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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Berlin/Boston :De Gruyter, Inc.,
    Keywords: Nematodes. ; Plant nematodes. ; Soil nematodes. ; Electronic books.
    Description / Table of Contents: The Handbook of Zoology provides an in-depth treatment of the entire animal kingdom covering both invertebrates and vertebrates. It publishes comprehensive overviews on animal systematics and morphology and covers extensively further aspects like physiology, behavior, ecology and applied zoological research.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (776 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9783110274257
    Language: English
    Note: Intro -- List of contributing authors -- 1 Morphology of Nematoda -- 1.1 General and external morphology -- 1.2 Integument or body wall -- 1.3 Musculature (Fig. 1.5 A-F) -- 1.4 Nervous system -- 1.5 Sensory structures -- 1.6 The digestive system -- 1.7 Body cavity or pseudocoel -- 1.8 Secretory-excretory system (S-E system) (Fig. 1.13) -- 1.9 Reproductive system and related reproduction -- 1.10 Gametes-gametogenesis -- Literature -- 2 Reproduction and development in Nematodes -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Reproduction -- 2.3 Sex determination -- 2.4 Embryonic development -- 2.5 Postembryonic development -- 2.6 Concluding remarks -- Literature -- 3 Ecology of free-living marine nematodes -- 3.1 General introduction -- 3.2 Spatial distribution patterns -- 3.3 Nematode abundance and diversity across marine habitats -- 3.4 Nematode biomass patterns -- 3.5 Nematode community composition patterns across marine habitats -- 3.6 Disturbance and pollution -- 3.7 Dispersal, colonization, population genetic structure and cryptic diversity of marine nematodes -- 3.8 Feeding ecology -- 3.9 Marine nematodes and energy flow -- 3.10 Trophic and non-trophic interactions with macrofauna -- 3.11 Nematodes and ecosystem functioning -- Literature -- 4 Ecology of Freshwater Nematodes -- 4.1 Morphology, collection and identification -- 4.2 Species richness -- 4.3 Abundance and species composition -- 4.4 Autecology of freshwater nematodes -- 4.5 Feeding types of freshwater nematodes -- 4.6 Role of nematodes in the benthic food web -- 4.7 Production and biomass -- 4.8 Ecotoxicology and applied ecology -- 4.9 Conclusion -- Literature -- 5 Outline on nematode phylogeny -- Literature -- 6 Palaeontology of nematodes -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Types of nematode fossils -- 6.3 Systematics of fossil nematodes -- 6.4 Questionable fossil nematodes -- 6.5 Summary -- Literature. , 7 Taxonomy -- 7.1 Order Benthimermithida Tchesunov, 1995 -- 7.1.1 Diagnosis -- 7.1.2 Distribution, biology and ecology -- 7.1.3 Sytematics and phylogeny -- 7.1.4 Key to genera -- Literature -- 7.2 Order Rhaptothyreida Tchesunov, 1995 -- 7.2.1 Diagnosis -- 7.2.2 Distribution, biology, and ecology -- 7.2.3 Systematics and phylogeny -- Literature -- 7.3 Order Enoplida -- 7.3.1 Introduction -- 7.3.2 Morphology -- 7.3.3 Classification -- Acknowledgements -- Literature -- 7.4 Order Triplonchida Cobb, 1919 -- 7.4.1 Introduction -- 7.4.2 Morphology -- 7.4.3 Phylogeny and taxonomy -- 7.4.4 Tobrilidae De Coninck, 1965 -- 7.4.5 Tripylidae de Man, 1876 -- 7.4.6 Onchulidae Andrássy, 1963 -- 7.4.7 Prismatolaimidae Micoletzky, 1922 -- 7.4.8 Bastianiidae De Coninck, 1965 -- 7.4.9 Odontolaimidae Gerlach & -- Riemann, 1974 -- 7.4.10 Triodontolaimidae De Coninck, 1965 -- 7.4.11 Rhabdodemaniidae Filipjev, 1934 -- 7.4.12 Pandolaimidae Belogurov, 1980 -- 7.4.13 Diphterophoridae Micoletzky, 1922 -- 7.4.14 Trichodoridae Thorne, 1935 -- Literature -- 7.5 Order Dorylaimida Pearse, 1942 -- 7.5.1 Diagnosis -- 7.5.2 Morphology -- 7.5.3 Diversity and systematics -- 7.5.4 Notes on the biology of Dorylaimida -- Acknowledgments -- Literature -- 7.6 Order Mononchida Jairajpuri, 1969 -- 7.6.1 Diagnosis -- 7.6.2 General morphology of Mononchina -- 7.6.3 General morphology of Bathyodontina -- 7.6.4 Diversity and taxonomy -- 7.6.5 Notes on their biology -- Acknowledgments -- Literature -- 7.7 Order Isolaimiida Cobb, 1920 -- 7.7.1 Introduction -- 7.7.2 Isolaimiidae Timm, 1969 -- Literature -- 7.8 Order Dioctophymatida -- 7.8.1 Introduction -- 7.8.2 Morphology -- 7.8.3 Reproduction and development -- 7.8.4 Phylogeny and taxonomy -- 7.8.5 Genus Dioctophyme Collet-Meygret, 1802 -- 7.8.6 Eustrongylides Jägerskiöld, 1909 -- 7.8.7 Hystrichis Dujardin, 1845 -- 7.8.8 Soboliphyme Petrow, 1930. , Acknowledgements -- Literature -- 7.9 Order Muspiceida -- 7.9.1 Historical diagnosis -- 7.9.2 Morphology -- 7.9.3 Life cycle -- 7.9.4 Diversity and taxonomy -- 7.9.5 Superfamily Muspiceoidea Roman, 1965 -- Literature -- 7.10 Order Marimermithida Rubtzov 1980, emend. Tchesunov 1995 -- 7.10.1 Diagnosis -- 7.10.2 Distribution, biology and ecology -- 7.10.3 Systematics and phylogeny -- 7.10.4 Key to genera -- 7.10.5 Notes on systematics of Marimermithida -- Literature -- 7.11 Order Desmoscolecida -- 7.11.1 Distribution and ecology (Fig. 7.83) -- 7.11.2 Morphology -- 7.11.3 Systematics -- Literature -- 7.12 Order Chromadorida Chitwood, 1933 -- 7.12.1 Family Chromadoridae Filipjev, 1917 -- 7.12.2 Family Cyatholaimidae Filipjev, 1918 -- 7.12.3 Family Achromadoridae Gerlach & -- Riemann, 1973 -- 7.12.4 Family Ethmolaimidae Filipjev & -- Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1941 -- 7.12.5 Family Neotonchidae Wieser & -- Hopper, 1966 -- 7.12.6 Family Selachinematidae Cobb, 1915 -- Literature -- 7.13 Order Desmodorida De Coninck, 1965 -- 7.13.1 Superfamily Desmodoroidea Filipjev, 1922 -- 7.13.2 Superfamily Microlaimoidea Micoletzky, 1922 -- Literature -- 7.14 Order Monhysterida Filipjev, 1929 -- 7.14.1 Superfamily Siphonolaimoidea Filipjev, 1918 -- 7.14.2 Superfamily Sphaerolaimoidea Filipjev, 1918 -- 7.14.3 Superfamily Monhysteroidea Filipjev, 1929 -- Acknowledgments -- Literature -- 7.15 Order Araeolaimida De Coninck, & -- Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1933 -- 7.15.1 Family Axonolaimidae Filipjev, 1918 -- 7.15.2 Family Bodonematidae -- 7.15.3 Family Comesomatidae Filipjev, 1918 -- 7.15.4 Family Coninckiidae Lorenzen, 1981 -- 7.15.5 Family Diplopeltidae Filipjev, 1918 -- Acknowledgments -- Literature -- 7.16 Order Plectida Gadea, 1973 -- 7.16.1 Introduction -- 7.16.2 Suborder Plectina -- 7.16.3 Suborder Ceramonematina -- Acknowledgments -- Literature. , 7.17 Order Rhabditina: "Rhabditidae" -- 7.17.1 Scientific significance of "Rhabditidae" -- 7.17.2 "Rhabditidae" as a paraphyletic taxon -- 7.17.3 Stemspecies pattern of "Rhabditidae" (Rhabditina) -- 7.17.4 Systematics -- 7.17.5 Habitats and modes of life -- 7.17.6 Convergences or parallelisms in morphology - a view on diversity -- 7.17.7 Striking characteristics of single lineages -- 7.17.8 Biogeography -- 7.17.9 Speciation -- Literature -- 7.18 Order Strongylida (Railliet & -- Henry, 1913) -- 7.18.1 Introduction -- 7.18.2 Morphology and taxonomy -- 7.18.3 Phylogeny -- 7.18.4 Biology and ecology -- 7.18.5 Suborder Strongylina (Weinland, 1858 superfamily) Durette-Desset & -- Chabaud, 1993 -- 7.18.6 Suborder Ancylostomatina (Looss, 1905 subfamily) Durette-Desset & -- Chabaud, 1993 -- 7.18.7 Suborder Trichostrongylina (Leiper 1908, family) Durette-Desset & -- Chabaud, 1993 -- 7.18.8 Suborder Metastrongylina (Lane, 1917 superfamily) Durette-Desset & -- Chabaud, 1993 -- Literature -- 7.19 Order Tylenchida Thorne, 1949 -- 7.19.1 Origin of Tylenchida -- 7.19.2 Suborder Tylenchina Chitwood in Chitwood and Chitwood, 1950 -- 7.19.3 Suborder Hoplolaimina Chizhov & -- Berezina, 1988 -- 7.19.4 Suborder Criconematina Siddiqi, 1980 -- 7.19.5 Suborder Hexatylina Siddiqi, 1980 -- Literature -- 7.20 Order Camallanida: Superfamilies Anguillicoloidea and Camallanoidea -- 7.20.1 Superfamily Anguillicoloidea -- 7.20.2 Superfamily Camallanoidea -- Acknowledgements -- Appendix -- Literature -- 7.21 Order Spirurida -- 7.21.1 Introduction -- 7.21.2 Superfamily Gnathostomatoidea Railliet, 1895 -- 7.21.3 Superfamily Physalopteroidea Railliet, 1893 -- 7.21.4 Superfamily Rictularioidea Hall, 1913 -- 7.21.5 Superfamily Thelazioidea Skrjabin, 1915 -- 7.21.6 Superfamily Spiruroidea Oerley, 1885 -- 7.21.7 Superfamily Habronematoidea Chitwood & -- Wehr, 1932. , 7.21.8 Superfamily Acuarioidea Railliet, Henry & -- Sisoff, 1912 -- 7.21.9 Superfamily Aproctoidea Yorke & -- Maplestone, 1926 -- 7.21.10 Superfamily Diplotriaenoidea Skrjabin, 1916 -- 7.21.11 Superfamily Filarioidea Weinland, 1858 -- Acknowledgements -- Literature -- Glossary -- Index.
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2019-08-19
    Description: In the Arctic Ocean, increased sea surface temperature and sea ice retreat have triggered shifts in phytoplankton communities. In Fram Strait, coccolithophorids have been occasionally observed to replace diatoms as the dominating taxon of spring blooms. Deep-sea benthic communities depend strongly on such blooms, but with a change in quality and quantity of primarily produced organic matter (OM) input, this may likely have implications for deep-sea life. We compared the in situ responses of Arctic deep-sea benthos to input of phytodetritus from a diatom (Thalassiosira sp.) and a coccolithophorid (Emiliania huxleyi) species. We traced the fate of 13C- and 15N-labelled phytodetritus into respiration, assimilation by bacteria and infauna in a 4-day and 14-day experiment. Bacteria were key assimilators in the Thalassiosira OM degradation, whereas Foraminifera and other infauna were at least as important as bacteria in the Emiliania OM assimilation. After 14 days, 5 times less carbon and 3.8 times less nitrogen of the Emiliania detritus was recycled compared to Thalassiosira detritus. This implies that the utilization of Emiliania OM may be less efficient than for Thalassiosira OM. Our results indicate that a shift from diatom-dominated input to a coccolithophorid-dominated pulse could entail a delay in OM cycling, which may affect benthopelagic coupling.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2017-12-26
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , notRev
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  • 4
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    COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
    In:  EPIC3Biogeosciences, COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH, 15, pp. 4849-4869, ISSN: 1726-4170
    Publication Date: 2018-08-16
    Description: Arctic Ocean surface sea-ice conditions are linked with the deep sea benthic oxygen fluxes via a cascade of interdependencies across ecosystem components such as primary production, food supply, activity of the benthic community, and their functions. Additionally, each ecosystem component is influenced by abiotic factors such as light availability, temperature, water depth, and grain size structure. In this study, we investigated the coupling between surface sea-ice conditions and deep-sea benthic remineralization processes through a cascade of interdependencies in the Fram Strait. We measured sea-ice concentrations, a variety of different sediment characteristics, benthic community parameters, and oxygen fluxes at 12 stations of the LTER HAUSGARTEN observatory, Fram Strait, at water depths of 275–2500 m. Our investigations reveal that the Fram Strait is bisected into two long-lasting and stable regions: (i) a permanently and highly sea-ice-covered area and (ii) a seasonally and low sea-icecovered area. Within the Fram Strait ecosystem, sea-ice concentration and water depth are two independent abiotic factors, controlling the deep-sea benthos. Sea-ice concentration correlated with the available food and water depth with the oxygen flux. In addition, both abiotic factors sea-ice concentration and water depth correlate with the macrofauna biomass. However, at water depths 〉 1500m the influence of the surface sea-ice cover is minimal with water depth becoming more dominant. Benthic remineralization across the Fram Strait on average is � 1 mmol Cm
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2020-07-02
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2019-12-20
    Description: Bioturbation is one of the key mediators of biogeochemical processes in benthic habitats that can have a high contribution to seafloor functioning and benthic pelagic coupling in coastal waters. Previous studies on bioturbation were limited to point locations and extrapolations in single regions, but have not accounted for regional differences under changing environmental conditions, though there are indications that species contributions will differ across regions or with biotic and abiotic context. To capture those differences and assess global patterns and commonalities, multi-regional analyses are imperative. Here for the first time, bioturbation potential (BPc), a functional indicator of benthic community bioturbation, was estimated based on macrofauna data from four regions (i.e. German Baltic Sea, German North Sea, Belgian part of the North Sea and the Eastern English Channel). For each region and sediment type we identified key species contributing to BPc. Comparison within and across regions demonstrated regional differences, and both overlap and mismatch between species that are functionally important and those that are dominant in biomass. Knowledge on the functionally important species is crucial when management objectives include the protection of certain ecosystem functions. Available environmental layers were used as predictors to model the spatial distribution of BPc for each area and to explore the underlying drivers of differences. Random forest models were trained using as response variables either i) BPc initially calculated per station; or ii) BPp – the species-specific contribution to BPc – for key species (with subsequent summation of their predicted full-coverage distributions to BPc). Maps of BPc distribution predicted by random forest were compared with those generated using natural neighbour interpolation. Overall, derived BPc values increased towards the German parts of the North and Baltic Seas. The relevance of BPc for ecosystem processes and functions, however, vary with biotic and abiotic settings. Results revealed a strong association of BPc with species diversity and region, but less with sediment grain size. A large range of BPc occurred when species richness was low. This suggests that the provisioning of high bioturbation activity is possible also under low diversity, where it is vulnerable due to reduced resilience. The executed multi-regional analysis allowed identifying regional differences in performance of macrofauna, suggesting the need for regionspecific conservation and management strategies. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.105945 Received 26 July 2019; Received in revised form 12 November 2019; Accepted 14 November 2019 ⁎ Corresponding author. E-mail address: mayya.gogina@io-warnemuende.de (M. Gogina). Ecological Indicators 110 (2020) 105945 1470-160X/ Crown Copyright © 2019 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. T
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 7
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    In:  EPIC32nd European Scientific Diving Conference, Lóven Centre, Kristineberg, Sweden, 2015-05-08-2015-05-11
    Publication Date: 2018-03-01
    Description: The western Antarctic Peninsula is one of the fastest warming regions on Earth, leading inter alia to glacier retreat, increasing glacial discharge and ice-scouring. While glacier retreat lays bare new settling ground, glacial discharge and ice-scouring are known factors modifying the structure of coastal benthic communities. However, effects on benthic biogeochemical processes like benthic carbon cycling remain largely unknown. To assess this question, diver-operated in situ measurements and sampling were performed at Potter Cove (King George Island, Antarctic Peninsula) at three sites, which differ in intensity of glacial discharge, frequency of ice-scouring and time since the Fourcade glacier retreated. Total and diffusive oxygen uptake (TOU and DOU), inorganic nitrogen fluxes and phosphate fluxes were determined and sediment characteristics and abundances of the dominant bivalve Laternula elliptica analysed. At the glacier front (recently glacier-free, high glacial discharge, high ice-scouring frequency) TOU, inorganic nitrogen and phosphate fluxes were lowest, while the highest fluxes were determined at the oldest glacier-free site (intermediate glacial discharge, intermediate ice-scouring frequency). In contrast, DOU revealed the opposite trend. At all sites TOU exceeded DOU at least five-fold, indicating that biogeochemical fluxes in Potter Cove were primarily mediated by macrofauna. This was partly supported by the trend of abundances of Laternula elliptica. Furthermore, sediment characteristics changed from silt-dominated at the glacier front to sand-dominated at the other sites. Our results reveal that high glacial discharge and high ice-scouring frequency influences benthic community structure, resulting in suppressed mineralization rates at glacier fronts. In contrast, intermediate disturbance seem to structure benthic communities in a way that causes higher mineralization rates compared to sites with low disturbances. In conclusion, ongoing warming will cause increasing remineralization rates in Antarctic coastal waters due to warming related increasing disturbance by glacial discharge and ice-scouring and their modifying effect on benthic community structures.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , notRev , info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject
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  • 8
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    In:  EPIC3Goldschmidt Conference, Pacifico Yokohama, Yokohama, Japan, 2015-06-26-2015-07-01
    Publication Date: 2018-01-01
    Description: Thinning sea ice and shrinking sea-ice coverage is currently changing production regimes in the pelagic and sympagic Arctic Ocean. It usually remains unknown, how these changes affect export fluxes and hence, benthic communities and remineralization rates in the Arctic deep sea. To tackle this question, we took sediment samples from two bathymetric transects in the Arctic Fram Strait - East Greenland continental slope and West Spitsbergen continental slope (i.e. HAUSGARTEN observatory) – characterized by annual high and low sea-ice coverage, respectively. We measured benthic oxygen consumption rates along with various biogenic parameters and characterized macro- and meiofauna communities. A comparison of the two bathymetric transects suggest that low sea-ice coverage may lead to increased food availability for deep-sea benthic communities and enhanced remineralization rates down to a depth of 2000 m. Below 2000 m depth, food availability and remineralization rates are less or even not affected by sea-ice coverage. Furthermore, our data indicate that from high to low sea-ice covered areas macrofauna abundances shifts from polychaete-dominated to nematode-dominated. Such a shift has not been found for macrofauna biomass and meiofauna abundance. This comparative study provides insights into deep-sea benthic activities and community structure in a region strongly influenced by global change. It could help to assess the fate of Arctic benthic ecosystems under future climate scenarios.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , notRev
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2017-12-26
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , notRev
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2017-12-26
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , notRev
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