD01-2416, North-West (NW) Pacific] to evaluate the palaeoceanographic significance of the diatom isotopic signals and to address isotopic effects related to contamination and species-related isotope effects (vital and environmental effects). While d30Si offsets between the two fractions were not discernible, supporting the absence of species-related silicon isotope effects, systematic offsets occur between the d18O records. Although small, these offsets point to species-related isotope effects, as bias by contamination can be discarded. The new records strengthen the palaeoceanographic history during the last deglaciation in the NW Pacific characterized by a sequence of events with varying surface water structure and biological productivity. With such palaeoceanographic evolution it becomes unlikely that the observed systematic d18O offsets signal seasonal temperature variability. This calls for reconsideration of vital effects, generally excluded to affect d18O measurements.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 9
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Maier, Edith; Chapligin, Bernhard; Abelmann, Andrea; Gersonde, Rainer; Esper, Oliver; Ren, Jian; Friedrichsen, Hans; Meyer, Hanno; Tiedemann, Ralf (2013): Combined oxygen and silicon isotope analysis of diatom silica from a deglacial subarctic Pacific record. Journal of Quaternary Science, 28(6), 571-581, https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.2649
    Publication Date: 2023-05-12
    Description: We present an SiF4 separation line, coupled to a laser fluorination system, which allows for an efficient combined silica d18O and d30Si analysis (50 min per sample). The required sample weight of 1.5-2.0 mg allows for high-resolution isotope studies on biogenic opal. Besides analytical tests, the new instrumentation set-up was used to analyse two marine diatom fractions (〉63 µm, 10-20 µm) with different diatom species compositions extracted from a Bølling/Allerød-Holocene core section [MD01-2416, North-West (NW) Pacific] to evaluate the palaeoceanographic significance of the diatom isotopic signals and to address isotopic effects related to contamination and species-related isotope effects (vital and environmental effects). While d30Si offsets between the two fractions were not discernible, supporting the absence of species-related silicon isotope effects, systematic offsets occur between the d18O records. Although small, these offsets point to species-related isotope effects, as bias by contamination can be discarded. The new records strengthen the palaeoceanographic history during the last deglaciation in the NW Pacific characterized by a sequence of events with varying surface water structure and biological productivity. With such palaeoceanographic evolution it becomes unlikely that the observed systematic d18O offsets signal seasonal temperature variability. This calls for reconsideration of vital effects, generally excluded to affect d18O measurements.
    Keywords: AWI_Paleo; Paleoenvironmental Reconstructions from Marine Sediments @ AWI
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 5 datasets
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  • 10
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Abelmann, Andrea; Gersonde, Rainer; Knorr, Gregor; Zhang, Xu; Chapligin, Bernhard; Maier, Edith; Esper, Oliver; Friedrichsen, Hans; Lohmann, Gerrit; Meyer, Hanno; Tiedemann, Ralf (2015): The seasonal sea-ice zone in the glacial Southern Ocean as a carbon sink. Nature Communications, 6, 8136, https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms9136
    Publication Date: 2023-03-30
    Description: Reduced surface-deep ocean exchange and enhanced nutrient consumption by phytoplankton in the Southern Ocean have been linked to lower glacial atmospheric CO2. However, identification of the biological and physical conditions involved and the related processes remains incomplete. Here we specify Southern Ocean surface-subsurface contrasts using a new tool, the combined oxygen and silicon isotope measurement of diatom and radiolarian opal, in combination with numerical simulations. Our data do not indicate a permanent glacial halocline related to melt water from icebergs. Corroborated by numerical simulations, we find that glacial surface stratification was variable and linked to seasonal sea-ice changes. During glacial spring-summer, the mixed layer was relatively shallow, while deeper mixing occurred during fall-winter, allowing for surface-ocean refueling with nutrients from the deep reservoir, which was potentially richer in nutrients than today. This generated specific carbon and opal export regimes turning the glacial seasonal sea-ice zone into a carbon sink.
    Keywords: AWI_Paleo; Paleoenvironmental Reconstructions from Marine Sediments @ AWI
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 12 datasets
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