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  • 11
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    The effect of diagenesis and fluid migration on rare earth element distribution in pore fluids of the northern Cascadia accretionary margin (2012)
    Elsevier
    In:  Chemical Geology, 291 . pp. 152-165.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-10-24
    Description: Analytical challenges in obtaining high quality measurements of rare earth elements (REEs) from small pore fluid volumes have limited the application of REEs as deep fluid geochemical tracers. Using a recently developed analytical technique, we analyzed REEs from pore fluids collected from Sites U1325 and U1329, drilled on the northern Cascadia margin during the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 311, to investigate the REE behavior during diagenesis and their utility as tracers of deep fluid migration. These sites were selected because they represent contrasting settings on an accretionary margin: a ponded basin at the toe of the margin, and the landward Tofino Basin near the shelf's edge. REE concentrations of pore fluid in the methanogenic zone at Sites U1325 and U1329 correlate positively with concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and alkalinity. Fractionations across the REE series are driven by preferential complexation of the heavy REEs. Simultaneous enrichment of diagenetic indicators (DOC and alkalinity) and of REEs (in particular the heavy elements Ho to Lu), suggests that the heavy REEs are released during particulate organic carbon (POC) degradation and are subsequently chelated by DOC. REE concentrations are greater at Site U1325, a site where shorter residence times of POC in sulfate-bearing redox zones may enhance REE burial efficiency within sulfidic and methanogenic sediment zones where REE release ensues. Cross-plots of La concentrations versus Cl, Li and Sr delineate a distinct field for the deep fluids (z 〉 75 mbsf) at Site U1329, and indicate the presence of a fluid not observed at the other sites drilled on the Cascadia margin. Changes in REE patterns, the presence of a positive Eu anomaly, and other available geochemical data for this site suggest a complex hydrology and possible interaction with the igneous Crescent Terrane, located east of the drilled transect.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.10.010
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 12
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    Active methane venting observed at giant pockmarks along the U.S. mid-Atlantic shelf break (2008)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © Elsevier B.V., 2007. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Elsevier B.V. for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Earth and Planetary Science Letters 267 (2008): 341-352, doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2007.11.053.
    Description: Detailed near-bottom investigation of a series of giant, kilometer scale, elongate pockmarks along the edge of the mid-Atlantic continental shelf confirms that methane is actively venting at the site. Dissolved methane concentrations, which were measured with a commercially available methane sensor (METS) designed by Franatech GmbH mounted on an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV), are as high as 100 nM. These values are well above expected background levels (1-4 nM) for the open ocean. Sediment pore water geochemistry gives further evidence of methane advection through the seafloor. Isotopically light carbon in the dissolved methane samples indicates a primarily biogenic source. The spatial distribution of the near-bottom methane anomalies (concentrations above open ocean background), combined with water column salinity and temperature vertical profiles, indicate that methane-rich water is not present across the entire width of the pockmarks, but is laterally restricted to their edges. We suggest that venting is primarily along the top of the pockmark walls with some advection and dispersion due to local currents. The highest methane concentrations observed with the METS sensor occur at a small, circular pockmark at the southern end of the study area. This observation is compatible with a scenario where the larger, elongate pockmarks evolve through coalescing smaller pockmarks.
    Description: This work was supported by NSF grants OCE- 0242426, OCE-0242804 and OCDE-0242449 and ONR grant N00014-02-1-0691.
    Keywords: Pockmarks ; Seafloor venting ; Methane ; AUV
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Preprint
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 13
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    Anomalous porosity preservation and preferential accumulation of gas hydrate in the Andaman accretionary wedge, NGHP-01 site 17A (2015)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: This paper is not subject to U.S. copyright. The definitive version was published in Marine and Petroleum Geology 58A (2014): 99-116, doi:10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2014.04.009.
    Description: In addition to well established properties that control the presence or absence of the hydrate stability zone, such as pressure, temperature, and salinity, additional parameters appear to influence the concentration of gas hydrate in host sediments. The stratigraphic record at Site 17A in the Andaman Sea, eastern Indian Ocean, illustrates the need to better understand the role pore-scale phenomena play in the distribution and presence of marine gas hydrates in a variety of subsurface settings. In this paper we integrate field-generated datasets with newly acquired sedimentology, physical property, imaging and geochemical data with mineral saturation and ion activity products of key mineral phases such as amorphous silica and calcite, to document the presence and nature of secondary precipitates that contributed to anomalous porosity preservation at Site 17A in the Andaman Sea. This study demonstrates the importance of grain-scale subsurface heterogeneities in controlling the occurrence and distribution of concentrated gas hydrate accumulations in marine sediments, and document the importance that increased permeability and enhanced porosity play in supporting gas concentrations sufficient to support gas hydrate formation. The grain scale relationships between porosity, permeability, and gas hydrate saturation documented at Site 17A likely offer insights into what may control the occurrence and distribution of gas hydrate in other sedimentary settings.
    Description: The financial support for the NGHP01, from the Oil Industry Development Board, Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Ltd., GAIL (India) Ltd. and Oil India Ltd. is gratefully acknowledged. We also acknowledge the support extended by all the participating organizations of the NGHP: MoP&NG, DGH, ONGC, GAIL, OIL, NIO, NIOT, and RIL.
    Keywords: Porosity ; Permeability ; Grain size ; Indian Ocean ; Gas hydrate ; Saturation ; Volcanic ash ; Carbonate
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 14
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    Pulsed subduction accretion and tectonic erosion reconstructed since 2.5 Ma from the tephra record offshore Costa Rica (2006)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2005. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 6 (2005): Q09016, doi:10.1029/2005GC000963.
    Description: Tephra layers recovered by Ocean Drilling Program from the forearc and trench regions offshore the Nicoya Peninsula of Costa Rica allow the temporal evolution of the volcanic arc to be reconstructed since 2.5 Ma. Major and trace element analyses by microprobe methods reveal a dominant tholeiitic character and a provenance in the Costa Rican area. The tephra show long-term coherent variability in geochemistry. One tephra dated at 1.45 Ma shows minimum values in ɛ Nd and maximum Li/Y consistent with very high degrees of sediment recycling at this time. However, overall Li/Y and δ7Li increase with SiO2 content, suggesting addition of heavy Li through forearc tectonic erosion and crustal assimilation. Peak values in δ7Li starting at 1.45 Ma and lasting ∼0.5 m.y. indicate enhanced tectonic erosion of the forearc possibly caused by subduction of a seamount at 1.45 Ma. The tephra record indicates significant temporal variability in terms of sediment subduction, reconciling the geologic evidence for long-term tectonic erosion and geochemical evidence for recent sediment accretion in the modern Central American arc.
    Description: Financial support for the analytical work was gratefully received from JOI-USSAC. The lithium isotope work was supported in part by National Science Foundation grant OCE-990554 to L.H.C.
    Keywords: Costa Rica ; Subduction ; Geochemistry ; Tephra
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Format: 1261051 bytes
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 15
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    Fifty Years of Scientific Ocean Drilling (2019)
    Oceanography Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Author Posting. © Oceanography Society , 2019. This article is posted here by permission of Oceanography Society for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Becker, K., Austin, J. A., Jr., Exon, N., Humphris, S., Kastner, M., McKenzie, J. A., Miller, K. G., Suyehiro, K., & Taira, A. Fifty years of scientific ocean drilling. Oceanography, 32(1), (2019):17-21, doi:10.5670/oceanog.2019.110.
    Description: Nearly a century after the first systematic study of the global ocean and seafloor by HMS Challenger (1871–1876), US scientists began to drill beneath the seafloor to unlock the secrets of the ~70% of Earth’s surface covered by the seas. Fifty years of scientific ocean drilling by teams of international partners has provided unparalleled advancements in Earth sciences. Here, we briefly review the history, impacts, and scientific achievements of five decades of coordinated scientific ocean drilling.
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 16
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    Barite precipitation on suspended organic matter in the mesopelagic zone (2020)
    Frontiers Media
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2020. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Martinez-Ruiz, F., Paytan, A., Gonzalez-Munoz, M. T., Jroundi, F., Abad, M. M., Lam, P. J., Horner, T. J., & Kastner, M. Barite precipitation on suspended organic matter in the mesopelagic zone. Frontiers in Earth Science, 8, (2020): 567714, doi:10.3389/feart.2020.567714.
    Description: Mechanisms underlying barite precipitation in seawater and the precise depths of barite precipitation in the water column have been debated for decades. Here we present a detailed study of water column barite distribution in the mesopelagic zone at diverse stations in the open ocean by analyzing samples collected using multiple unit large volume in-situ filtration systems in the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian oceans. Our results demonstrate that barite is an organo-mineral particularly abundant at intermediate depths throughout the world’s ocean regardless of saturation state with respect to barite. This is confirming the notion of precipitation at depths of intense organic matter mineralization. Our observations further support the link between barite formation and microbial activity, demonstrated by the association of barite particles with organic matter aggregates and with extracellular polymeric substances. Evidence for microbial mediation is consistent with previous experimental work showing that in bacterial biofilms Ba binds to phosphate groups on cell surfaces and within extracellular polymeric substances. This organo-accumulation promotes high concentrations of Ba leading to saturated microenvironments and nucleation sites favoring precipitation. The distribution of Ba isotopes in the water column and in particulate matter is also consistent with the proposed precipitation mechanism.
    Description: This study was supported by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) co-financed grants CGL2017-92600-EXP and PID2019-104624RB-I00 (Agencia Estatal de Investigación, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Spain), Research Groups RNM-179 and BIO 103, and Excellence Projects P18-RT-3804 and P18-RT-4074 (Junta de Andalucía), Unidad Científica de Excelencia UCE-PP2016-05 (University of Granada) and grant OCE-1443577.
    Keywords: Pelagic barite ; Organo-mineralization ; Barite saturation state ; Extracellular polymeric substances ; Bioaccumulation
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 17
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    Sediment and pore fluid chemistry for IODP Sites 311-U1325 and 311-U1329 (2012)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Kim, Ji-Hoon; Torres, Marta E; Haley, Brian A; Kastner, Miriam; Pohlman, John W; Riedel, Michael; Lee, Young-Joo (2012): The effect of diagenesis and fluid migration on rare earth element distribution in pore fluids of the northern Cascadia accretionary margin. Chemical Geology, 291, 152-165, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.10.010
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-04-27
    Description: Analytical challenges in obtaining high quality measurements of rare earth elements (REEs) from small pore fluid volumes have limited the application of REEs as deep fluid geochemical tracers. Using a recently developed analytical technique, we analyzed REEs from pore fluids collected from Sites U1325 and U1329, drilled on the northern Cascadia margin during the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 311, to investigate the REE behavior during diagenesis and their utility as tracers of deep fluid migration. These sites were selected because they represent contrasting settings on an accretionary margin: a ponded basin at the toe of the margin, and the landward Tofino Basin near the shelf's edge. REE concentrations of pore fluid in the methanogenic zone at Sites U1325 and U1329 correlate positively with concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and alkalinity. Fractionations across the REE series are driven by preferential complexation of the heavy REEs. Simultaneous enrichment of diagenetic indicators (DOC and alkalinity) and of REEs (in particular the heavy elements Ho to Lu), suggests that the heavy REEs are released during particulate organic carbon (POC) degradation and are subsequently chelated by DOC. REE concentrations are greater at Site U1325, a site where shorter residence times of POC in sulfate-bearing redox zones may enhance REE burial efficiency within sulfidic and methanogenic sediment zones where REE release ensues. Cross-plots of La concentrations versus Cl, Li and Sr delineate a distinct field for the deep fluids (z 〉 75 mbsf) at Site U1329, and indicate the presence of a fluid not observed at the other sites drilled on the Cascadia margin. Changes in REE patterns, the presence of a positive Eu anomaly, and other available geochemical data for this site suggest a complex hydrology and possible interaction with the igneous Crescent Terrane, located east of the drilled transect.
    Keywords: 311-U1325; 311-U1329; Cascadia Margin Gas Hydrates; COMPCORE; Composite Core; Exp311; Integrated Ocean Drilling Program / International Ocean Discovery Program; IODP; Joides Resolution; North Pacific; off Vancouver Island
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 2 datasets
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 18
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    Temperature, δ¹⁸O, δ¹³C, K, Rb, and Sr concentrations and 87Sr/86Sr values of calcites from DSDP Site 92-597 and fish teeth from DSDP Sites 15-149, 68-502, and 98-576 and from sediment cores AMPH-116 and DODO-111
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Staudigel, Hubert; Kastner, Miriam; Sturz, Anne Aleda (1986): d18O and 87Sr/86Sr of calcites from the basaltic basement of Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 597: timing and temperature of alteration. In: Leinen, M; Rea DK; et al. (eds.), Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, Washington (U.S. Govt. Printing Office), 92, 499-503, https://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.92.131.1986
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-05-12
    Description: Calcites from the basaltic basement at Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 597, containing 3.4 to 4.4 mol % MgCO3, were analyzed for d13C, d18O, 87Sr/86Sr, K, Rb, and Sr concentrations. The d13C values range from 1.9 to 2.4 per mil (relative to PDB) and are typical for calcites from the extrusive layer of the oceanic crust. The d18O values of calcites are very uniform and unusually high (2.33 to 2.77 per mil, PDB), which suggest temperatures of formation of 1.5 to 2.9°C and 0.03 to 1.7°C using the calibrations of O'Neil et al. (1969) and Epstein et al. (1953), respectively (after correction for MgCO3), and assuming - l per mil for the late Oligocene/early Miocene bottom water. Paleogene bottom waters are thought to have been warmer than those of present day, and hence the calibration of Epstein et al. (1953) yields more reasonable temperatures for late Oligocene/early Miocene bottom waters. K and Rb concentrations are very low, which is consistent with their incompatible character. Sr/Ca ratios of calcites from sub-basement depths less than 35 m are typical for calcites precipitated from pure seawater, whereas the lowermost sample, from a sub-basement depth of 78 m, appears to contain substantial amounts of basaltic Ca. The 87Sr/86Sr ratios of seawater calcites range from 0.708192 to 0.708349, suggesting that they precipitated from 20 to 28 Ma seawater, or within 8 m.y. after formation of the oceanic crust at Site 597. Our data for calcites from Site 597, drilled on fast-spreading oceanic crust, are similar to data for carbonates from slowspreading crust, except that the high d18O values of the former suggest low temperatures of formation. The low temperatures of calcite formation apparently indicate that the oceanic crust at Site 597 was unusually permeable, allowing rapid circulation of seawater.
    Keywords: Deep Sea Drilling Project; DSDP
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 3 datasets
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 19
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    Shipboard acoustic doppler current profiling during cruise MV9911 (SAC ID 00440) (2005)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-24
    Keywords: Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler; ADCP; Current velocity, east-west; Current velocity, north-south; DATE/TIME; DEPTH, water; LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; Melville; MV9911; MV9911_00440; Shipboard Acoustic Doppler Current Profiling (SADCP); Ship velocity, absolute east-west, standard deviation; Ship velocity, absolute east-west components means; Ship velocity, absolute north-south components mean; Ship velocity, absolute north-south standard deviation; Temperature, technical; Temperature, technical, standard deviation; WOCE; World Ocean Circulation Experiment
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 11478 data points
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  • 20
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    Geochemistry on sapropel deposition in the eastern Mediterranean from core TTR-GL94
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-05-12
    Keywords: Antimony; Arsenic; Atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS); Barium; Bromine; Calcium carbonate; Carbon, organic, total; Clay minerals; Copper; DEPTH, sediment/rock; GC; Gravity corer; Inductively coupled plasma - mass spectrometry (ICP-MS); Iodine; Iodine/Bromine ratio; Iron; Manganese; Mediterranean Sea; Nickel; Nitrogen, total; Potassium; Quartz; Rubidium; Titanium; TTR-GL94; X-ray fluorescence (XRF); Zinc; Zirconium
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 228 data points
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