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  • 1
    Article
    Article
    The use of benthic indicators in Europe : from the Water Framework Directive to the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (2010)
    Associated volumes
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    In: Marine pollution bulletin, Oxford : Elsevier, 1968, 60(2010), Seite 2187-2196, 0025-326X
    In: volume:60
    In: year:2010
    In: pages:2187-2196
    Type of Medium: Article
    Pages: Ill.
    ISSN: 0025-326X
    DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2010.09.015
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationship Between Etomidate Plasma Concentration and EEG Effect in the Rat (1999)
    Springer
    Pharmaceutical research 16 (1999), S. 924-929 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: etomidate ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacodynamics ; rat ; electroencephalogram
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Purpose. The effect-plasma concentration relationship of etomidate was studied in the rat using electroencephalographic changes as a pharmacodynamic parameter. Methods. Etomidate was infused (50 mg/kg/h) in chronically instrumented rats (n = 6) until isoelectric periods of 5 s or longer were observed in the electroencephalogram (EEG). The EEG was continuously recorded during the experiment and frequent arterial blood samples were taken for determination of etomidate plasma concentrations. The changes observed in the raw EEG signal were quantified using aperiodic analysis in the 2.5−7.5 Hz frequency band. The return of the righting reflex was used as another parameter of anesthesia. Results. A mean dose of 8.58 ± 0.41 mg/kg needed to be infused to reach the end point of 5 s isoelectric EEG. The plasma concentration time profiles were most adequately fitted using a three-exponential model. Systemic clearance, volume of distribution at steady-state and elimination half-life averaged 93 ± 6 ml/min/kg, 4.03 ± 0.24 l/kg and 59.4 ± 10.7 min respectively. The EEG effect-plasma concentration relationship was biphasic exhibiting profound hysteresis. Semi-parametric minimization of this hysteresis revealed an equilibration half-life of 2.65 ± 0.15 min, and the biphasic effect-concentration relationship was characterized nonparametrically by descriptors. The effect-site concentration at the return of the righting reflex was 0.44 ± 0.03 μg/ml. Conclusions. The results of the present study show that the concentration-effect relationship of etomidate can be characterized in individual rats using aperiodic analysis in the 2.5−7.5 Hz frequency band of the EEG. This characterization can be very useful for studying the influence of diseases on the pharmacodynamics of etomidate in vivo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018894523734
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  • 3
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    The use of benthic indicators in Europe: from the Water Framework Directive to the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (2010)
    Elsevier
    In:  Marine Pollution Bulletin, 60 . pp. 2187-2196. Date online first: 2010
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-05
    Description: The Water Framework Directive (WFD) and the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) are the European umbrella regulations for water systems. It is a challenge for the scientific community to translate the principles of these directives into realistic and accurate approaches. The aim of this paper, conducted by the Benthos Ecology Working Group of ICES, is to describe how the principles have been translated, which were the challenges and best way forward. We have tackled the following principles: the ecosystem-based approach, the development of benthic indicators, the definition of ‘pristine’ or sustainable conditions, the detection of pressures and the development of monitoring programs. We concluded that testing and integrating the different approaches was facilitated during the WFD process, which led to further insights and improvements, which the MSFD can rely upon. Expert involvement in the entire implementation process proved to be of vital importance.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2010.09.015
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 4
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    Changes in North Sea macrofauna communities and species distribution between 1986 and 2000 (2011)
    Elsevier
    In:  Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 94 (1). pp. 1-15.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: The North Sea Benthos Project 2000 was initiated as a follow-up to the 1986 ICES North Sea Benthos Survey with the major aim to identify changes in the macrofauna species distribution and community structure in the North Sea and their likely causes. The results showed that the large-scale spatial distribution of macrofauna communities in the North Sea hardly changed between 1986 and 2000, with the main divisions at the 50 m and 100 m depth contours. Water temperature and salinity as well as wave exposure, tidal stress and primary production were influential environmental factors on a large (North Sea-wide) spatial scale. The increase in abundance and regional changes in distribution of various species with a southern distribution in the North Sea in 2000 were largely associated with an increase in sea surface temperature, primary production and, thus, food supply. This can be most likely related to the North Sea hydro-climate change in the late 1980s influenced by the variability in the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). Only one cold-temperate species decreased in abundance in 2000 at most of the stations. Indications for newly established populations of offshore non-native species were not found.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: other
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ecss.2011.04.008
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  • 5
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    Benthos distribution modelling and its relevance for marine ecosystem management (2014)
    OXFORD UNIV PRESS
    In:  EPIC3ICES Journal of Marine Science, OXFORD UNIV PRESS, ISSN: 1054-3139
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-06-25
    Description: Marine benthic ecosystems are difficult to monitor and assess, which is in contrast to modern ecosystem-based management requiring detailed information at all important ecological and anthropogenic impact levels. Ecosystem management needs to ensure a sustainable exploitation of marine resources as well as the protection of sensitive habitats, taking account of potential multiple-use conflicts and impacts over large spatial scales. The urgent need for large-scale spatial data on benthic species and communities resulted in an increasing application of distribution modelling (DM). The use of DM techniques enables to employ full spatial coverage data of environmental variables to predict benthic spatial distribution patterns. Especially, statistical DMs have opened new possibilities for ecosystem management applications, since they are straightforward and the outputs are easy to interpret and communicate. Mechanistic modelling techniques, targeting the fundamental niche of species, and Bayesian belief networks are the most promising to further improve DM performance in the marine realm. There are many actual and potential management applications ofDMsin the marine benthic environment, these are (i) earlywarning systems for species invasion and pest control, (ii) to assess distribution probabilities of species to be protected, (iii) uses in monitoring design and spatial management frameworks (e.g. MPA designations), and (iv) establishing long-term ecosystem management measures (accounting for future climate-driven changes in the ecosystem). It is important to acknowledge also the limitations associated with DM applications in a marine management context as well as considering new areas for futureDMdevelopments. The knowledge of explanatory variables, for example, setting the basis for DM, will continue to be further developed: this includes both the abiotic (natural and anthropogenic) and the more pressing biotic (e.g. species interactions) aspects of the ecosystem.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 6
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    Methodological elements for optimising the spatial monitoring design to support regional benthic ecosystem assessments (2019)
    In:  EPIC3Environmental Monitoring Assessment, 191, pp. 423
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-14
    Description: Benthic habitat condition assessments are a requirement under various environmental directives. The Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD),for example, challenges member states in a European sea region to perform comparable assessments of good environmental status and improve coherence of their monitoring programmes by 2020. Currently, North Sea countries operate independent monitoring programmes using nationally defined assessment areas. Lack of an agreed OSPAR or EU scale monitoring method and programme has been identified as a priority science need. This paper proposes a method for the development of a coherent and efficient spatial sampling design for benthic habitats on regional level and gives advice on optimal monitoring effort to get more accurate assessments. We use ecologically relevant assessment areas (strata) across national borders and test spatial sample allocation methods.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 7
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    A generic framework to assess the representation and protection of benthic ecosystems in European marine protected areas (2020)
    In:  EPIC3Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, 30(7), pp. 1253-1275, ISSN: 1052-7613
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-15
    Description: There is concern across the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) region that a consideration of vulnerable components and the wider support mechanisms underpinning benthic marine ecosystems may be lacking from the process of marine protected area (MPA) designation, management and monitoring. In this study, MPAs across six European ecoregions were assessed from a benthic ecology perspective. The study included 102 MPAs, designated by 10 countries, and focused on three aspects regarding the role of the benthos in: (i) the designation of MPAs; (ii) the management measures used in MPAs; and (iii) the monitoring and assessment of MPAs. Qualitative entries to a questionnaire based on an existing framework (EU project ‘Monitoring Evaluation of Spatially Managed Areas’, (MESMA) were collected by 19 benthic experts of the ICES Benthic Ecology Working Group. A pedigree matrix was used to apply a numerical scale (score) to these entries. The results showed clear differences in scores between ecoregions and between criteria. The designation‐phase criteria generally achieved higher scores than the implementation‐phase criteria. Poor designation‐phase scores were generally reiterated in the implementation‐phase scores, such as scores for assessment and monitoring. Over 70% of the MPA case studies were found to consider the benthos to some extent during selection and designation; however, this was not followed up with appropriate management measures and good practice during the implementation phase. Poor spatial and temporal coverage of monitoring and ineffective indicators is unlikely to pick up changes caused by management measures in the MPA. There is concern that without adequate monitoring and adaptive management frameworks, the MPAs will be compromised. Also, there could be an increased likelihood that, with regard to the benthos, they will fail to meet their conservation objectives. This assessment was successful in highlighting issues related to the representation and protection of the benthos in MPAs and where changes need to be made, such as expanding the characterization and monitoring of benthic species or habitats of interest. These issues could be attributable to an ongoing process and/or an indication that some MPAs only have ‘paper protection’.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 8
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    A General-Purpose Biotic Index to Measure Changes in Benthic Habitat Quality across Several Pressure Gradients (2021)
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 9, pp. 654
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-01
    Description: Realistic assessments of the ecological status of benthic habitats, as requested by European directives such as the Water Framework Directive and the European Marine Strategy Framework Directive, require biotic indices capable of detecting anthropogenic impact without having preliminary knowledge of the occurring pressures. In this context, a new general-purpose biotic index (GPBI) based on the deviation of benthic macrofauna community composition and structure from a valid reference (i.e., good ecological status) is proposed. GPBI is based on the assumption that as a site becomes impacted by a pressure, the most sensitive species are the first to disappear, and that stronger impacts lead to more important losses. Thus, it explicitly uses the within-species loss of individuals in the tested station in comparison to one or several reference stations as the basis of ecological status assessment. In this study, GPBI is successfully used in four case studies considering the impact of diversified pressures on benthic fauna: (1) maerl extraction in the northern Bay of Biscay, (2–3) dredging and trawling in the North Sea, and (4) hypoxic events at the seafloor in the Gullmarfjord. Our results show that GPBI was able to efficiently detect the impact of the different physical disturbances as well as that of hypoxia and that it performs better than commonly used pressure-specific indices (M-AMBI and TDI). Signal detection theory was used to propose a sound good/moderate ecological quality status boundary, and recommendations for future monitoring are also provided based on the reported performance of GPBI.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 9
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    Interregional comparison of benthic ecosystem functioning: Community bioturbation potential in four regions along the NE Atlantic shelf (2020)
    ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
    In:  EPIC3Ecological Indicators, ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 110(105945), ISSN: 1470-160X
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-12-20
    Description: Bioturbation is one of the key mediators of biogeochemical processes in benthic habitats that can have a high contribution to seafloor functioning and benthic pelagic coupling in coastal waters. Previous studies on bioturbation were limited to point locations and extrapolations in single regions, but have not accounted for regional differences under changing environmental conditions, though there are indications that species contributions will differ across regions or with biotic and abiotic context. To capture those differences and assess global patterns and commonalities, multi-regional analyses are imperative. Here for the first time, bioturbation potential (BPc), a functional indicator of benthic community bioturbation, was estimated based on macrofauna data from four regions (i.e. German Baltic Sea, German North Sea, Belgian part of the North Sea and the Eastern English Channel). For each region and sediment type we identified key species contributing to BPc. Comparison within and across regions demonstrated regional differences, and both overlap and mismatch between species that are functionally important and those that are dominant in biomass. Knowledge on the functionally important species is crucial when management objectives include the protection of certain ecosystem functions. Available environmental layers were used as predictors to model the spatial distribution of BPc for each area and to explore the underlying drivers of differences. Random forest models were trained using as response variables either i) BPc initially calculated per station; or ii) BPp – the species-specific contribution to BPc – for key species (with subsequent summation of their predicted full-coverage distributions to BPc). Maps of BPc distribution predicted by random forest were compared with those generated using natural neighbour interpolation. Overall, derived BPc values increased towards the German parts of the North and Baltic Seas. The relevance of BPc for ecosystem processes and functions, however, vary with biotic and abiotic settings. Results revealed a strong association of BPc with species diversity and region, but less with sediment grain size. A large range of BPc occurred when species richness was low. This suggests that the provisioning of high bioturbation activity is possible also under low diversity, where it is vulnerable due to reduced resilience. The executed multi-regional analysis allowed identifying regional differences in performance of macrofauna, suggesting the need for regionspecific conservation and management strategies. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.105945 Received 26 July 2019; Received in revised form 12 November 2019; Accepted 14 November 2019 ⁎ Corresponding author. E-mail address: mayya.gogina@io-warnemuende.de (M. Gogina). Ecological Indicators 110 (2020) 105945 1470-160X/ Crown Copyright © 2019 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. T
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 10
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    Macroecology of the European soft sediment benthos: insights from the Macroben database (2009)
    In:  EPIC3Marine Ecology Progress Series 382:, pp. 287-296
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: Macroecology provides a novel conceptual framework for analysis of the distribution and abundance of organisms at very large scales. Its rapid development in recent years has been driven primarily by studies of terrestrial taxa; the vast potential of marine systems to contribute to the macroecological research effort remains largely untapped. International collaborative efforts such as MarBEF have provided fresh impetus to the collation of regional databases of species occurrences, such as the newly available MacroBen database of the European soft sediment benthic fauna. Here, we provide a first macroecological summary of this unique database. We show that in common with almost all previously analysed assemblages, the frequency distribution of regional site occupancies across species in the MacroBen database is strongly right-skewed. More unusually, this right skew remains under logarithmic transformation. There is little evidence for any major differences between higher taxa in this frequency distribution (based on the 8 animal classes for which we have sufficient data). Indeed, considerable variation in occupancy persisted across the taxonomic hierarchy, such that most variation occurred between species within genera. There was a weak positive relationship between local population density and regional occupancy across species, but this abundanceoccupancy relationship varied considerably between higher taxa and between geographical areas. Our results highlight the potential of databases such as MacroBen to consolidate macroecological generalities and to test emerging theory.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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