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  • 1
    Keywords: Statistics. ; Electronic books.
    Description / Table of Contents: a.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (148 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9783319066325
    Series Statement: SpringerBriefs in Mathematics Series
    Language: English
    Note: Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Preliminaries -- 3 Well-Posedness of the Vector-Valued BSEEs -- 4 Well-Posedness Result for the Operator-Valued BSEEs with Special Data -- 5 Sequential Banach-Alaoglu-Type Theorems in the Operator Version -- 6 Well-Posedness of the Operator-Valued BSEEs in the General Case -- 7 Some Properties of the Relaxed Transposition Solutions to the Operator-Valued BSEEs -- 8 Necessary Condition for Optimal Controls, the Case of Convex Control Domains -- 9 Necessary Condition for Optimal Controls, the Case of Non-convex Control Domains -- References.
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  • 2
    Type of Medium: Book
    Pages: Seite 46 - 91
    Series Statement: Past Global Changes Magazine Vol. 27, No. 2
    Language: English
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer International Publishing AG,
    Keywords: Stochastic control theory. ; Electronic books.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (598 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9783030823313
    Series Statement: Probability Theory and Stochastic Modelling Series ; v.101
    DDC: 519.2
    Language: English
    Note: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Why Stochastic Distributed Parameter Control Systems? -- 1.2 Two Fundamental Issues in Control Theory -- 1.3 Range Inclusion and the Duality Argument -- 1.4 Two Basic Methods in This Book -- 2 Some Preliminaries in Stochastic Calculus -- 2.1 Measures and Probability, Measurable Functions and Random Variables -- 2.2 Integrals and Expectation -- 2.3 Signed/Vector Measures, Conditional Expectation -- 2.3.1 Signed Measures -- 2.3.2 Distribution, Density and Characteristic Functions -- 2.3.3 Vector Measures -- 2.3.4 Conditional Expectation -- 2.4 A Riesz-Type Representation Theorem -- 2.4.1 Proof of the Necessity for a Special Case -- 2.4.2 Proof of the Necessity for the General Case -- 2.4.3 Proof of the Sufficiency -- 2.5 A Sequential Banach-Alaoglu-Type Theorem in the Operator Version -- 2.6 Stochastic Processes -- 2.7 Stopping Times -- 2.8 Martingales -- 2.8.1 Real Valued Martingales -- 2.8.2 Vector-Valued Martingales -- 2.9 Brownian Motions -- 2.9.1 Brownian Motions in Finite Dimensions -- 2.9.2 Construction of Brownian Motions in one Dimension -- 2.9.3 Vector-Valued Brownian Motions -- 2.10 Stochastic Integrals -- 2.10.1 Itô's Integrals w.r.t. Brownian Motions in Finite Dimensions -- 2.10.2 Itô's Integrals w.r.t. Vector-Valued Brownian Motions -- 2.11 Properties of Stochastic Integrals -- 2.11.1 Itô's Formula for Itô's Processes (in a Strong Form) -- 2.11.2 Burkholder-Davis-Gundy Inequality -- 2.11.3 Stochastic Fubini Theorem -- 2.11.4 Itô's Formula for Itô's processes in a Weak Form -- 2.11.5 Martingale Representation Theorem -- 2.12 Notes and Comments -- 3 Stochastic Evolution Equations -- 3.1 Stochastic Evolution Equations in Finite Dimensions -- 3.2 Well-Posedness of Stochastic Evolution Equations -- 3.2.1 Notions of Solutions -- 3.2.2 Well-Posedness in the Sense of Mild Solution. , 3.3 Regularity of Mild Solutions to Stochastic Evolution Equations -- 3.3.1 Burkholder-Davis-Gundy Type Inequality and Time Regularity -- 3.3.2 Space Regularity -- 3.4 Notes and Comments -- 4 Backward Stochastic Evolution Equations -- 4.1 The Case of Finite Dimensions and Natural filtration -- 4.2 The Case of Infinite Dimensions -- 4.2.1 Notions of Solutions -- 4.2.2 Well-Posedness in the Sense of Mild Solution for the Case of Natural Filtration -- 4.3 The Case of General Filtration -- 4.4 The Case of Natural Filtration Revisited -- 4.5 Notes and Comments -- 5 Control Problems for Stochastic Distributed Parameter Systems -- 5.1 An Example of Controlled Stochastic Differential Equations -- 5.2 Control Systems Governed by Stochastic Partial Differential Equations -- 5.3 Some Control Problems for Stochastic Distributed Parameter Systems -- 5.4 Notes and Comments -- 6 Controllability for Stochastic Differential Equations in Finite Dimensions -- 6.1 The Control Systems With Controls in Both Drift and Diffusion Terms -- 6.2 Control System With a Control in the Drift Term -- 6.3 Lack of Robustness for Null/Approximate Controllability -- 6.4 Notes and Comments -- 7 Controllability for Stochastic Linear Evolution Equations -- 7.1 Formulation of the Problems -- 7.2 Well-Posedness of Stochastic Systems With Unbounded Control Operators -- 7.3 Reduction to the Observability of Dual Problems -- 7.4 Explicit Forms of Controls for the Controllability Problems -- 7.5 Relationship Between the Forward and the Backward Controllability -- 7.5.1 The Case of Bounded Control Operators -- 7.5.2 The Case of Unbounded Control Operators -- 7.6 Notes and Comments -- 8 Exact Controllability for Stochastic Transport Equations -- 8.1 Formulation of the Problem and the Main Result -- 8.2 Hidden Regularity and a Weighted Identity. , 8.3 Observability Estimate for Backward Stochastic Transport Equations -- 8.4 Notes and Comments -- 9 Controllability and Observability of Stochastic Parabolic Systems -- 9.1 Formulation of the Problems -- 9.2 Controllability of a Class of Stochastic Parabolic Systems -- 9.2.1 Preliminaries -- 9.2.2 Proof of the Null Controllability -- 9.2.3 Proof of the Approximate Controllability -- 9.3 Controllability of a Class of Stochastic Parabolic Systems by one Control -- 9.3.1 Proof of the Null Controllability Result -- 9.3.2 Proof of the Negative Null Controllability Result -- 9.4 Carleman Estimate for a Stochastic Parabolic-Like Operator -- 9.5 Observability Estimate for Stochastic Parabolic Equations -- 9.5.1 Global Carleman Estimate for Stochastic Parabolic Equations, I -- 9.5.2 Global Carleman Estimate for Stochastic Parabolic Equations, II -- 9.5.3 Proof of the Observability Result -- 9.6 Null and Approximate Controllability of Stochastic Parabolic Equations -- 9.6.1 Global Carleman Estimate for Backward Stochastic Parabolic Equations -- 9.6.2 Proof of the Observability Estimate for Backward Stochastic Parabolic Equations -- 9.7 Notes and Comments -- 10 Exact Controllability for a Refined Stochastic Wave Equation -- 10.1 Formulation of the Problem -- 10.2 Well-Posedness of Stochastic Wave Equations With Boundary Controls -- 10.3 Main Controllability Results -- 10.4 A Reduction of the Exact Controllability Problem -- 10.5 A Fundamental Identity for Stochastic Hyperbolic-Like Operators -- 10.6 Observability Estimate for the Stochastic Wave Equation -- 10.7 Notes and Comments -- 11 Exact Controllability for Stochastic Schrödinger Equations -- 11.1 Formulation of the Problem and the Main Result -- 11.2 Well-Posedness of the Control System -- 11.3 A Fundamental Identity for Stochastic Schrödinger-Like Operators. , 11.4 Observability Estimate for Backward Stochastic Schrödinger Equations -- 11.5 Notes and Comments -- 12 Pontryagin-Type Stochastic Maximum Principle and Beyond -- 12.1 Formulation of the Optimal Control Problem -- 12.2 The Case of Finite Dimensions -- 12.3 Necessary Condition for Optimal Controls for Convex Control Regions -- 12.4 Operator-Valued Backward Stochastic Evolution Equations -- 12.4.1 Notions of Solutions -- 12.4.2 Preliminaries -- 12.4.3 Proof of the Uniqueness Results -- 12.4.4 Well-Posedness Result for a Special Case -- 12.4.5 Proof of the Existence and Stability for the General Case -- 12.4.6 A Regularity Result -- 12.5 Pontryagin-Type Maximum Principle -- 12.6 Sufficient Condition for Optimal Controls -- 12.6.1 Clarke's Generalized Gradient -- 12.6.2 A Sufficient Condition for Optimal Controls -- 12.7 Second Order Necessary Condition for Optimal Controls -- 12.8 Notes and Comments -- 13 Linear Quadratic Optimal Control Problems -- 13.1 Formulation of the Problem -- 13.2 Optimal Feedback for Deterministic LQ Problem in Finite Dimensions -- 13.3 Optimal Feedback for Stochastic LQ Problem in Finite Dimensions -- 13.3.1 Differences Between Deterministic and Stochastic LQ Problems in Finite Dimensions -- 13.3.2 Characterization of Optimal Feedbacks for Stochastic LQ Problems in Finite Dimensions -- 13.4 Finiteness and Solvability of Problem (SLQ) -- 13.5 Pontryagin-Type Maximum Principle for Problem (SLQ) -- 13.6 Transposition Solutions to Operator-Valued Backward Stochastic Riccati Equations -- 13.7 Existence of Optimal Feedback Operator for Problem (SLQ) -- 13.8 Global Solvability of Operator-Valued Backward Stochastic Riccati Equations -- 13.8.1 Some Preliminary Results -- 13.8.2 Proof of the Main Solvability Result -- 13.9 Some Examples -- 13.9.1 LQ Problems for Stochastic Wave Equations. , 13.9.2 LQ problems for Stochastic Schrödinger Equations -- 13.10 Notes and Comments -- References -- Index.
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2023-03-16
    Description: Herein, we publish the simulated global annual mean sea surface temperature (THO), surface air temperature (SAT) over a time period of 100 years retrieved from equilibrium climate simulations for the Last Glacial Maximum (~21 ka BP). We investigate the range of temperature variability that occurs in response to uncertainties in the boundary conditions of Laurentide ice sheet (LIS). We performed LGM simulations, applying six different LIS reconstructions (ICE-6g, GLAC-1a, ANU, Gowan, Licciardi and PMIP3) in a fully coupled atmosphere-ocean-sea-ice model. The model data has been used in the publication by Hossain et al., 2021. The climate data has been produced with Consortium for Small-scale Modeling (COSMOS; ECHAM5/JSBACH/MPIOM/OASIS3), utilized at a resolution of T31 in the atmosphere with 19 vertical layers and a resolution of GR30 (~3.0°x1.8°) in the ocean with 40 vertical layers. The model setup refers to boundary conditions (terrestrial topography, ocean bathymetry), greenhouse gas concentrations (CO2 = 185 ppm; CH4 = 350 ppb; N2O = 200 ppb) and orbital forcing representative for the LGM and are imposed in accordance with the PMIP3 protocol. We also run COSMOS using PI boundary conditions (ice-sheet topography, orbital forcing, greenhouse gas concentrations and ocean bathymetry). Details on setup and identifiers of LGM model simulations can be found in Table S1 of Hossain et al., 2021.
    Keywords: AWI_PaleoClimate; Last Glacial Maximum; Laurentide ice sheet reconstructions; Paleo-climate Dynamics @ AWI; Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project Phase III (PMIP3); Sea surface temperature; Surface air temperature
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 22.8 MBytes
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  • 5
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    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Weber, Michael E; Clark, Peter U; Kuhn, Gerhard; Timmermann, Axel; Sprenk, Daniela; Gladstone, Rupert; Zhang, Xu; Lohmann, Gerrit; Menviel, Laurie; Chikamoto, Megumi; Friedrich, Torsten; Ohlwein, Christian (2014): Millennial-scale variability in Antarctic ice-sheet discharge during the last deglaciation. Nature, 510(7503), 134-138, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13397
    Publication Date: 2023-05-12
    Description: Our understanding of the deglacial evolution of the Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) following the Last Glacial Maximum (26,000-19,000 years ago) is based largely on a few well-dated but temporally and geographically restricted terrestrial and shallow-marine sequences. This sparseness limits our understanding of the dominant feedbacks between the AIS, Southern Hemisphere climate and global sea level. Marine records of iceberg-rafted debris (IBRD) provide a nearly continuous signal of ice-sheet dynamics and variability. IBRD records from the North Atlantic Ocean have been widely used to reconstruct variability in Northern Hemisphere ice sheets, but comparable records from the Southern Ocean of the AIS are lacking because of the low resolution and large dating uncertainties in existing sediment cores. Here we present two well-dated, high-resolution IBRD records that capture a spatially integrated signal of AIS variability during the last deglaciation. We document eight events of increased iceberg flux from various parts of the AIS between 20,000 and 9,000 years ago, in marked contrast to previous scenarios which identified the main AIS retreat as occurring after meltwater pulse 1A and continuing into the late Holocene epoch. The highest IBRD flux occurred 14,600 years ago, providing the first direct evidence for an Antarctic contribution to meltwater pulse 1A. Climate model simulations with AIS freshwater forcing identify a positive feedback between poleward transport of Circumpolar Deep Water, subsurface warming and AIS melt, suggesting that small perturbations to the ice sheet can be substantially enhanced, providing a possible mechanism for rapid sea-level rise.
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 7 datasets
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  • 6
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    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Abelmann, Andrea; Gersonde, Rainer; Knorr, Gregor; Zhang, Xu; Chapligin, Bernhard; Maier, Edith; Esper, Oliver; Friedrichsen, Hans; Lohmann, Gerrit; Meyer, Hanno; Tiedemann, Ralf (2015): The seasonal sea-ice zone in the glacial Southern Ocean as a carbon sink. Nature Communications, 6, 8136, https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms9136
    Publication Date: 2023-03-30
    Description: Reduced surface-deep ocean exchange and enhanced nutrient consumption by phytoplankton in the Southern Ocean have been linked to lower glacial atmospheric CO2. However, identification of the biological and physical conditions involved and the related processes remains incomplete. Here we specify Southern Ocean surface-subsurface contrasts using a new tool, the combined oxygen and silicon isotope measurement of diatom and radiolarian opal, in combination with numerical simulations. Our data do not indicate a permanent glacial halocline related to melt water from icebergs. Corroborated by numerical simulations, we find that glacial surface stratification was variable and linked to seasonal sea-ice changes. During glacial spring-summer, the mixed layer was relatively shallow, while deeper mixing occurred during fall-winter, allowing for surface-ocean refueling with nutrients from the deep reservoir, which was potentially richer in nutrients than today. This generated specific carbon and opal export regimes turning the glacial seasonal sea-ice zone into a carbon sink.
    Keywords: AWI_Paleo; Paleoenvironmental Reconstructions from Marine Sediments @ AWI
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 12 datasets
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2023-03-30
    Keywords: Actinomma antarctica; ANT-IX/4; Atlantic Ridge; AWI_Paleo; Depth, bottom/max; Depth, top/min; DEPTH, water; Discovery Seamount; Event label; MSN; Multiple opening/closing net; Paleoenvironmental Reconstructions from Marine Sediments @ AWI; Polarstern; PS18; PS18/259; PS18/261; PS18/263; PS18/265; PS2101-2; PS2103-3; PS2105-4; PS2107-2; Spongotrochus glacialis
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 59 data points
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  • 8
  • 9
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    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Moffa-Sanchez, Paola; Rosenthal, Yair; Babila, Tali L; Mohtadi, Mahyar; Zhang, Xu (2019): Temperature Evolution of the Indo‐Pacific Warm Pool Over the Holocene and the Last Deglaciation. Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology, 34(7), 1107-1123, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018PA003455
    Publication Date: 2023-01-30
    Description: The Indo-Pacific Warm Pool (IPWP) contains the warmest surface ocean waters on our planet. Changes in the extent and position of the IPWP likely impacted the tropical and global climate in the past. To put recent ocean changes into a longer temporal context, we present new paleoceanographic sea surface temperature reconstructions from off Papua New Guinea (RR1313-23PC: 4.4939°S, 145.6703°E, 712 m water depth) which is at the heart of the Western Pacific Warm Pool (WPWP), which is the warmest region within the IPWP, across the last 17,000 years. A new surface temperature dataset from the northeast South China Sea is also presented (ODP1144: 20.053°N, 117.4189°E; water depth 2037 m). In both locations we use Mg/Ca measurements on G.ruber s.s. (white) to calculate sea surface temperatures.
    Keywords: G.ruber; Holocene; Mg/Ca; Western Pacific
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 3 datasets
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2023-02-08
    Keywords: Age, 14C; Age, dated; Age, dated standard error; Calendar age; Calendar age, maximum/old; Calendar age, minimum/young; DEPTH, sediment/rock; G.ruber; Holocene; Mg/Ca; Papa New Guinea; Roger A. Revelle; RR1313; RR1313-23PC; Sample ID; Western Pacific
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 72 data points
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