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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Arctic Sea Ice Decline : Observations, Projections, Mechanisms, and Implications. (2008)
    Newark :American Geophysical Union,
    Details
    Keywords: Climatic changes--Environmental aspects--Arctic regions. ; Electronic books.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (279 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9781118671580
    Series Statement: Geophysical Monograph Series ; v.180
    URL: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/geomar/detail.action?docID=1207776
    DDC: 551.34/3091632
    Language: English
    Note: Intro -- Title Page -- Contents -- Preface -- Arctic Sea Ice Decline: Introduction -- Section I: Arctic Sea Ice in the Instrumented and Paleo-Proxy Records -- Recent Trends in Arctic Sea Ice and the Evolving Role of Atmospheric Circulation Forcing, 1979-2007 -- Reconstructing Sea Ice Conditions in the Arctic and Sub-Arctic Prior to Human Observations -- Section II: Factors in Sea Ice Sensitivity -- Arctic Cloud Properties and Radiative Forcing From Observations and Their Role in Sea Ice Decline Predicted by the NCAR CCSM3 Model During the 21st Century -- Some Aspects of Uncertainty in Predicting Sea Ice Thinning -- Sensitivity of Arctic Sea Ice Thickness to Intermodel Variations in the Surface Energy Budget -- The Atmospheric Response to Realistic Reduced Summer Arctic Sea Ice Anomalies -- Section III: Rapid Loss Versus Abrupt Transition -- Sea Ice-Albedo Feedback and Nonlinear Arctic Climate Change -- The Role of Natural Versus Forced Change in Future Rapid Summer Arctic Ice Loss -- Multiple Equilibria and Abrupt Transitions in Arctic Summer Sea Ice Extent -- What Is the Trajectory of Arctic Sea Ice? -- Analysis of Arctic Sea Ice Anomalies in a Coupled Model Control Simulation -- Section IV: The Threat to Polar Bears From Sea Ice Decline -- A Bayesian Network Modeling Approach to Forecasting the 21st Century Worldwide Status of Polar Bears -- Index.
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  • 2
    Book
    Book
    Arctic sea ice decline : observations, projections, mechanisms, and implications (2008)
    Washington, DC : American Geophysical Union
    Details Availability
    Keywords: Sea ice ; Climatic changes ; Environmental impact analysis ; Arctic regions Climate ; Konferenzschrift ; Arktis ; Arktische Zone ; Meereis ; Eisscholle ; Glaziologie ; Reduktion ; Nordpolarmeer ; Packeis ; Treibeis ; Meereskunde
    Type of Medium: Book
    Pages: VIII, 269 S. , Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.
    ISBN: 9780875904450
    Series Statement: Geophysical monograph 180
    URL: http://www.gbv.de/dms/goettingen/583918476.pdf
    URL: http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy1307/2008045367-d.html
    DDC: 551.34/3091632
    RVK:
    RZ 20414
    Language: English
    Note: This book grew out of a special session at the 2006 annual meeting of the American Geophysical Union titled "Rapid transition from perennial to seasonal Arctic sea ice"
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  • 3
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    A multi-model CMIP6-PMIP4 study of Arctic sea ice at 127 ka: sea ice data compilation and model differences (2021)
    COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
    In:  EPIC3Climate of the Past, COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH, 17(1), pp. 37-62, ISSN: 1814-9324
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-07
    Description: The Last Interglacial period (LIG) is a period with increased summer insolation at high northern latitudes, which results in strong changes in the terrestrial and marine cryosphere. Understanding the mechanisms for this response via climate modelling and comparing the models' representation of climate reconstructions is one of the objectives set up by the Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project for its contribution to the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project. Here we analyse the results from 16 climate models in terms of Arctic sea ice. The multi-model mean reduction in minimum sea ice area from the pre industrial period (PI) to the LIG reaches 50 % (multi-model mean LIG area is 3.20×106 km2, compared to 6.46×106 km2 for the PI). On the other hand, there is little change for the maximum sea ice area (which is 15–16×106 km2 for both the PI and the LIG. To evaluate the model results we synthesise LIG sea ice data from marine cores collected in the Arctic Ocean, Nordic Seas and northern North Atlantic. The reconstructions for the northern North Atlantic show year-round ice-free conditions, and most models yield results in agreement with these reconstructions. Model–data disagreement appear for the sites in the Nordic Seas close to Greenland and at the edge of the Arctic Ocean. The northernmost site with good chronology, for which a sea ice concentration larger than 75 % is reconstructed even in summer, discriminates those models which simulate too little sea ice. However, the remaining models appear to simulate too much sea ice over the two sites south of the northernmost one, for which the reconstructed sea ice cover is seasonal. Hence models either underestimate or overestimate sea ice cover for the LIG, and their bias does not appear to be related to their bias for the pre-industrial period. Drivers for the inter-model differences are different phasing of the up and down short-wave anomalies over the Arctic Ocean, which are associated with differences in model albedo; possible cloud property differences, in terms of optical depth; and LIG ocean circulation changes which occur for some, but not all, LIG simulations. Finally, we note that inter-comparisons between the LIG simulations and simulations for future climate with moderate (1 % yr−1) CO2 increase show a relationship between LIG sea ice and sea ice simulated under CO2 increase around the years of doubling CO2. The LIG may therefore yield insight into likely 21st century Arctic sea ice changes using these LIG simulations.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 4
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    Antarctic Sea Ice Area in CMIP6 (2020)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Geophysical Research Letters, Wiley, 47(9), ISSN: 0094-8276
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-06-02
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 5
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    The Future of Sea Ice Modeling: Where Do We Go from Here? (2020)
    AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
    In:  EPIC3Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC, 101(8), pp. E1304-E1311, ISSN: 0003-0007
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-09-14
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 6
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    The Abisko Polar Prediction School (2016)
    AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
    In:  EPIC3Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC, ISSN: 0003-0007
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-01-27
    Description: Polar regions are experiencing rapid climate change, faster than elsewhere on Earth with consequences for the weather and sea ice. This change is opening up new possibilities for businesses such as tourism, shipping, fisheries and oil and gas extraction, but also bringing new risks to delicate polar environments. Effective weather and climate prediction is essential to managing these risks, however our ability to forecast polar environmental conditions over periods from days to decades ahead falls far behind our abilities in the mid-latitudes. In order to meet the growing societal need for young scientists trained in this area, a Polar Prediction School for early career scientists from around the world was held in April 2016.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 7
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    Polar-lower latitude linkages and their role in weather and climate prediction (2015)
    AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
    In:  EPIC3Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC, ISSN: 0003-0007
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-06-11
    Description: International Workshop on Polar-lower Latitude Linkages in Weather and Climate Prediction What: Eighty experts from twenty different countries met to assess recent progress in, and new directions for, our understanding of the mechanisms governing polar-lower latitude linkages and their role in weather and climate prediction including services. When: 10–12 December 2014 Where: Barcelona, Spain
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 8
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    The Community Climate System Model version 3 (CCSM3) (2010)
    American Meteorological Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © American Meteorological Society 2006. This article is posted here by permission of American Meteorological Society for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Climate 19 (2006): 2122–2143, doi:10.1175/JCLI3761.1.
    Description: The Community Climate System Model version 3 (CCSM3) has recently been developed and released to the climate community. CCSM3 is a coupled climate model with components representing the atmosphere, ocean, sea ice, and land surface connected by a flux coupler. CCSM3 is designed to produce realistic simulations over a wide range of spatial resolutions, enabling inexpensive simulations lasting several millennia or detailed studies of continental-scale dynamics, variability, and climate change. This paper will show results from the configuration used for climate-change simulations with a T85 grid for the atmosphere and land and a grid with approximately 1° resolution for the ocean and sea ice. The new system incorporates several significant improvements in the physical parameterizations. The enhancements in the model physics are designed to reduce or eliminate several systematic biases in the mean climate produced by previous editions of CCSM. These include new treatments of cloud processes, aerosol radiative forcing, land–atmosphere fluxes, ocean mixed layer processes, and sea ice dynamics. There are significant improvements in the sea ice thickness, polar radiation budgets, tropical sea surface temperatures, and cloud radiative effects. CCSM3 can produce stable climate simulations of millennial duration without ad hoc adjustments to the fluxes exchanged among the component models. Nonetheless, there are still systematic biases in the ocean–atmosphere fluxes in coastal regions west of continents, the spectrum of ENSO variability, the spatial distribution of precipitation in the tropical oceans, and continental precipitation and surface air temperatures. Work is under way to extend CCSM to a more accurate and comprehensive model of the earth's climate system.
    Description: We would like to acknowledge the substantial contributions to and support for the CCSM project from the National Science Foundation (NSF), the Department of Energy (DOE), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 9
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    Observations of sea-ice deformation and floe interaction from satellite observations and airborne laser scanner surveys during MOSAiC (2022)
    In:  EPIC3International MOSAiC Science Conference, 2022-04-25-2022-04-29
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-04
    Description: Arctic sea ice is a mosaic of ice floes whose distribution greatly impacts the interaction of sea ice with the atmosphere and the ocean. However, we are still lacking physics to describe the complex interplay of ice floes that are a key characteristic of sea ice. Kilometer-scale satellite and buoy observations have been used to describe the deformation of sea-ice as a continuum of floes, whereas ice fracture of individual floes has been studied in laboratory and field experiments. In our contribution, we aim to bridge this gap and outline a framework to characterize sea-ice deformation at the floe-scale from observational data by studying the mechanical interaction of multiple identifiable floes. We use Sentinel SAR imagery and airborne laser scanner surveys acquired during the MOSAiC expedition to map ice floes in the larger area around Polarstern. This combination of data products allows us to describe the floe-size distribution from hundreds of kilometers down to the meter-scale. With the repeated coverage of both data products, ice motion is tracked and deformation estimates are derived. By combining both floe-size estimates and deformation rates we provide insights into how the floe composition changes in regions that were exposed to deformation. This relationship between floe sizes and mechanical redistribution could constrain parameterizations to improve the representation of sea-ice deformation and floe sizes in large-scale continuum models. Finally, we highlight the potential to use the presented floe and deformation information to initialise and evaluate floe-resolving sea-ice simulations using discrete element models.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , notRev
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  • 10
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    Observations of sea-ice deformation and floe interaction from satellite observations and airborne laser scanner surveys during MOSAiC (2022)
    In:  EPIC3Ocean Sciences Meeting, 2022-02-24-2022-03-04
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-07-11
    Description: Arctic sea ice is a mosaic of ice floes whose distribution greatly impacts the interaction of sea ice with the atmosphere and the ocean. However, we are still lacking physics to describe the complex interplay of ice floes that are a key characteristic of sea ice. Kilometer-scale satellite and buoy observations have been used to describe the deformation of sea-ice as a continuum of floes, whereas ice fracture of individual floes has been studied in laboratory and field experiments. In our contribution, we aim to bridge this gap and outline a framework to characterize sea-ice deformation at the floe-scale from observational data by studying the mechanical interaction of multiple identifiable floes. We use Sentinel SAR imagery and airborne laser scanner surveys acquired during the MOSAiC expedition to map ice floes in the larger area around Polarstern. This combination of data products allows us to describe the floe-size distribution from hundreds of kilometers down to the meter-scale. With the repeated coverage of both data products, ice motion is tracked and deformation estimates are derived. By combining both floe-size estimates and deformation rates we provide insights into how the floe composition changes in regions that were exposed to deformation. This relationship between floe sizes and mechanical redistribution could constrain parameterizations to improve the representation of sea-ice deformation and floe sizes in large-scale continuum models. Finally, we highlight the potential to use the presented floe and deformation information to initialise and evaluate floe-resolving sea-ice simulations using discrete element models.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , NonPeerReviewed
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