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  • 1
    Keywords: Hochschulschrift ; Nordpolarmeer ; Tiefdruckgebiet ; Meereis ; Grönlandsee ; Tiefdruckgebiet ; Treibeis ; Zirkulationsmodell
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 149 S. = 16 398,6 KB) , graph. Darst., Kt
    DDC: 550
    Language: German
    Note: Hamburg, Univ., Diss, 2005
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  • 2
    Keywords: Forschungsbericht
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (402 Seiten, 9,42 MB) , Diagramme, Karten
    Language: German
    Note: Förderkennzeichen BMWi 03ET1341A , Verbundnummer 01164445 , Unterschiede zwischen dem gedruckten Dokument und der elektronischen Ressource können nicht ausgeschlossen werden
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 82 (1997), S. 4982-4985 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Temperature dependent Hall effect measurements were made on Na-contaminated and uncontaminated epitaxial p-type CuIn1−xGaxSe2 films. Na was introduced by diffusion into as-deposited samples using both NaOH and Na2Se as sources. Na concentrations were measured using secondary ion mass spectroscopy by comparison to an implanted standard. Films contaminated with Na from either source were found to have much lower compensating donor densities than as-deposited films. Oxygen and other impurities were not found to be necessary to produce this effect although some changes with Se content were observed. These were independent of the Na effect. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 83 (1998), S. 1519-1526 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Temperature dependent mobility, resistivity, and carrier concentration measurements were made on epitaxial single crystal thin films of group III-rich CuIn1−xGaxSe2 (CIGS). The films were produced using a hybrid sputtering and evaporation process on GaAs substrates. Samples with average Ga/(In+Ga) values between 0.03 and 1.0 and Cu/(In+Ga) between 0.73 and 1.00 were measured. All films were p type with room-temperature carrier concentrations between 4×1016 and 2×1019 cm−3. Fits to electrical measurements were consistent with the presence of two acceptor levels, with activation energies of 167±20 and 42±8 meV at low Ga contents, and compensating donors in all samples. Increasing Ga content was found to increase acceptor density and decrease acceptor level depth. Hole mobilities near room temperature were found to be between 167 and 311 cm2/V s and peak mobilities were between 439 and 1760 cm2/V s. Mobility behavior did not change significantly as a function of composition or the presence of a Ga gradient. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 69 (1996), S. 4068-4070 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Ga diffusion in single crystal Cu(In1−xGax)Se2 (CIGS) epitaxial layers on GaAs was measured as a function of the Cu/In ratio in the CIGS. No Ga was supplied intentionally during deposition but Ga was released by the substrates into the growing film. The concentration profile of the Ga was determined by secondary ion mass spectrometry and was fit by numerical solution of Fick's second law including motion of the surface and the possibility of Ga desorption from the surface. All films studied had Cu/(In+Ga) ratios greater than 1.0, which was determined by the Ga outdiffusion from the GaAs. The Cu/In ratio was controlled by the deposition conditions. The Ga diffusivity was a minimum near a Cu/In ratio of 1.0 and increased rapidly for both higher and lower values of this ratio. The diffusivity ranged from a minimum of 2.7×10−13 cm2/s at Cu/In=0.94 to 5×10−11 cm2/s−12 cm2/s at Cu/In=1.41 and 7×10−12 cm2/s at Cu/In=0.43. It was concluded that Ga diffuses on metal vacancies on either the Cu or In sublattice. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pediatric surgery international 4 (1989), S. 101-104 
    ISSN: 1437-9813
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A restospective study was performed on all babies presenting to Princess Mary Hospital, Auckland, with conjugated hyperbilirubinaemia. Twenty-six were diagnosed as having biliary atresia. Of these, 7 (27%) are excreting bile and remain jaundice free, 1 remains jaundiced but is still alive, and the remainder (69%) have died of terminal liver failure. Seven babies had associated anomalies. The incidence in Polynesians was 10 times higher than that in Caucasians. Ultrasound plus DISIDA scan was extremely sensitive at diagnosing the condition. Cholangitis remains the major postoperative problem, affecting all excretors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    World journal of surgery 17 (1993), S. 146-153 
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Après avoir passé en revue les connaissances actuelles de la réponse métabolique à la chirurgie abdominale, nous présentons deux nouvelles études dan lesquelles les changements dans la composition corporelle, les fonctions physiologique et psychologique ont été suivies pendant un an après une chirurgie abdominale majeure. Dans la première, comportant 46 patients, la perte de poids corporel moyenne a été de 3000 g (valeur maximale à deux semaines), composé de 1400 g de lipides, 600 g de protéines, et de 1000 g d'eau. La composition corporelle est revenue à la normale six mois plus tard chez la plupart des patients. La deuxième étude a intéressé 74 patients, où le déficit de la fonction musculaire squelletique et la fatigue ont été retrouvés au maximum au 7è jour postopératoire. Le retour aux taux préopératoires a été observé pour la plupart des patients 30 jours après et pour pratiquement tous les opérés, 90 jours après. Nous basant sur les résultats de cette étude, nous avons établi une politique de soutien métabolique pour tout patient ayant une intervention de chirurgie abdominale majeure.
    Abstract: Resumen Después de revisar el conocimiento actual sobre la respuesta metabólica a la cirugía abdominal, presentamos dos nuevos estudios en los cuales se determinaron los cambios en composición corporal, función fisiológica y estado psicológico por un periodo de hasta un año luego de cirugía mayor. En el primer estudio se midieron tales cambios en 46 pacientes en la fase perioperatorio y a diferentes intervalos hasta un año después de la operación. Se encontró una pérdida promedio de peso corporal de 3000 g (máxima a las dos semanas) y la composición tisular de tal pérdida representada por 1400 g de grasa, 600 g de proteína y 100 g de agua. La composición corporal retornó a su estado normal en el curso de seis meses en la mayoría de los pacientes. En el segundo estudio, sobre 84 pacientes, se encontraron máximos déficits de la función muscular esquelética y fatiga en el 7° día postoperatorío. La mayoría de los pacientes retornaron a sus niveles preoperatorios de función muscular y de fatiga a los 30 días después de la cirugía y casi todos presentaban valores normales a los 90 días.
    Notes: Abstract After reviewing our current knowledge of the metabolic response to major abdominal surgery, we present two new studies in which we have followed the changes in body composition, physiologic function, and psychological function for up to 1 year after major surgery. In the first study, 46 patients had changes in body composition, physiologic function, and psychological function measured perioperatively and again at intervals up to 1 year. There was an average loss of weight of 3000 grams (maximum at 2 weeks), and the tissue composition of this weight loss was composed of 1400 grams fat, 600 grams protein, and 1000 grams water. Normal body composition had returned to normal in most patients by 6 months. In the second study of 84 patients, deficits of skeletal muscle function and fatigue were found to be greatest at postoperative day 7. Most patients were back to preoperative levels of muscle function and fatigue 30 days after surgery, and nearly all had normal values 90 days after surgery. Based on these studies we outline our management program for the metabolic care of patients undergoing major abdominal surgery.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    World journal of surgery 17 (1993), S. 226-231 
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'asthénie post-opératoire a été determinée de façon prospective chez 84 patients ayant eu un acte chirugical majeur, en utilisant un score comportant 10 échelons (1=en forme, 10=asthénie franche). Les résultats de ce questionnaire étaient bien corrélés avec les tests psychologiques standard d'évaluation de l'asthénie (questionnaire d'évaluation de l'humeur) (bir=0.767;bip 〈 0.001). L'asthénie a été chiffrée, en unités arbitraires (valeur moyenne±écart-type de la moyenne) à 3.46±0.19 en pré-opératoire, et en post-opératoire à 5.61±0.24 à J+7, 5.02±0.24 à J+14, 3.74±0.19 O J+28, et 2.77±0.18 à J+90. Les estimations de l'asthénie durant la période post-opératoire ont été intégrées pour donner un score d'asthénie globale (332±14 unités arbitraires, extrêmes: 90–664) qui a été corrélé aux facteurs pré-opératoires et post-opératoires précoces. Le meilleur facteur prédictif de la survenue d'une asthénie post-opératoire était l'existence d'une asthénie pré-opératoire (bir=0.545;bip=0.001), les autres facteurs prédictifs étant le diagnostic (particulièrement celui de cancer), le poids préopératoire, et plus particulièrement le taux de protéine corporelle total (bir=0.317;bip=0.01), et la perte de poids (bir=0.29;bip=0.03), la force de préhension (bir=0.352;bip=0.01), et l'âge (bir=0.267;p=0.01). L'asthénie post-opératoire n'était pas corrélée à l'anxiété pré-opératoire, la dépression ou l'aggressivité, la fonction des muscles lisses, le sexe, le stress pré-opératoire, ou les modifications du taux de protéine et de lipide corporels totaux durant les deux semaines post-opératoires. En conclusion ce sont les patients qui sont déjà fatigués au moment de l'intervention qui se plaignent le plus souvent d'une asthénie post-opératoire prolongée. Ceci est particulièrement vrai chez les patients âgés, ou qui ont un cancer, et qui ont de faibles réserves de protéines corporelles.
    Abstract: Resumen La fatiga postoperatoria según una escala de 10 puntos (1 = sin fatiga, 10=fatigado) fue determinada prospectivamente en 84 paciente sometidos a cirugía mayor; los resultados de la utilización de esta escala se correlacionan bien con la valoración psicológica estándar de la fatiga (Cuestionario de Perfil de los Estados Emocionales) (bir=0.767;bip〈0.0001). Los valores de fatiga fueron de 3.46±0.19 unidades arbitrarias preoperatoriamente, 5.61±0.24 en el día 28 y 2.77±0.18 en el día 90 del periodo postoperatorio. La fatiga del periodo postoperatorio fue integrada para dar un puntaje total de fatiga (332±14 unidades arbitrarias, rango: 90–664), y éste fue correlacionado con los factores preoperatorios y postoperatorios precoces. El mejor factor de predicción de fatiga postoperatoria fue la fatiga preoperatoria (bir=0.545;bip=0.001), con menores correlaciones con el diagnóstico (especialmente cáncer), el peso preoperatorio, la proteína corporal total en particular (bir=0.317;bip=0.01) y la pérdidea de peso (bir=0.29;bip=0.03), la fuerza del apretón de manos (bir=0.352;bip=0.01) y la edad (bir=0.267; p=0.01). La fatiga postoperatoria no se correlacionó con la ansiedad preoperatoria, la depresión o la hostilidad, la función muscular involuntaria, el sexo, el estrés preoperatorio o los cambios en la proteína corporal total o la grasa corporal en las dos semanas postoperatorias. Se llega a la conclusión que los pacientes que se presentan a cirugía ya fatigados son los que más probablemente habrán de sufrir fatiga postoperatoria prolongada. Esto aparece particularmente cierto si son de edad avanzada, o tienen cáncer o poseen escasas reservas de proteína corporal.
    Notes: Abstract Postoperative fatigue as defined by a 10-point scale (1=fit, 10=fatigued) was determined prospectively in 84 patients undergoing major surgery. Results from this scale correlated well with standard psychological assessment of fatigue (Profile of Mood States Questionnaire) (bir=0.767;bip〈0.0001). Fatigue values were 3.46±0.19 arbitrary units (mean±SEM) preoperatively; and postoperatively they were 5.61±0.24 at day 7, 5.02±0.24 at day 14, 3.74±0.19 at day 28, and 2.77±0.18 at day 90. Fatigue during the postoperative period was integrated to give a total fatigue score (332±14 arbitrary units, range 90–664), and this score was correlated with preoperative and early postoperative factors. The best predictor of postoperative fatigue was preoperative fatigue (bir=0.545;bip=0.001), with lesser correlations with diagnosis (especially cancer); preoperative weight, particularly total body protein (bir=0.317;bip=0.01); and weight loss (bir=0.29;bip=0.03), grip strength (bir=0.352;bip=0.01), and age (bir=0.267;bip=0.01). Postoperative fatigue was not correlated with preoperative anxiety, depression, or hostility, involuntary muscle function, gender, preoperative stress, or changes in total body protein or fat over the two postoperative weeks. It is concluded that patients who present for surgery already fatigued are the ones who are most likely to suffer from prolonged postoperative fatigue, particularly so if they are elderly, suffer from cancer, or have few extra reserves of body protein.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 4 (1975), S. 355-365 
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract A study has been conducted on the transformation of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in simulated natural water conditions. It has been found that these forms are readily interconvertible under natural water conditions. The results of this study indicate that Cr(VI) is reduced by Fe(II), dissolved sulfides, and certain organic compounds with sulfhydryl groups, while Cr(III) is oxidized by a large excess of MnO2 and at a slow rate by Oz under conditions approximating those in natural waters. Based on the results of these studies, water quality standards for Cr should be based on total Cr rather than on Cr(VI), as has been frequently done in the past.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
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    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 121 (3). pp. 1931-1952.
    Publication Date: 2019-04-04
    Description: The Arctic sea ice cover is thinning and retreating, causing changes in surface roughness that in turn modify the momentum flux from the atmosphere through the ice into the ocean. New model simulations comprising variable sea ice drag coefficients for both the air and water interface demonstrate that the heterogeneity in sea ice surface roughness significantly impacts the spatial distribution and trends of ocean surface stress during the last decades. Simulations with constant sea ice drag coefficients as used in most climate models show an increase in annual mean ocean surface stress (0.003 N/m2 per decade, 4.6%) due to the reduction of ice thickness leading to a weakening of the ice and accelerated ice drift. In contrast, with variable drag coefficients our simulations show annual mean ocean surface stress is declining at a rate of -0.002 N/m2 per decade (3.1%) over the period 1980-2013 because of a significant reduction in surface roughness associated with an increasingly thinner and younger sea ice cover. The effectiveness of sea ice in transferring momentum does not only depend on its resistive strength against the wind forcing but is also set by its top and bottom surface roughness varying with ice types and ice conditions. This reveals the need to account for sea ice surface roughness variations in climate simulations in order to correctly represent the implications of sea ice loss under global warming
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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