Note: Intro -- List of contributing authors -- 1 Morphology of Nematoda -- 1.1 General and external morphology -- 1.2 Integument or body wall -- 1.3 Musculature (Fig. 1.5 A-F) -- 1.4 Nervous system -- 1.5 Sensory structures -- 1.6 The digestive system -- 1.7 Body cavity or pseudocoel -- 1.8 Secretory-excretory system (S-E system) (Fig. 1.13) -- 1.9 Reproductive system and related reproduction -- 1.10 Gametes-gametogenesis -- Literature -- 2 Reproduction and development in Nematodes -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Reproduction -- 2.3 Sex determination -- 2.4 Embryonic development -- 2.5 Postembryonic development -- 2.6 Concluding remarks -- Literature -- 3 Ecology of free-living marine nematodes -- 3.1 General introduction -- 3.2 Spatial distribution patterns -- 3.3 Nematode abundance and diversity across marine habitats -- 3.4 Nematode biomass patterns -- 3.5 Nematode community composition patterns across marine habitats -- 3.6 Disturbance and pollution -- 3.7 Dispersal, colonization, population genetic structure and cryptic diversity of marine nematodes -- 3.8 Feeding ecology -- 3.9 Marine nematodes and energy flow -- 3.10 Trophic and non-trophic interactions with macrofauna -- 3.11 Nematodes and ecosystem functioning -- Literature -- 4 Ecology of Freshwater Nematodes -- 4.1 Morphology, collection and identification -- 4.2 Species richness -- 4.3 Abundance and species composition -- 4.4 Autecology of freshwater nematodes -- 4.5 Feeding types of freshwater nematodes -- 4.6 Role of nematodes in the benthic food web -- 4.7 Production and biomass -- 4.8 Ecotoxicology and applied ecology -- 4.9 Conclusion -- Literature -- 5 Outline on nematode phylogeny -- Literature -- 6 Palaeontology of nematodes -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Types of nematode fossils -- 6.3 Systematics of fossil nematodes -- 6.4 Questionable fossil nematodes -- 6.5 Summary -- Literature. , 7 Taxonomy -- 7.1 Order Benthimermithida Tchesunov, 1995 -- 7.1.1 Diagnosis -- 7.1.2 Distribution, biology and ecology -- 7.1.3 Sytematics and phylogeny -- 7.1.4 Key to genera -- Literature -- 7.2 Order Rhaptothyreida Tchesunov, 1995 -- 7.2.1 Diagnosis -- 7.2.2 Distribution, biology, and ecology -- 7.2.3 Systematics and phylogeny -- Literature -- 7.3 Order Enoplida -- 7.3.1 Introduction -- 7.3.2 Morphology -- 7.3.3 Classification -- Acknowledgements -- Literature -- 7.4 Order Triplonchida Cobb, 1919 -- 7.4.1 Introduction -- 7.4.2 Morphology -- 7.4.3 Phylogeny and taxonomy -- 7.4.4 Tobrilidae De Coninck, 1965 -- 7.4.5 Tripylidae de Man, 1876 -- 7.4.6 Onchulidae Andrássy, 1963 -- 7.4.7 Prismatolaimidae Micoletzky, 1922 -- 7.4.8 Bastianiidae De Coninck, 1965 -- 7.4.9 Odontolaimidae Gerlach & -- Riemann, 1974 -- 7.4.10 Triodontolaimidae De Coninck, 1965 -- 7.4.11 Rhabdodemaniidae Filipjev, 1934 -- 7.4.12 Pandolaimidae Belogurov, 1980 -- 7.4.13 Diphterophoridae Micoletzky, 1922 -- 7.4.14 Trichodoridae Thorne, 1935 -- Literature -- 7.5 Order Dorylaimida Pearse, 1942 -- 7.5.1 Diagnosis -- 7.5.2 Morphology -- 7.5.3 Diversity and systematics -- 7.5.4 Notes on the biology of Dorylaimida -- Acknowledgments -- Literature -- 7.6 Order Mononchida Jairajpuri, 1969 -- 7.6.1 Diagnosis -- 7.6.2 General morphology of Mononchina -- 7.6.3 General morphology of Bathyodontina -- 7.6.4 Diversity and taxonomy -- 7.6.5 Notes on their biology -- Acknowledgments -- Literature -- 7.7 Order Isolaimiida Cobb, 1920 -- 7.7.1 Introduction -- 7.7.2 Isolaimiidae Timm, 1969 -- Literature -- 7.8 Order Dioctophymatida -- 7.8.1 Introduction -- 7.8.2 Morphology -- 7.8.3 Reproduction and development -- 7.8.4 Phylogeny and taxonomy -- 7.8.5 Genus Dioctophyme Collet-Meygret, 1802 -- 7.8.6 Eustrongylides Jägerskiöld, 1909 -- 7.8.7 Hystrichis Dujardin, 1845 -- 7.8.8 Soboliphyme Petrow, 1930. , Acknowledgements -- Literature -- 7.9 Order Muspiceida -- 7.9.1 Historical diagnosis -- 7.9.2 Morphology -- 7.9.3 Life cycle -- 7.9.4 Diversity and taxonomy -- 7.9.5 Superfamily Muspiceoidea Roman, 1965 -- Literature -- 7.10 Order Marimermithida Rubtzov 1980, emend. Tchesunov 1995 -- 7.10.1 Diagnosis -- 7.10.2 Distribution, biology and ecology -- 7.10.3 Systematics and phylogeny -- 7.10.4 Key to genera -- 7.10.5 Notes on systematics of Marimermithida -- Literature -- 7.11 Order Desmoscolecida -- 7.11.1 Distribution and ecology (Fig. 7.83) -- 7.11.2 Morphology -- 7.11.3 Systematics -- Literature -- 7.12 Order Chromadorida Chitwood, 1933 -- 7.12.1 Family Chromadoridae Filipjev, 1917 -- 7.12.2 Family Cyatholaimidae Filipjev, 1918 -- 7.12.3 Family Achromadoridae Gerlach & -- Riemann, 1973 -- 7.12.4 Family Ethmolaimidae Filipjev & -- Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1941 -- 7.12.5 Family Neotonchidae Wieser & -- Hopper, 1966 -- 7.12.6 Family Selachinematidae Cobb, 1915 -- Literature -- 7.13 Order Desmodorida De Coninck, 1965 -- 7.13.1 Superfamily Desmodoroidea Filipjev, 1922 -- 7.13.2 Superfamily Microlaimoidea Micoletzky, 1922 -- Literature -- 7.14 Order Monhysterida Filipjev, 1929 -- 7.14.1 Superfamily Siphonolaimoidea Filipjev, 1918 -- 7.14.2 Superfamily Sphaerolaimoidea Filipjev, 1918 -- 7.14.3 Superfamily Monhysteroidea Filipjev, 1929 -- Acknowledgments -- Literature -- 7.15 Order Araeolaimida De Coninck, & -- Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1933 -- 7.15.1 Family Axonolaimidae Filipjev, 1918 -- 7.15.2 Family Bodonematidae -- 7.15.3 Family Comesomatidae Filipjev, 1918 -- 7.15.4 Family Coninckiidae Lorenzen, 1981 -- 7.15.5 Family Diplopeltidae Filipjev, 1918 -- Acknowledgments -- Literature -- 7.16 Order Plectida Gadea, 1973 -- 7.16.1 Introduction -- 7.16.2 Suborder Plectina -- 7.16.3 Suborder Ceramonematina -- Acknowledgments -- Literature. , 7.17 Order Rhabditina: "Rhabditidae" -- 7.17.1 Scientific significance of "Rhabditidae" -- 7.17.2 "Rhabditidae" as a paraphyletic taxon -- 7.17.3 Stemspecies pattern of "Rhabditidae" (Rhabditina) -- 7.17.4 Systematics -- 7.17.5 Habitats and modes of life -- 7.17.6 Convergences or parallelisms in morphology - a view on diversity -- 7.17.7 Striking characteristics of single lineages -- 7.17.8 Biogeography -- 7.17.9 Speciation -- Literature -- 7.18 Order Strongylida (Railliet & -- Henry, 1913) -- 7.18.1 Introduction -- 7.18.2 Morphology and taxonomy -- 7.18.3 Phylogeny -- 7.18.4 Biology and ecology -- 7.18.5 Suborder Strongylina (Weinland, 1858 superfamily) Durette-Desset & -- Chabaud, 1993 -- 7.18.6 Suborder Ancylostomatina (Looss, 1905 subfamily) Durette-Desset & -- Chabaud, 1993 -- 7.18.7 Suborder Trichostrongylina (Leiper 1908, family) Durette-Desset & -- Chabaud, 1993 -- 7.18.8 Suborder Metastrongylina (Lane, 1917 superfamily) Durette-Desset & -- Chabaud, 1993 -- Literature -- 7.19 Order Tylenchida Thorne, 1949 -- 7.19.1 Origin of Tylenchida -- 7.19.2 Suborder Tylenchina Chitwood in Chitwood and Chitwood, 1950 -- 7.19.3 Suborder Hoplolaimina Chizhov & -- Berezina, 1988 -- 7.19.4 Suborder Criconematina Siddiqi, 1980 -- 7.19.5 Suborder Hexatylina Siddiqi, 1980 -- Literature -- 7.20 Order Camallanida: Superfamilies Anguillicoloidea and Camallanoidea -- 7.20.1 Superfamily Anguillicoloidea -- 7.20.2 Superfamily Camallanoidea -- Acknowledgements -- Appendix -- Literature -- 7.21 Order Spirurida -- 7.21.1 Introduction -- 7.21.2 Superfamily Gnathostomatoidea Railliet, 1895 -- 7.21.3 Superfamily Physalopteroidea Railliet, 1893 -- 7.21.4 Superfamily Rictularioidea Hall, 1913 -- 7.21.5 Superfamily Thelazioidea Skrjabin, 1915 -- 7.21.6 Superfamily Spiruroidea Oerley, 1885 -- 7.21.7 Superfamily Habronematoidea Chitwood & -- Wehr, 1932. , 7.21.8 Superfamily Acuarioidea Railliet, Henry & -- Sisoff, 1912 -- 7.21.9 Superfamily Aproctoidea Yorke & -- Maplestone, 1926 -- 7.21.10 Superfamily Diplotriaenoidea Skrjabin, 1916 -- 7.21.11 Superfamily Filarioidea Weinland, 1858 -- Acknowledgements -- Literature -- Glossary -- Index.