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  • 1
    Type of Medium: Book
    Pages: [Getr. Zählung] , Ill., graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: Report / University of Göteborg, Department of Marine Geology 7
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Keywords: Grönland Südwest ; Küstengebiet ; Klimaänderung ; Grönland Südwest ; Fjord ; Meeresboden
    Type of Medium: Book
    Pages: 34 S. , graph. Darst., Kt.
    Series Statement: Berichte zur Polarforschung 331
    Language: English
    Note: Zsfassung in engl., dt., dän., grönländ., norweg. und isländ. Sprache
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  • 3
    Keywords: Hochschulschrift
    Type of Medium: Book
    Pages: 138 S , Ill., graph. Darst., Kt
    Language: English
    Note: Auch als Sekundärausg. vorh , Kiel, Univ., Diss., 1980
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Ocean dynamics 38 (1985), S. 147-164 
    ISSN: 1616-7228
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Lithologische und mikropaläontologische Daten von Kolbenlotkernen und Aufzeichnungen eines 3,5-kHz-Sedimentecholotes zeigen, daß auf der Madeira Tiefsee-Ebene Turbidite weit verbreitet sind. Die laterale Ausdehnung der größeren feinkörnigen (tonig-siltigen) Turbidite beträgt mindestens 300 km, wobei im Einzelfall Mächtigkeiten bis zu 5 bis 6 m erreicht werden. Während der letzten 200 000 Jahre gab es sechs kurze Abschnitte, in denen Suspensionsströme größeren Ausmaßes auftraten. Sie fallen mit Perioden erheblicher Meeresspiegeländerungen zusammen. Während einer solchen Periode waren die Voraussetzungen für die Entwicklung größerer Suspensionsströme offensichtlich nur auf kurze Zeitspannen von wenigen Jahrzehnten beschränkt. Herkunftsgebiete der Turbidite sind der nordwestafrikanische Kontinentalrand nördlich 20° N und die Unterwasserhänge von Madeira und den Kanarischen Inseln. Instabilitäten in den Hangbereichen der Entstehungsgebiete verursachten hangabwärts gerichtete Sedimentbewegungen, die lediglich die Oberflächensedimente erfaßten. Eine extrem große Massenbewegung erfolgte am Ende des letzten Glazials, wobei sich diese Prozesse bis zur Grenze unterer Kontinentalabhang/Tiefsee-Ebene auf ungefähr 24° W ausbreiteten. Ein Herkunftsgebiet, das südlich 20° N und mehr als 1400 km im Süden liegt, muß für einen kleinen Turbidit angenommen werden, der zu Beginn des Holozän abgelagert wurde. Ein Sedimenttransport, der über eine so große Entfernung vorwiegend hangparallel erfolgt, ist höchstwahrscheinlich eine Folge verstärkter „Contour currents”.
    Abstract: Résumé Des prélèvements lithologiques et micropaléontologiques au carottier à piston, de même que des enregistrements sur 3,5 kHz, montrent que les turbidites sont largement étendues sur la plaine abyssale de Madère. La continuité latérale des turbidites à granulation fine (argile-vase) est au moins de 300 km avec des turbidites particulières pouvant atteindre 5 à 6 m d'épaisseur. Au cours des 200 000 dernières années, ont eu lieu six cas d'activité de courant de turbidité à grande échelle; ceux-ci coincident avec des périodes de montée ou de baisse significatives des eaux. Au cours de telles périodes les conditions d'activité de courant de turbidité à grande échelle sont apparemment limitées à de courts intervalles de temps ne dépassant pas plusieurs dizaines d'années. La zone origine de ces turbidites est la bordure continentale africaine Nord-Ouest au Nord du parallèle 20° N, et les pentes continentales de Madère et des Iles Canaries. Il est conclu que les conditions d'instabilité de la pente continentale dans la zone origine, ont entraîné un glissement de sédiments vers les bas des seuls sédiments des couches superficielles. Un cas d'écoulement de masse extrêmement important s'est produit à la finde la dernière glaciation, quand le processus d'écoulement de matériaux détritiques s'est étendu aussi loin que la plus basse limite entre la pente continentale et la plaine abyssale aux alentours du méridien 24° W. Une zone origine à plus de 1400 km au Sud du parallèle 20° N doit être considérée en cas d' une petite turbidite déposée au début de l'Holocène. Le transport de sédiment sur une telle distance est en grande partie parallèle à la pente continentale, et le plus vraisemblablement imputable à l'augmentation temporaire d'activité du courant de contour.
    Notes: Summary Lithological and micropaleontological data from piston cores as well as 3.5 kHz records show that turbidites are widespread on the Madeira Abyssal Plain. Lateral continuity of the major fine-grained (clay-silt) turbidites is at least 300 km with individual turbidites being up to 5 to 6 m thick. Within the last 200 000 years, six events of large-sclae turbidity flow activity occurred, that coincided with periods of significant sea level rise or fall. During such a period conditions of large-scale turbidity flow activity are apparently confined to short timespans of not more than several tens of years. Source area of the turbidites is the northwest African continental margin north of 20° N, and the slopes of the Madeira and Canary Islands. It is concluded that instable slope conditions in the source area resulted in downslope sediment movement of only the surficial sediment layers. An extremely vigorous mass flow event occurred near the end of the last Glacial, when debris flow processes extended as far as onto the lower rise — abyssal plain boundary at about 24° W. A source area south of 20° N, which is more than 1400 km to the south, has to be considered for a small turbidite deposited at the beginning of the Holocene. Sediment transport over such a distance in a mainly slope-parrallel direction is thought to be most likely attributable to temporarily increased contour current activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2021-08-02
    Description: High Arctic ecosystems and Indigenous livelihoods are tightly linked and exposed to climate change, yet assessing their sensitivity requires a long-term perspective. Here, we assess the vulnerability of the North Water polynya, a unique seaice ecosystem that sustains the world’s northernmost Inuit communities and several keystone Arctic species. We reconstruct mid-tolate Holocene changes in sea ice, marine primary production, and little auk colony dynamics through multi-proxy analysis of marine and lake sediment cores. Our results suggest a productive ecosystem by 4400–4200 cal yrs b2k coincident with the arrival of the first humans in Greenland. Climate forcing during the late Holocene, leading to periods of polynya instability and marine productivity decline, is strikingly coeval with the human abandonment of Greenland from c. 2200–1200 cal yrs b2k. Our long-term perspective highlights the future decline of the North Water ecosystem, due to climate warming and changing sea-ice conditions, as an important climate change risk.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 6
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    Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research & German Society of Polar Research
    In:  EPIC3Polarforschung, Bremerhaven, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research & German Society of Polar Research, 80(3), pp. 141-159, ISSN: 0032-2490
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: Geological records from Tertiary and Quaternary terrestrial and oceanic sections have documented the presence of ice caps and sea ice covers both in the Southern and the Northern hemispheres since Eocene times, approximately since 45 Ma. In this paper focussing on Greenland we mainly use the occurrences of coarse ice-rafted debris (IRD) in Quaternary and Tertiary ocean sediment cores to conclude on age and origin of the glaciers/ice sheets, which once produced the icebergs transporting this material into the adjacent ocean. Deep-sea sediment cores with their records of ice-rafting from off NE Greenland, Fram Strait and to the south of Greenland suggest the more or less continuous existence of the Greenland ice sheet since 18 Ma, maybe much longer, and hence far beyond the stratigraphic extent of the Greenland ice cores. The timing of onset of glaciation on Greenland and whether it has been glaciated continuously since, are wide open questions of its long-term history. We also urgently need new scientific drilling programs in the waters around Greenland, in particular in the segment of the Arctic Ocean to the north of Greenland.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: "Polarforschung" , peerRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2011. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Nature Publishing Group for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Nature Geoscience 5 (2012): 37-41, doi:10.1038/ngeo1349.
    Description: During the early 2000s the Greenland Ice Sheet experienced the largest ice mass loss observed on the instrumental record1, largely as a result of the acceleration, thinning and retreat of major outlet glaciers in West and Southeast Greenland2-5. The quasi-simultaneous change in the glaciers suggests a common climate forcing and increasing air6 and ocean7-8 temperatures have been indicated as potential triggers. Here, we present a new record of calving activity of Helheim Glacier, East Greenland, extending back to c. 1890 AD. This record was obtained by analysing sedimentary deposits from Sermilik Fjord, where Helheim Glacier terminates, and uses the annual deposition of sand grains as a proxy for iceberg discharge. The 120 year long record reveals large fluctuations in calving rates, but that the present high rate was reproduced only in the 1930s. A comparison with climate indices indicates that high calving activity coincides with increased Atlantic Water and decreased Polar Water influence on the shelf, warm summers and a negative phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation. Our analysis provides evidence that Helheim Glacier responds to short-term (3-10 years) large-scale oceanic and atmospheric fluctuations.
    Description: This study has been supported by Geocenter Denmark in financial support to the SEDIMICE project. CSA was supported by the Danish Council for Independent Research│Nature and Universe (Grant no. 09-064954/FNU). FSt was supported by NSF ARC 0909373 and by WHOI’s Ocean and Climate Change Institute and MHRI was supported by the Danish Agency for Science, Technology and Innovation.
    Description: 2012-06-11
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Preprint
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2020-02-06
    Description: Highlights • Glacial sediment-landform assemblages are documented from Disko Bay, West Greenland. • Jakobshavn Isbræ extended through the bay onto the continental shelf during the LGM. • Retreat was topographically controlled and changed from rapid to slow. • The depositional sedimentary environment was similar to East Greenland. • Glacimarine sedimentary processes depend on local controls rather than climate. Fast-flowing outlet glaciers currently drain the Greenland Ice Sheet (GIS), delivering ice, meltwater and debris to the fjords around Greenland. Although such glaciers strongly affect the ice sheet's mass balance, their glacimarine processes and associated products are still poorly understood. This study provides a detailed analysis of lithological and geophysical data from Disko Bay and the Vaigat Strait in central West Greenland. Disko Bay is strongly influenced by Jakobshavn Isbræ, Greenland's fastest-flowing glacier, which currently drains ∼7% of the ice sheet. Streamlined glacial landforms record the former flow of an expanded Jakobshavn Isbræ and adjacent GIS outlets through Disko Bay and the Vaigat Strait towards the continental shelf. Thirteen vibrocores contain a complex set of lithofacies including diamict, stratified mud, interbedded mud and sand, and bioturbated mud deposited by (1) suspension settling from meltwater plumes and the water column, (2) sediment gravity flows, and (3) iceberg rafting and ploughing. The importance of meltwater-related processes to glacimarine sedimentation in West Greenland fjords and bays is emphasised by the abundance of mud preserved in the cores. Radiocarbon dates constrain the position of the ice margin during deglaciation, and suggest that Jakobshavn Isbræ had retreated into central Disko Bay before 10.6 cal ka BP and to beyond Isfjeldsbanken by 7.6–7.1 cal ka BP. Sediment accumulation rates were up to 1.7 cm a−1 for ice-proximal glacimarine mud, and ∼0.007–0.05 cm a−1 for overlying distal sediments. In addition to elucidating the deglacial retreat history of Jakobshavn Isbræ, our findings show that the glacimarine sedimentary processes in West Greenland are similar to those in East Greenland, and that variability in such processes is more a function of time and glacier proximity than of geographic location and associated climatic regime.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2016-05-25
    Description: A high-resolution record of late-Holocene subsurface water-mass characteristics in outer Igaliku Fjord, South Greenland, is presented based on benthic foraminifera faunas from core PO 243–451 collected from a water depth of 304 m. Strati” cation with Atlantic water masses present in the lower part of the water-column is suggested to have prevailed during the last 3200 cal. years, except for a period referred to as the‘Mediaeval Warm Period’ (MWP). During the MWP (c. ad 885–1235) the outer part of Igaliku Fjord experienced enhanced vertical mixing and a high hydrodynamic energy level which we ascribe to increasing wind stress through this period, corresponding to the period of the Norse settlement. The transition from the MWP to the‘Little Ice Age’ (LIA) shows a two-step pattern with a short climatic amelioration around AD 1520 before maximum cooling occurred. The intensified wind stress and the overall environmental change are suggested to have contributed to the loss of the Norse settlement in Greenland. Periods with strong stratification and marked in uence of Atlantic subsurface water masses around 2.6, 1.3 ka BP and during the LIA are correlated to North Atlantic Holocene ice-rafting events reported by Bond et al. (1997).
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2014-05-27
    Type: Conference or Workshop Item , NonPeerReviewed
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