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  • 1
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    BedMachine v3: Complete Bed Topography and Ocean Bathymetry Mapping of Greenland From Multibeam Echo Sounding Combined With Mass Conservation (2017)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    In:  Geophysical Research Letters, 44 (21). 11.051-11.061.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-06
    Description: Greenland's bed topography is a primary control on ice flow, grounding line migration, calving dynamics, and subglacial drainage. Moreover, fjord bathymetry regulates the penetration of warm Atlantic water (AW) that rapidly melts and undercuts Greenland's marine-terminating glaciers. Here we present a new compilation of Greenland bed topography that assimilates seafloor bathymetry and ice thickness data through a mass conservation approach. A new 150 m horizontal resolution bed topography/bathymetric map of Greenland is constructed with seamless transitions at the ice/ocean interface, yielding major improvements over previous data sets, particularly in the marine-terminating sectors of northwest and southeast Greenland. Our map reveals that the total sea level potential of the Greenland ice sheet is 7.42 ± 0.05 m, which is 7 cm greater than previous estimates. Furthermore, it explains recent calving front response of numerous outlet glaciers and reveals new pathways by which AW can access glaciers with marine-based basins, thereby highlighting sectors of Greenland that are most vulnerable to future oceanic forcing.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1002/2017GL074954
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 2
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    Seafloor geomorphology and glacimarine sedimentation associated with fast-flowing ice sheet outlet glaciers in Disko Bay, West Greenland (2017)
    Elsevier
    In:  Quaternary Science Reviews, 169 . pp. 206-230.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-06
    Description: Highlights • Glacial sediment-landform assemblages are documented from Disko Bay, West Greenland. • Jakobshavn Isbræ extended through the bay onto the continental shelf during the LGM. • Retreat was topographically controlled and changed from rapid to slow. • The depositional sedimentary environment was similar to East Greenland. • Glacimarine sedimentary processes depend on local controls rather than climate. Fast-flowing outlet glaciers currently drain the Greenland Ice Sheet (GIS), delivering ice, meltwater and debris to the fjords around Greenland. Although such glaciers strongly affect the ice sheet's mass balance, their glacimarine processes and associated products are still poorly understood. This study provides a detailed analysis of lithological and geophysical data from Disko Bay and the Vaigat Strait in central West Greenland. Disko Bay is strongly influenced by Jakobshavn Isbræ, Greenland's fastest-flowing glacier, which currently drains ∼7% of the ice sheet. Streamlined glacial landforms record the former flow of an expanded Jakobshavn Isbræ and adjacent GIS outlets through Disko Bay and the Vaigat Strait towards the continental shelf. Thirteen vibrocores contain a complex set of lithofacies including diamict, stratified mud, interbedded mud and sand, and bioturbated mud deposited by (1) suspension settling from meltwater plumes and the water column, (2) sediment gravity flows, and (3) iceberg rafting and ploughing. The importance of meltwater-related processes to glacimarine sedimentation in West Greenland fjords and bays is emphasised by the abundance of mud preserved in the cores. Radiocarbon dates constrain the position of the ice margin during deglaciation, and suggest that Jakobshavn Isbræ had retreated into central Disko Bay before 10.6 cal ka BP and to beyond Isfjeldsbanken by 7.6–7.1 cal ka BP. Sediment accumulation rates were up to 1.7 cm a−1 for ice-proximal glacimarine mud, and ∼0.007–0.05 cm a−1 for overlying distal sediments. In addition to elucidating the deglacial retreat history of Jakobshavn Isbræ, our findings show that the glacimarine sedimentary processes in West Greenland are similar to those in East Greenland, and that variability in such processes is more a function of time and glacier proximity than of geographic location and associated climatic regime.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.05.021
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 3
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    Sediment loading at the southern Chilean trench and its tectonic implications (2013)
    Elsevier
    In:  Journal of Geodynamics, 66 . pp. 134-145.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-28
    Description: Non erosive margins are characterized by heavily sedimented trenches which obscure the morphological expression of the outer rise; a forebulge formed by the bending of the subducting oceanic lithosphere seaward of the trench. Depending on the flexural rigidity (D) of the oceanic lithosphere and the thickness of the trench sedimentary fill, sediment loading can affect the lithospheric downward deflection in the vicinity of the trench and hence the amount of sediment subducted. We used seismic and bathymetric data acquired off south central Chile, from which representative flexural rigidities are estimated and the downward deflection of the oceanic Nazca plate is studied. By flexural modeling we found that efficient sediment subduction preferentially occurs in weak oceanic lithosphere (low D), whereas wide accretionary prisms are usually formed in rigid oceanic lithosphere (high D). In addition, well developed forebulges in strong oceanic plates behaves as barrier to seaward transportation of turbidites, whereas the absence of a forebulge in weak oceanic plates facilitates seaward turbidite transportation for distances 〉200 km.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jog.2013.02.009
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 4
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    Seismic rupture during the 1960 Great Chile and the 2010 Maule earthquakes limited by a giant Pleistocene submarine slope failure (2013)
    Wiley
    In:  Terra Nova, 25 . pp. 472-477.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: Determining factors that limit coseismic rupture is important to evaluate the hazard of powerful subduction zone earthquakes such as the 2011 Tohoku-Oki event (Mw = 9.0). In 1960 (Mw = 9.5) and 2010 (Mw = 8.8), Chile was hit by such powerful earthquakes, the boundary of which was the site of a giant submarine slope failure with chaotic debris subducted to seismogenic zone depth. Here, a continuous décollement is absent, whereas away from the slope failure, a continuous décollement is seismically imaged. We infer that underthrusting of inhomogeneous slide deposits prevents the development of a décollement, and thus the formation of a thin continuous slip zone necessary for earthquake rupture propagation. Thus, coseismic rupture during the 1960 and 2010 earthquakes seems to be limited by underthrusted upper plate mass-wasting deposits. More generally, our results suggest that upper plate dynamics and resulting surface processes can play a key role for determining rupture size of subduction zone earthquakes
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1111/ter.12060
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 5
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    Glacial and tectonic control on fjord morphology and sediment deposition in the Magellan region (53°S), Chile (2013)
    Elsevier
    In:  Marine Geology, 346 . pp. 31-46.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-06-23
    Description: In the Patagonian Andes erosion by temperate Pleistocene glaciers has produced a deeply incised fjord system in which glacial and non-glacial sedimentswere deposited since the Late Glacial glacier retreat. So far, fjord bathymetry and structures in the sediment infill were widely unexplored. Here we report the results of an investigation of morphology and sediment characteristics of a 250 km long fjord transect across the southernmost Andes (53°S), using multibeam and parametric echosounder data, and sediment cores. Subaquatic morphology reveals continuity of on-land tectonic lineaments mapped using field and remote sensing data. Our results indicate that glacial erosion and fjord orientation are strongly controlled by three major strike-slip fault zones. Furthermore, erosion is partly controlled by older and/or reactivated fracture zones as well as by differential resistance of the basement units to denudation. Basement morphology is regionally superimposed by Late Glacial and Holocene subaquatic moraines, which are associated to known glacier advances. The moraines preferentially occur on basement highs, which constrained the glacier flows. This suggests that the extent of glacier advances was also controlled by basement morphology. Subaquatic mass flows, fluid vent sites as well as distinct Late Glacial and Holocene sediment infills have furthermore modified fjord bathymetry. In the western fjord system close to the Strait of Magellan subaquatic terraces occur in 20 to 30 m water depth, providing an important tag for proglacial lake level during the Late Glacial.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1016/j.margeo.2013.07.015
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 6
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    Bathymetry data reveal glaciers vulnerable to ice-ocean interaction in Uummannaq and Vaigat glacial fjords, west Greenland (2016)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    In:  Geophysical Research Letters, 43 (6). pp. 2667-2674.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-02-01
    Description: Marine-terminating glaciers play a critical role in controlling Greenland's ice sheet mass balance. Their frontal margins interact vigorously with the ocean, but our understanding of this interaction is limited, in part, by a lack of bathymetry data. Here we present a multibeam echo sounding survey of 14 glacial fjords in the Uummannaq and Vaigat fjords, west Greenland, which extends from the continental shelf to the glacier fronts. The data reveal valleys with shallow sills, overdeepenings (〉 1300 m) from glacial erosion, and seafloor depths 100-1000 m deeper than in existing charts. Where fjords are deep enough, we detect the pervasive presence of warm, salty Atlantic Water (AW) (〉 2.5 degrees C) with high melt potential, but we also find numerous glaciers grounded on shallow (〈 200 m) sills, standing in cold (〈 1 degrees C) waters in otherwise deep fjords, i.e., with reduced melt potential. Bathymetric observations extending to the glacier fronts are critical to understand the glacier evolution.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1002/2016GL067832
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 7
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    Bathymetric charts of the Southeast Pacific (2012)
    GEOMAR
    In:  GEOMAR Bathymetric Charts . GEOMAR, Kiel, Germany, 20 charts pp.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-10-20
    Type: Report , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: other
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    OceanRep: Report - other report
  • 8
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    Echolot - Die Tiefe hören, 4.000 Jahre Tiefenmessung im Ozean: die Entwicklung des Echolots und seine Bedeutung für das Verständnis des Systems Erde (2018)
    GEOMAR
    In:  GEOMAR, Kiel, 31 pp.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-01-19
    Description: Diese Broschüre und die gleichnamige Ausstellung befassen sich mit der Entwicklung des Echolots, für das der Kieler Physiker und Unternehmer Alexander Behm im Jahr 1913 das erste Patent erhielt. Erfahren Sie mehr über die Geschichte der Tiefenmessung im Ozean – von den ersten Handloten im alten Ägypten über die dampfgetriebenen Lotmaschinen des 19. Jahrhunderts, der Entwicklung der ozeanischen Tiefenkarten bis hin zur heutigen Vermessung des Meeresbodens mit modernen Fächerecholoten.
    Type: Report , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.3289/ECHOLOT_2017
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    OceanRep: Report - other report
  • 9
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    Morphology of the Andaman outer shelf and upper slope of the Thai exclusive economic zone (2012)
    Elsevier
    In:  Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 46 . pp. 78-85.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-08-07
    Description: Following the devastating 2004 tsunami that hit the southwestern coast of Thailand, the need for detailed bathymetric data of the Andaman Sea outer shelf became evident in order to better predict tsunami wave propagation and coastal impact. Bathymetric data and subbottom profiler records covering the outer shelf and upper slope of the Thai exclusive economic zone (EEZ) were collected onboard Thai RV Chakratong Tongyai in 2006 and 2007. The data cover an area of approximately 3000 km2 between 500 and 1600 m water depth. The soundings allowed generating a final bathymetric grid with 50 m grid cell spacing. The outer shelf is rather smooth and slightly inclined southward, while the upper slope is strongly dissected by gullies. Several previously unknown features are identified including mud-domes, pockmarks, three large plateaus surrounded by moats, gas-charged sediment on subbottom profiler records, and only few indications for small submarine landslides on the upper slope. The largest of these possibly translational submarine landslides involved 2.2×107 m3 of sediment. This slide would have generated a tsunami wave of less than 0.12 m wave height. Considering the entire data, there is no evidence that landslides have been the source of tsunami waves in recent geological time. Highlights
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2011.11.003
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 10
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    Bathymetric chart of the Southeast Pacific: MAP SHEET s45w88 (2012)
    GEOMAR
    In:  (Map) GEOMAR, Kiel, Germany.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-10-24
    Type: Map , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: other
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    OceanRep: Map
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