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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer International Publishing AG,
    Keywords: Geology. ; Electronic books.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (569 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9783319677743
    Series Statement: Springer Earth System Sciences Series
    DDC: 550
    Language: English
    Note: Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Contributors -- Crustal and Seismic Structure of the Chilean Fore-Arc -- 1 Structure and Tectonics of the Chilean Convergent Margin from Wide-Angle Seismic Studies: A Review -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Northern Chilean Margin (22°-32° S) -- 3 The South-Central Chilean Margin (33°-46.5° S) -- 4 The Austral Chilean Margin (South of the CTJ) -- 5 Summary -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 2 The Geometry of the Continental Wedge and Its Relation to the Rheology and Seismicity of the Chilean Interplate Boundary -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Tectonic and Geology of the Chilean Continental Wedge -- 3 The Geometry of the Chilean Continental Wedge -- 4 Model of the Effective Basal Friction Coefficient and the Hubbert-Rubey Fluid Pressure Ratio (µb* and λ) Along the Chilean Continental Wedge -- 5 Tectonic Segmentation Along the Chilean Continental Wedge -- 6 Seismotectonic Implications of the Chilean Continental Wedge Geometry -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 3 The Peru-Chile Margin from Global Gravity Field Derivatives -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Tectonic Setting -- 3 Global Earth Gravity Field Models -- 4 Methodology -- 5 Results -- 6 Gravity Derivatives from GOCE Satellite Data -- 7 2D Profiles Across the Margin -- 8 Seismotectonics and Gravity -- 8.1 Northern Chile -- 8.2 Central Chile -- 8.3 South Central Chile -- 9 Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgements -- References -- The Paleozoic Evolution of the Chilean-Argentinean Margin -- 4 Paleogeographic and Kinematic Constraints in the Tectonic Evolution of the Pre-Andean Basement Blocks -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Pampia -- 3 Famatinian Magmatic Arc -- 4 Western Puna (Antofalla Terrane) -- 5 Cuyania -- 6 Chilenia -- 7 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References. , 5 The Pre-Andean Phases of Construction of the Southern Andes Basement in Neoproterozoic-Paleozoic Times -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Main Features of the Paleozoic Orogenies in the Southern Andes -- 3 The Pampean Orogeny -- 4 The Ocloyic Orogeny -- 5 The Famatinian Orogeny -- 6 The Chanic Orogeny -- 7 The Gondwanan Orogeny -- 8 The Tabarin Orogeny -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 6 The Famatinian Orogen Along the Protomargin of Western Gondwana: Evidence for a Nearly Continuous Ordovician Magmatic Arc Between Venezuela and Argentina -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Famatinian Orogen in Its Type Locality -- 3 The Famatinian Orogen Along the Protomargin of Western Gondwana -- 3.1 Southern Sector -- 3.2 Central Sector -- 3.3 Northern Sector -- 4 The Grenvillian Suture Between Arequipa and Amazonia -- 5 Tectonic Setting of the Famatinian Orogen -- 6 Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgements -- References -- The Early Andean Arc in the Chilean-Argentinean Margin -- 7 The Early Stages of the Magmatic Arc in the Southern Central Andes -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Geological Framework for the Early Andes -- 3 Petrography and Geology of the Triassic-Jurassic Igneous Units in Northern Chile -- 3.1 Triassic-Jurassic Igneous Units Between 20° and 22° S -- 3.2 Triassic-Jurassic Igneous Units Between 22° and 26° S -- 3.3 Triassic Igneous Units Between 26° and 30° S -- 3.4 Jurassic Igneous Units Between 22º and 26º S -- 3.5 Jurassic Igneous Units Between 26º and 30º S -- 4 Age Distribution of the Triassic and Jurassic Magmatism -- 5 Geochemistry of the Triassic and Jurassic Magmatism -- 6 Tectonic Setting and Initiation of the Andean Magmatism -- 7 Pre-Andean Segmentation of the Convergent Margin -- Acknowledgements -- References. , 8 A Provenance Analysis from the Lower Jurassic Units of the Neuquén Basin. Volcanic Arc or Intraplate Magmatic Input? -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Tectonic Setting: Magmatic Arc and Intraplate Magmatism -- 3 Geological and Stratigraphic Framework of the Studied Region -- 4 Methods and Stratigraphic Section Studied -- 5 Results -- 5.1 Sandstone Petrography -- 5.2 Detrital Zircon Analysis -- 5.3 Maximum Depositional Age -- 5.4 Hf Isotope Data -- 6 Discussion and Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- Appendix -- References -- The Early Andean Phases in the Chilean-Argentinean Margin -- 9 The Jurassic Paleogeography of South America from Paleomagnetic Data -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Paleomagnetic Data -- 3 The Polar Shift -- 4 Paleogeography of Pangea -- 5 Does Paleoecology Support Paleomagnetic Data? -- 5.1 Marine Invertebrates -- 5.2 Paleoflora -- 5.3 Geology -- 6 Conclusions -- References -- 10 Lower Jurassic to Early Paleogene Intraplate Contraction in Central Patagonia -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Geological Framework -- 3 Jurassic Compressive Phase -- 4 Cretaceous-Paleogene Compressive Phases -- 5 Timings of Intraplate Contractional Events in Patagonia -- 6 Intraplate Compressional Stress-Field Orientation in Patagonia -- 7 Discussion: Possible Causes of Jurassic to Paleocene Intraplate Contraction in Patagonia -- References -- 11 Mechanisms and Episodes of Deformation Along the Chilean-Pampean Flat-Slab Subduction Segment of the Central Andes in Northern Chile -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Regional Geological Context -- 3 Tectonic Framework and Mechanisms of Deformation -- 3.1 Inversion Structures -- 3.2 Basement-Involved Structures -- 4 Timing of Deformation -- 5 Discussion -- 5.1 The Chilean-Pampean Flat-Slab Segment of Northern Chile as a Result of a Hybrid Tectonic Mechanism -- 6 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements. , References -- 12 Cretaceous Orogeny and Marine Transgression in the Southern Central and Northern Patagonian Andes: Aftermath of a Large-Scale Flat-Subduction Event? -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Cretaceous Contractional Deformation Stages -- 2.1 Late Early Cretaceous Deformation in the Malargüe Fold and Thrust Belt (FTB) -- 2.2 Late Cretaceous Deformation in the Agrio and Chos Malal Fold and Thrust Belts -- 2.3 Late Cretaceous Deformation in the Aluminé Fold and Thrust Belt -- 2.4 Late Early Cretaceous Contraction in the North Patagonian Fold-Thrust Belt (sim42-44° S) -- 2.5 Late Early Cretaceous Uplift of the North Patagonian Andes Between 44º-46º S -- 3 Magmatic Arc Behavior During Early Andean Construction -- 4 Discussion -- 4.1 Regional Arc-Migration Between 35°30 to 48° S: A sim1,350 Km Large-Scale Shallow Subduction Segment? -- 4.2 The Nalé Large Flat-Slab Event and Its Bearings on Maastrichtian-Danian Paleogeography -- 5 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 13 Tectonic Rotations Along the Western Central Andes -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Curvatures Along the Central Andes -- 3 Paleomagnetic Domains in the Chilean Andes -- 4 Interrelation Between Tectonic Rotations and Proposed Basements Terranes -- 5 Discussion -- References -- 14 Paleogene Arc-Related Volcanism in the Southern Central Andes and North Patagonia (39°-41° S) -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Geological and Tectonic Setting of Paleogene Volcanism in the North Patagonian Andes -- 3 Geology and Geochronology of the Eocene and Oligocene Volcanism Between 39º and 41º S -- 4 Geochemistry of Eocene and Oligocene Arc-Related Volcanism Between 39º and 41º S: Variable Slab Influence and Magmatic Source -- 5 Paleogene to Neogene Regional Evolution of Arc-Magmatism in the North Patagonian Andes Constrained by Geochemical Features. , 6 Arc-Related Magmatism and Its Implications on the Tectonic Evolution of Southern Central Andes During the Mid-Cenozoic -- 7 Conclusions -- References -- The Late Andean Stages in the Chilean-Argentinean Margin -- 15 Mantle Influence on Andean and Pre-Andean Topography -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Theory and State-of-the-Art Along the Andes -- 3 New Observational Cases in the Andes -- 3.1 Subsidence of the Argentine Pampas -- 3.2 Southern Andes Foreland Basin Exhumation and the Patagonia Plateau Uplift -- 3.3 The Argentine Abyssal Basin Subsidence -- 4 Fossil Cases -- 4.1 Dynamic Supports and Carboniferous Glaciations -- 4.2 Post-Rifting Subsidence of Triassic Basins in Western Argentina -- 5 Concluding Remarks and Future Perspectives -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 16 Cenozoic Uplift and Exhumation of the Frontal Cordillera Between 30° and 35° S and the Influence of the Subduction Dynamics in the Flat Slab Subduction Context, South Central Andes -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Tectonic Setting -- 3 Cenozoic Uplift and Exhumation at 30° S: The El Indio Belt -- 4 Cenozoic Uplift and Exhumation Between 31° and 32° S: The Ramada-Espinacito and Tigre Ranges -- 5 Cenozoic Uplift and Exhumation at 33° S: El Plata Range -- 6 Cenozoic Uplift and Exhumation at 34° S: Portillo, Yaretas, and Carrizalito Ranges -- 7 Along-Strike Variations in the Frontal Cordillera Range -- 7.1 Geometric Features of the Frontal Cordillera -- 7.2 Structural Features of the Frontal Cordillera -- 8 Discussions and Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 17 The Structure of the Southern Central Andes (Chos Malal Fold and Thrust Belt) -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Tectono-Stratigraphic Setting -- 3 Regional Structure of the Chos Malal Fold and Thrust Belt -- 3.1 Cross Section A-A′ (sim37°13′S) -- 3.2 Cross Section B-B′ (sim37°20′S). , 4 Related Thick- and Thin-Skinned Deformation at the Mountain Front: Implications for Oil Exploration.
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  • 2
    Keywords: Earth sciences ; Earth Sciences ; Geology ; Physical geography ; Geomorphology ; Earth sciences ; Geology ; Physical geography ; Geomorphology ; Anden ; Argentinien ; Chile ; Falten- und Überschiebungsgürtel ; Faltengebirge ; Geologie ; Anden ; Historische Geologie ; Känozoikum ; Mesozoikum ; Paläozoikum ; Tektonik ; Anden Süd ; Neotektonik ; Orogenese ; Paläotektonik ; Inselbogen ; Anden ; Argentinien ; Chile ; Falten- und Überschiebungsgürtel ; Faltengebirge ; Geologie ; Anden ; Historische Geologie ; Känozoikum ; Mesozoikum ; Paläozoikum ; Tektonik ; Anden Süd ; Neotektonik ; Orogenese ; Paläotektonik ; Inselbogen
    Description / Table of Contents: Preface.- 1.Crustal structure and tectonics of the Chilean continental margin from wide-angle seismic studies: a review -- 2. Crustal and thermal structure along the Chilean subduction margin from gravity data and their relation to short and long term segmentation: a review -- 3. The Peru-Chile margin revisited with global gravity field derivatives -- 4.The Pre-Andean phases of construction of the Southern Andes basement -- 5. The geometry of the subduction margin from paleomagnetic data: a review -- 6. The early stages of the volcanic arc in the Southern Andes -- 7. The early orogeny stages in the Southern Central and Patagonian Andes -- 8.The Mesozoic to Cenozoic structure and tectonic evolution of the Southern Patagonian Andes.-9. Andean and foreland Cenozoic sources during mountain growth evolution -- 10. The Cenozoic structure and tectonic evolution of the Southern Central Andes -- 11. The Cenozoic structure and tectonic evolution of the Northern Patagonian Andes -- 12. The origin of the Neogene transgressions during the Andean development -- 13. Landscape and tectonics of the Central Chilean Andes -- 14. Landscape and tectonics of the Northern Chilean Andes -- 15. The Neogene volcanic arc from the southern Altiplano to the Southern Central Andes.-16. Dynamic subsidence and uplift associated with the Pampean flat subduction zone -- 17.Thermal structure associated with the Pampean flat subduction zone -- 18. Architecture and evolution of the volcanic arc in the last 5 Ma along the Southern Central and Patagonian Andes -- 19.The late segmentation of the Southern Andes as a function of ocean bathymetry.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXV, 564 p. 166 illus., 162 illus. in color, online resource)
    ISBN: 9783319677743
    Series Statement: Springer Earth System Sciences
    Language: English
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2020-02-06
    Description: Highlights • 2-D velocity models at the highest slip patch during the Chilean 2010 Mw 8.8 earthquake. • The highest slip patch correlates with large accretionary prisms. • The highest slip patch correlates with low continental slope angles. • A similar pattern is observed along the giant 1960 Mw 9.5 earthquake rupture area. Abstract Subduction megathrust earthquakes show complex rupture behaviour and large lateral variations of slip. However, the factors controlling seismic slip are still under debate. Here, we present 2-D velocity-depth tomographic models across four trench-perpendicular wide angle seismic profiles complemented with high resolution bathymetric data in the area of maximum coseismic slip of the 8.8 Maule 2010 megathrust earthquake (central Chile, 34°–36°S). Results show an abrupt lateral velocity gradient in the trench-perpendicular direction (from 5.0 to 6.0 km/s) interpreted as the contact between the accretionary prism and continental framework rock whose superficial expression spatially correlates with the slope-shelf break. The accretionary prism is composed of two bodies: (1) an outer accretionary wedge (5–10 km wide) characterized by low seismic velocities of 1.8–3.0 km/s interpreted as an outer frontal prism of poorly compacted and hydrated sediment, and (2) the middle wedge (∼50 km wide) with velocities of 3.0–5.0 km/s interpreted as a middle prism composed by compacted and lithified sediment. In addition, the maximum average coseismic slip of the 2010 megathrust event is fairly coincident with the region where the accretionary prism and continental slope are widest (50–60 km wide), and the continental slope angle is low (〈5°). We observe a similar relation along the rupture area of the largest instrumentally recorded Valdivia 1960 9.5 megathrust earthquake. For the case of the Maule event, published differential multibeam bathymetric data confirms that coseismic slip must have propagated up to ∼6 km landwards of the deformation front and hence practically the entire base of the middle prism. Sediment dewatering and compaction processes might explain the competent rheology of the middle prism allowing shallow earthquake rupture. In contrast, the outer frontal prism made of poorly consolidated sediment has impeded the rupture up to the deformation front as high resolution seismic reflection and multibeam bathymetric data have not showed evidence for new deformation in the trench region.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2018-03-28
    Description: Non erosive margins are characterized by heavily sedimented trenches which obscure the morphological expression of the outer rise; a forebulge formed by the bending of the subducting oceanic lithosphere seaward of the trench. Depending on the flexural rigidity (D) of the oceanic lithosphere and the thickness of the trench sedimentary fill, sediment loading can affect the lithospheric downward deflection in the vicinity of the trench and hence the amount of sediment subducted. We used seismic and bathymetric data acquired off south central Chile, from which representative flexural rigidities are estimated and the downward deflection of the oceanic Nazca plate is studied. By flexural modeling we found that efficient sediment subduction preferentially occurs in weak oceanic lithosphere (low D), whereas wide accretionary prisms are usually formed in rigid oceanic lithosphere (high D). In addition, well developed forebulges in strong oceanic plates behaves as barrier to seaward transportation of turbidites, whereas the absence of a forebulge in weak oceanic plates facilitates seaward turbidite transportation for distances 〉200 km.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: The Chile Triple Junction (CTJ) is the place where the Chile Ridge (Nazca–Antarctic spreading center) is subducting beneath the continental South American plate. Sediment accretion is active to the south of the CTJ in the area where the northward migrating Chile Ridge has collided with the continent since 14 Ma. At the CTJ, tectonic erosion of the overriding plate narrows and steepens the continental slope. We present here a detailed tomographic image of the upper lithospheric Antarctic–South America subduction zone where the Chile Ridge collided with the continent 3–6 Ma off Golfo de Penas. Results reveal that a large portion of trench sediment has been scraped off and frontally accreted to the forearc forming a 70–80 km wide accretionary prism. The velocity–depth model shows a discontinuity at 30–40 km landward of the deformation front, which is interpreted as the contact between the frontal (poorly consolidated sedimentary unit) and middle (more compacted sedimentary unit) accretionary prism. The formation of this discontinuity could be related to a short term episode of reduced trench sedimentation. In addition, we model the shape of the continental slope using a Newtonian fluid rheology to study the convergence rate at which the accretionary prism was formed. Results are consistent with an accretionary prism formed after the collision of the Chile Ridge under slow convergence rate similar to those observed at present between Antarctic and South America (∼2.0 cm/a). Based on the kinematics of the Chile Ridge subduction during the last 13 Ma, we propose that the accretionary prism off Golfo de Penas was formed recently (∼5 Ma) after the collision of the Chile Ridge with South America.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2018-07-10
    Description: The pre- and current collision of the Juan Fernández Ridge with the central Chilean margin at 31°–33°S is characterized by large-scale crustal thinning and long-term subsidence of the submarine forearc caused by subduction erosion processes. Here, we study the structure of the central Chilean margin in the ridge–trench collision zone by using wide-angle and multichannel seismic data. The transition from the upper to middle continental slope is defined by a trenchward dipping normal scarp with variable offsets of 500–2000 m height. Beneath the scarp, the 2-D velocity–depth models show a prominent lateral velocity contrast of 〉1 s−1 that propagates deep into the continental crust defining a major lateral seismic discontinuity. The discontinuity is interpreted as the lithological contact between the subsided/collapsed outermost forearc (composed of eroded and highly fractured volcanic rocks) and the seaward part of the uplifted Coastal Cordillera (made of less fractured metamorphic/igneous rocks). Extensional faults are abundant in the collapsed outermost forearc, however, landward of the continental slope scarp, both extensional and compressional structures are observed along the uplifted continental shelf that forms part of the Coastal Cordillera. Particularly, at the landward flank of the Valparaíso Forearc Basin (32°–33.5°S), shallow crustal seismicity has been recorded in 2008–2009 forming a dense cluster of thrust events of Mw 4–5. The estimated hypocentres spatially correlate with the location of the fault scarp, and they highlight the upper part of the seismic crustal discontinuity.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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