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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Evolution of the seismic structure of the incoming, subducting oceanic Nazca Plate off South Central Chile (2008)
    Details Availability
    Keywords: Hochschulschrift ; Chile Süd ; Nazca-Platte ; Seismotektonik
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    URL: http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:8-diss-29340
    URL: http://d-nb.info/1019669535/34
    URL: http://eldiss.uni-kiel.de/macau/receive/dissertation_diss_00002934
    URN: urn:nbn:de:gbv:8-diss-29340
    DDC: 551.13609833
    Language: English
    Note: Kiel, Univ., Diss., 2008
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Evolution of the Chilean-Argentinean Andes. (2018)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing AG,
    Details
    Keywords: Geology. ; Electronic books.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (569 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9783319677743
    Series Statement: Springer Earth System Sciences Series
    URL: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/geomar/detail.action?docID=5341350
    DDC: 550
    Language: English
    Note: Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Contributors -- Crustal and Seismic Structure of the Chilean Fore-Arc -- 1 Structure and Tectonics of the Chilean Convergent Margin from Wide-Angle Seismic Studies: A Review -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Northern Chilean Margin (22°-32° S) -- 3 The South-Central Chilean Margin (33°-46.5° S) -- 4 The Austral Chilean Margin (South of the CTJ) -- 5 Summary -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 2 The Geometry of the Continental Wedge and Its Relation to the Rheology and Seismicity of the Chilean Interplate Boundary -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Tectonic and Geology of the Chilean Continental Wedge -- 3 The Geometry of the Chilean Continental Wedge -- 4 Model of the Effective Basal Friction Coefficient and the Hubbert-Rubey Fluid Pressure Ratio (µb* and λ) Along the Chilean Continental Wedge -- 5 Tectonic Segmentation Along the Chilean Continental Wedge -- 6 Seismotectonic Implications of the Chilean Continental Wedge Geometry -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 3 The Peru-Chile Margin from Global Gravity Field Derivatives -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Tectonic Setting -- 3 Global Earth Gravity Field Models -- 4 Methodology -- 5 Results -- 6 Gravity Derivatives from GOCE Satellite Data -- 7 2D Profiles Across the Margin -- 8 Seismotectonics and Gravity -- 8.1 Northern Chile -- 8.2 Central Chile -- 8.3 South Central Chile -- 9 Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgements -- References -- The Paleozoic Evolution of the Chilean-Argentinean Margin -- 4 Paleogeographic and Kinematic Constraints in the Tectonic Evolution of the Pre-Andean Basement Blocks -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Pampia -- 3 Famatinian Magmatic Arc -- 4 Western Puna (Antofalla Terrane) -- 5 Cuyania -- 6 Chilenia -- 7 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References. , 5 The Pre-Andean Phases of Construction of the Southern Andes Basement in Neoproterozoic-Paleozoic Times -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Main Features of the Paleozoic Orogenies in the Southern Andes -- 3 The Pampean Orogeny -- 4 The Ocloyic Orogeny -- 5 The Famatinian Orogeny -- 6 The Chanic Orogeny -- 7 The Gondwanan Orogeny -- 8 The Tabarin Orogeny -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 6 The Famatinian Orogen Along the Protomargin of Western Gondwana: Evidence for a Nearly Continuous Ordovician Magmatic Arc Between Venezuela and Argentina -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Famatinian Orogen in Its Type Locality -- 3 The Famatinian Orogen Along the Protomargin of Western Gondwana -- 3.1 Southern Sector -- 3.2 Central Sector -- 3.3 Northern Sector -- 4 The Grenvillian Suture Between Arequipa and Amazonia -- 5 Tectonic Setting of the Famatinian Orogen -- 6 Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgements -- References -- The Early Andean Arc in the Chilean-Argentinean Margin -- 7 The Early Stages of the Magmatic Arc in the Southern Central Andes -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Geological Framework for the Early Andes -- 3 Petrography and Geology of the Triassic-Jurassic Igneous Units in Northern Chile -- 3.1 Triassic-Jurassic Igneous Units Between 20° and 22° S -- 3.2 Triassic-Jurassic Igneous Units Between 22° and 26° S -- 3.3 Triassic Igneous Units Between 26° and 30° S -- 3.4 Jurassic Igneous Units Between 22º and 26º S -- 3.5 Jurassic Igneous Units Between 26º and 30º S -- 4 Age Distribution of the Triassic and Jurassic Magmatism -- 5 Geochemistry of the Triassic and Jurassic Magmatism -- 6 Tectonic Setting and Initiation of the Andean Magmatism -- 7 Pre-Andean Segmentation of the Convergent Margin -- Acknowledgements -- References. , 8 A Provenance Analysis from the Lower Jurassic Units of the Neuquén Basin. Volcanic Arc or Intraplate Magmatic Input? -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Tectonic Setting: Magmatic Arc and Intraplate Magmatism -- 3 Geological and Stratigraphic Framework of the Studied Region -- 4 Methods and Stratigraphic Section Studied -- 5 Results -- 5.1 Sandstone Petrography -- 5.2 Detrital Zircon Analysis -- 5.3 Maximum Depositional Age -- 5.4 Hf Isotope Data -- 6 Discussion and Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- Appendix -- References -- The Early Andean Phases in the Chilean-Argentinean Margin -- 9 The Jurassic Paleogeography of South America from Paleomagnetic Data -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Paleomagnetic Data -- 3 The Polar Shift -- 4 Paleogeography of Pangea -- 5 Does Paleoecology Support Paleomagnetic Data? -- 5.1 Marine Invertebrates -- 5.2 Paleoflora -- 5.3 Geology -- 6 Conclusions -- References -- 10 Lower Jurassic to Early Paleogene Intraplate Contraction in Central Patagonia -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Geological Framework -- 3 Jurassic Compressive Phase -- 4 Cretaceous-Paleogene Compressive Phases -- 5 Timings of Intraplate Contractional Events in Patagonia -- 6 Intraplate Compressional Stress-Field Orientation in Patagonia -- 7 Discussion: Possible Causes of Jurassic to Paleocene Intraplate Contraction in Patagonia -- References -- 11 Mechanisms and Episodes of Deformation Along the Chilean-Pampean Flat-Slab Subduction Segment of the Central Andes in Northern Chile -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Regional Geological Context -- 3 Tectonic Framework and Mechanisms of Deformation -- 3.1 Inversion Structures -- 3.2 Basement-Involved Structures -- 4 Timing of Deformation -- 5 Discussion -- 5.1 The Chilean-Pampean Flat-Slab Segment of Northern Chile as a Result of a Hybrid Tectonic Mechanism -- 6 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements. , References -- 12 Cretaceous Orogeny and Marine Transgression in the Southern Central and Northern Patagonian Andes: Aftermath of a Large-Scale Flat-Subduction Event? -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Cretaceous Contractional Deformation Stages -- 2.1 Late Early Cretaceous Deformation in the Malargüe Fold and Thrust Belt (FTB) -- 2.2 Late Cretaceous Deformation in the Agrio and Chos Malal Fold and Thrust Belts -- 2.3 Late Cretaceous Deformation in the Aluminé Fold and Thrust Belt -- 2.4 Late Early Cretaceous Contraction in the North Patagonian Fold-Thrust Belt (sim42-44° S) -- 2.5 Late Early Cretaceous Uplift of the North Patagonian Andes Between 44º-46º S -- 3 Magmatic Arc Behavior During Early Andean Construction -- 4 Discussion -- 4.1 Regional Arc-Migration Between 35°30 to 48° S: A sim1,350 Km Large-Scale Shallow Subduction Segment? -- 4.2 The Nalé Large Flat-Slab Event and Its Bearings on Maastrichtian-Danian Paleogeography -- 5 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 13 Tectonic Rotations Along the Western Central Andes -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Curvatures Along the Central Andes -- 3 Paleomagnetic Domains in the Chilean Andes -- 4 Interrelation Between Tectonic Rotations and Proposed Basements Terranes -- 5 Discussion -- References -- 14 Paleogene Arc-Related Volcanism in the Southern Central Andes and North Patagonia (39°-41° S) -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Geological and Tectonic Setting of Paleogene Volcanism in the North Patagonian Andes -- 3 Geology and Geochronology of the Eocene and Oligocene Volcanism Between 39º and 41º S -- 4 Geochemistry of Eocene and Oligocene Arc-Related Volcanism Between 39º and 41º S: Variable Slab Influence and Magmatic Source -- 5 Paleogene to Neogene Regional Evolution of Arc-Magmatism in the North Patagonian Andes Constrained by Geochemical Features. , 6 Arc-Related Magmatism and Its Implications on the Tectonic Evolution of Southern Central Andes During the Mid-Cenozoic -- 7 Conclusions -- References -- The Late Andean Stages in the Chilean-Argentinean Margin -- 15 Mantle Influence on Andean and Pre-Andean Topography -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Theory and State-of-the-Art Along the Andes -- 3 New Observational Cases in the Andes -- 3.1 Subsidence of the Argentine Pampas -- 3.2 Southern Andes Foreland Basin Exhumation and the Patagonia Plateau Uplift -- 3.3 The Argentine Abyssal Basin Subsidence -- 4 Fossil Cases -- 4.1 Dynamic Supports and Carboniferous Glaciations -- 4.2 Post-Rifting Subsidence of Triassic Basins in Western Argentina -- 5 Concluding Remarks and Future Perspectives -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 16 Cenozoic Uplift and Exhumation of the Frontal Cordillera Between 30° and 35° S and the Influence of the Subduction Dynamics in the Flat Slab Subduction Context, South Central Andes -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Tectonic Setting -- 3 Cenozoic Uplift and Exhumation at 30° S: The El Indio Belt -- 4 Cenozoic Uplift and Exhumation Between 31° and 32° S: The Ramada-Espinacito and Tigre Ranges -- 5 Cenozoic Uplift and Exhumation at 33° S: El Plata Range -- 6 Cenozoic Uplift and Exhumation at 34° S: Portillo, Yaretas, and Carrizalito Ranges -- 7 Along-Strike Variations in the Frontal Cordillera Range -- 7.1 Geometric Features of the Frontal Cordillera -- 7.2 Structural Features of the Frontal Cordillera -- 8 Discussions and Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 17 The Structure of the Southern Central Andes (Chos Malal Fold and Thrust Belt) -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Tectono-Stratigraphic Setting -- 3 Regional Structure of the Chos Malal Fold and Thrust Belt -- 3.1 Cross Section A-A′ (sim37°13′S) -- 3.2 Cross Section B-B′ (sim37°20′S). , 4 Related Thick- and Thin-Skinned Deformation at the Mountain Front: Implications for Oil Exploration.
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effect of trench-outer rise bending-related faulting on seismic Poisson's ratio and mantle anisotropy : a case study offshore of Southern Central Chile (2008)
    Associated volumes
    Details Availability
    In: Geophysical journal international, Oxford : Oxford Univ. Press, 1958, (2008), 1365-246X
    In: year:2008
    In: extent:15
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 15
    ISSN: 1365-246X
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2008.03716.x
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    Upper lithospheric structure of the subduction zone offshore of southern Arauco peninsula, Chile, at 3̃8°S (2008)
    Associated volumes
    Details Availability
    In: Journal of geophysical research. B, Solid earth, Hoboken, NJ : Wiley, 1978, 113(2008), 2169-9356
    In: volume:113
    In: year:2008
    In: extent:19
    Description / Table of Contents: A joint interpretation of swath bathymetric, seismic refraction, wide-angle reflection, and multichannel seismic data was used to derive a detailed tomographic image of the NazcaSouth America subduction zone system offshore southern Arauco peninsula, Chile at 3̃8ʿS. Here, the trench basin is filled with up to 2.2 km of sediments, and the Mocha Fracture Zone (FZ) is obliquely subducting underneath the South American plate. The velocity model derived from the tomographic inversion consists of a 7̃-km-thick oceanic crust and shows P wave velocities typical for mature fast spreading crust in the seaward section of the profile, with uppermost mantle velocities 〉8.4 km s-1. In the trenchouter rise area, the top of incoming oceanic plate is pervasively fractured and likely hydrated as shown by extensional faults, horst-and-graben structures, and a reduction of both crustal and mantle velocities. These slow velocities are interpreted in terms of extensional bending-related faulting leading to fracturing and hydration in the upper part of the oceanic lithosphere. The incoming Mocha FZ coincides with an area of even slower velocities and thinning of the oceanic crust (10-15% thinning), suggesting that the incoming fracture zone may enhance the flux of chemically bound water into the subduction zone. Slow mantle velocities occur down to a maximum depth of 68 km into the upper mantle, where mantle temperatures are estimated to be 400-430ʿC. In the overriding plate, the tomographic model reveals two prominent velocity transition zones characterized by steep lateral velocity gradients, resulting in a seismic segmentation of the marine fore arc. The margin is composed of three main domains: (1) a 2̃0 km wide frontal prism below the continental slope with Vp ≥3.5 km s-1, (2) a 5̃0 km area with Vp = 4.5-5.5 km s-1, interpreted as a paleoaccretionary complex, and (3) the seaward edge of the Paleozoic continental framework with Vp ̃6.0 km s-1. Frontal prism velocities are noticeably lower than those found in the northern erosional Chile margin, confirming recent accretionary processes in south central Chile.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 19
    ISSN: 2169-9356
    DOI: 10.1029/2007JB005569
    Language: English
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Evolution of the Chilean-Argentinean Andes (2018)
    Cham : Springer
    Details Availability
    Keywords: Earth sciences ; Earth Sciences ; Geology ; Physical geography ; Geomorphology ; Earth sciences ; Geology ; Physical geography ; Geomorphology ; Anden ; Argentinien ; Chile ; Falten- und Überschiebungsgürtel ; Faltengebirge ; Geologie ; Anden ; Historische Geologie ; Känozoikum ; Mesozoikum ; Paläozoikum ; Tektonik ; Anden Süd ; Neotektonik ; Orogenese ; Paläotektonik ; Inselbogen ; Anden ; Argentinien ; Chile ; Falten- und Überschiebungsgürtel ; Faltengebirge ; Geologie ; Anden ; Historische Geologie ; Känozoikum ; Mesozoikum ; Paläozoikum ; Tektonik ; Anden Süd ; Neotektonik ; Orogenese ; Paläotektonik ; Inselbogen
    Description / Table of Contents: Preface.- 1.Crustal structure and tectonics of the Chilean continental margin from wide-angle seismic studies: a review -- 2. Crustal and thermal structure along the Chilean subduction margin from gravity data and their relation to short and long term segmentation: a review -- 3. The Peru-Chile margin revisited with global gravity field derivatives -- 4.The Pre-Andean phases of construction of the Southern Andes basement -- 5. The geometry of the subduction margin from paleomagnetic data: a review -- 6. The early stages of the volcanic arc in the Southern Andes -- 7. The early orogeny stages in the Southern Central and Patagonian Andes -- 8.The Mesozoic to Cenozoic structure and tectonic evolution of the Southern Patagonian Andes.-9. Andean and foreland Cenozoic sources during mountain growth evolution -- 10. The Cenozoic structure and tectonic evolution of the Southern Central Andes -- 11. The Cenozoic structure and tectonic evolution of the Northern Patagonian Andes -- 12. The origin of the Neogene transgressions during the Andean development -- 13. Landscape and tectonics of the Central Chilean Andes -- 14. Landscape and tectonics of the Northern Chilean Andes -- 15. The Neogene volcanic arc from the southern Altiplano to the Southern Central Andes.-16. Dynamic subsidence and uplift associated with the Pampean flat subduction zone -- 17.Thermal structure associated with the Pampean flat subduction zone -- 18. Architecture and evolution of the volcanic arc in the last 5 Ma along the Southern Central and Patagonian Andes -- 19.The late segmentation of the Southern Andes as a function of ocean bathymetry.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXV, 564 p. 166 illus., 162 illus. in color, online resource)
    ISBN: 9783319677743
    Series Statement: Springer Earth System Sciences
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67774-3
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67774-3
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-67774-3
    Language: English
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  • 6
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    On the relationship between structure, morphology and large coseismic slip: A case study of the M w 8.8 Maule, Chile 2010 earthquake (2017)
    Elsevier
    In:  Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 478 . pp. 27-39.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-06
    Description: Highlights • 2-D velocity models at the highest slip patch during the Chilean 2010 Mw 8.8 earthquake. • The highest slip patch correlates with large accretionary prisms. • The highest slip patch correlates with low continental slope angles. • A similar pattern is observed along the giant 1960 Mw 9.5 earthquake rupture area. Abstract Subduction megathrust earthquakes show complex rupture behaviour and large lateral variations of slip. However, the factors controlling seismic slip are still under debate. Here, we present 2-D velocity-depth tomographic models across four trench-perpendicular wide angle seismic profiles complemented with high resolution bathymetric data in the area of maximum coseismic slip of the 8.8 Maule 2010 megathrust earthquake (central Chile, 34°–36°S). Results show an abrupt lateral velocity gradient in the trench-perpendicular direction (from 5.0 to 6.0 km/s) interpreted as the contact between the accretionary prism and continental framework rock whose superficial expression spatially correlates with the slope-shelf break. The accretionary prism is composed of two bodies: (1) an outer accretionary wedge (5–10 km wide) characterized by low seismic velocities of 1.8–3.0 km/s interpreted as an outer frontal prism of poorly compacted and hydrated sediment, and (2) the middle wedge (∼50 km wide) with velocities of 3.0–5.0 km/s interpreted as a middle prism composed by compacted and lithified sediment. In addition, the maximum average coseismic slip of the 2010 megathrust event is fairly coincident with the region where the accretionary prism and continental slope are widest (50–60 km wide), and the continental slope angle is low (〈5°). We observe a similar relation along the rupture area of the largest instrumentally recorded Valdivia 1960 9.5 megathrust earthquake. For the case of the Maule event, published differential multibeam bathymetric data confirms that coseismic slip must have propagated up to ∼6 km landwards of the deformation front and hence practically the entire base of the middle prism. Sediment dewatering and compaction processes might explain the competent rheology of the middle prism allowing shallow earthquake rupture. In contrast, the outer frontal prism made of poorly consolidated sediment has impeded the rupture up to the deformation front as high resolution seismic reflection and multibeam bathymetric data have not showed evidence for new deformation in the trench region.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1016/j.epsl.2017.08.028
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  • 7
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    Active tectonics of the North Chilean marine forearc and adjacent oceanic Nazca Plate (2018)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    In:  Tectonics, 37 (11). pp. 4194-4211.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-02-08
    Description: Key Points: Multibeam bathymetric and seismic reflection data image the structure of the North Chilean marine forearc and the oceanic Nazca plate The structural character and tectonic configuration of the offshore forearc and the oceanic plate change significantly along the margin The derived pattern of permanent deformation may hold information for studying seismicity or other types of short term deformation New multibeam bathymetry allows an unprecedented view of the tectonic regime and its along‐strike heterogeneity of the North Chilean marine forearc and the oceanic Nazca Plate between 19‐22.75°S. Combining bathymetric and backscatter information from the multibeam data with sub‐bottom profiler and published and previously unpublished legacy seismic reflection lines, we derive a tectonic map. The new map reveals a middle and upper‐slope configuration dominated by pervasive extensional faulting, with some faults outlining a 〉500 km long ridge that may represent the remnants of a Jurassic or pre‐Jurassic magmatic arc. Lower slope deformation is more variable and includes slope‐failures, normal faulting, re‐entrant embayments, and NW‐SE trending anticlines and synclines. This complex pattern likely results from the combination of subducting lower‐plate topography, gravitational forearc collapse, and the accumulation of permanent deformation over multiple earthquake cycles. We find little evidence for widespread fluid seepage despite a highly faulted upper‐plate. An explanation could be a lack of fluid sources due to the sediment starved nature of the trench and most of the upper‐plate in vicinity of the hyper‐arid Atacama Desert. Changes in forearc architecture partly correlate to structural variations of the oceanic Nazca Plate, which is dominated by the spreading‐related abyssal hill fabric and is regionally overprinted by the Iquique Ridge. The ridge collides with the forearc around 20‐21°S. South of the ridge‐forearc intersection, bending‐related horst‐and‐grabens result in vertical seafloor offsets of hundreds of meters. To the north, plate‐bending is accommodated by reactivation of the paleo‐spreading fabric and new horst‐and‐grabens do not develop.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1029/2018TC005087
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  • 8
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    Sediment loading at the southern Chilean trench and its tectonic implications (2013)
    Elsevier
    In:  Journal of Geodynamics, 66 . pp. 134-145.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-28
    Description: Non erosive margins are characterized by heavily sedimented trenches which obscure the morphological expression of the outer rise; a forebulge formed by the bending of the subducting oceanic lithosphere seaward of the trench. Depending on the flexural rigidity (D) of the oceanic lithosphere and the thickness of the trench sedimentary fill, sediment loading can affect the lithospheric downward deflection in the vicinity of the trench and hence the amount of sediment subducted. We used seismic and bathymetric data acquired off south central Chile, from which representative flexural rigidities are estimated and the downward deflection of the oceanic Nazca plate is studied. By flexural modeling we found that efficient sediment subduction preferentially occurs in weak oceanic lithosphere (low D), whereas wide accretionary prisms are usually formed in rigid oceanic lithosphere (high D). In addition, well developed forebulges in strong oceanic plates behaves as barrier to seaward transportation of turbidites, whereas the absence of a forebulge in weak oceanic plates facilitates seaward turbidite transportation for distances 〉200 km.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jog.2013.02.009
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  • 9
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    Seismic structure of the north-central Chilean convergent margin: Subduction erosion of a paleomagmatic arc (2014)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    In:  Geophysical Research Letters, 41 (5). pp. 1523-1529.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-10
    Description: We study the erosive convergent margin of north-central Chile (at similar to 31 degrees S) by using high-resolution bathymetric, wide-angle refraction, and multichannel seismic reflection data to derive a detailed tomographic 2-D velocity-depth model. In the overriding plate, our velocity model shows that the lowermost crustal velocities beneath the upper continental slope are 6.0-6.5km/s, which are interpreted as the continental basement composed by characteristic metamorphic and igneous rocks of the Coastal Cordillera. Beneath the lower and middle continental slope, however, the presence of a zone of reduced velocities (3.5-5.0km/s) is interpreted as the outermost fore arc composed of volcanic rocks hydrofractured as a result of frontal and basal erosion. At the landward edge of the outermost fore arc, the bathymetric and seismic data provide evidence for the presence of a prominent trenchward dipping normal scarp (similar to 1km offset), which overlies a strong lateral velocity contrast from similar to 5.0 to similar to 6.0km/s. This pronounced velocity contrast propagates deep into the continental crust, and it resembles a major normal listric fault. We interpret this seismic discontinuity as the volcanic-continental basement contact of the submerged Coastal Cordillera characterized by a gravitational collapse of the outermost fore arc. Subduction erosion has, most likely, caused large-scale crustal thinning and long-term subsidence of the outermost fore arc.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1002/2013GL058729
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  • 10
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    Splay fault activity revealed by aftershocks of the 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule earthquake, central Chile (2014)
    GSA (Geological Society of America)
    In:  Geology, 42 (9). pp. 823-826.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-10-24
    Description: Splay faults, large thrust faults emerging from the plate boundary to the seafloor in subduction zones, are considered to enhance tsunami generation by transferring slip from the very shallow dip of the megathrust onto steeper faults, thus increasing vertical displacement of the seafloor. These structures are predominantly found offshore, and are therefore difficult to detect in seismicity studies, as most seismometer stations are located onshore. The Mw (moment magnitude) 8.8 Maule earthquake on 27 February 2010 affected ∼500 km of the central Chilean margin. In response to this event, a network of 30 ocean-bottom seismometers was deployed for a 3 month period north of the main shock where the highest coseismic slip rates were detected, and combined with land station data providing onshore as well as offshore coverage of the northern part of the rupture area. The aftershock seismicity in the northern part of the survey area reveals, for the first time, a well-resolved seismically active splay fault in the submarine forearc. Application of critical taper theory analysis suggests that in the northernmost part of the rupture zone, coseismic slip likely propagated along the splay fault and not the subduction thrust fault, while in the southern part it propagated along the subduction thrust fault and not the splay fault. The possibility of splay faults being activated in some segments of the rupture zone but not others should be considered when modeling slip distributions.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1130/G35848.1
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