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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oceanography Plankton in a warmer world (2006)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 444 (2006), S. 695-696 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Oranges in Florida, wildfires in Indonesia, plankton in the North Pacific — what links these seemingly disparate items is that they are all affected by year-to-year fluctuations in global-scale climate. On page 752 of this issue, Behrenfeld et al. describe how such fluctuations, ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/444695a
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anthropogenic ocean acidification over the twenty-first century and its impact on calcifying organisms (2005)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 437 (2005), S. 681-686 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Today's surface ocean is saturated with respect to calcium carbonate, but increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations are reducing ocean pH and carbonate ion concentrations, and thus the level of calcium carbonate saturation. Experimental evidence suggests that if these trends ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature04095
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
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    Rapid decline of the CO2buffering capacity in the North Sea and implications for the North Atlantic Ocean (2007)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union)
    In:  Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 21 (4). GB4001.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-12-14
    Description: New observations from the North Sea, a NW European shelf sea, show that between 2001 and 2005 the CO2 partial pressure (pCO2) in surface waters rose by 22 μatm, thus faster than atmospheric pCO2, which in the same period rose approximately 11 μatm. The surprisingly rapid decline in air‐sea partial pressure difference (ΔpCO2) is primarily a response to an elevated water column inventory of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), which, in turn, reflects mostly anthropogenic CO2 input rather than natural interannual variability. The resulting decline in the buffering capacity of the inorganic carbonate system (increasing Revelle factor) sets up a theoretically predicted feedback loop whereby the invasion of anthropogenic CO2 reduces the ocean's ability to uptake additional CO2. Model simulations for the North Atlantic Ocean and thermodynamic principles reveal that this feedback should be stronger, at present, in colder midlatitude and subpolar waters because of the lower present‐day buffer capacity and elevated DIC levels driven either by northward advected surface water and/or excess local air‐sea CO2 uptake. This buffer capacity feedback mechanism helps to explain at least part of the observed trend of decreasing air‐sea ΔpCO2 over time as reported in several other recent North Atlantic studies.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1029/2006GB002825
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 4
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    Biological ramifications of climate-change-mediated oceanic multi-stressors (2015)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Climate Change, 5 (1). pp. 71-79.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-02-24
    Description: Climate change is altering oceanic conditions in a complex manner, and the concurrent amendment of multiple properties will modify environmental stress for primary producers. So far, global modelling studies have focused largely on how alteration of individual properties will affect marine life. Here, we use global modelling simulations in conjunction with rotated factor analysis to express model projections in terms of regional trends in concomitant changes to biologically influential multi-stressors. Factor analysis demonstrates that regionally distinct patterns of complex oceanic change are evident globally. Preliminary regional assessments using published evidence of phytoplankton responses to complex change reveal a wide range of future responses to interactive multi-stressors with 〈20–300% shifts in phytoplankton physiological rates, and many unexplored potential interactions. In a future ocean, provinces will encounter different permutations of change that will probably alter the dominance of key phytoplankton groups and modify regional productivity, ecosystem structure and biogeochemistry. Consideration of regionally distinct multi-stressor patterns can help guide laboratory and field studies as well as the interpretation of interactive multi-stressors in global models.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1038/NCLIMATE2441
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 5
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    The Southern Ocean Carbon Cycle 1985–2018: Mean, Seasonal Cycle, Trends, and Storage (2023)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: We assess the Southern Ocean CO2 uptake (1985–2018) using data sets gathered in the REgional Carbon Cycle Assessment and Processes Project Phase 2. The Southern Ocean acted as a sink for CO2 with close agreement between simulation results from global ocean biogeochemistry models (GOBMs, 0.75 ± 0.28 PgC yr−1) and pCO2-observation-based products (0.73 ± 0.07 PgC yr−1). This sink is only half that reported by RECCAP1 for the same region and timeframe. The present-day net uptake is to first order a response to rising atmospheric CO2, driving large amounts of anthropogenic CO2 (Cant) into the ocean, thereby overcompensating the loss of natural CO2 to the atmosphere. An apparent knowledge gap is the increase of the sink since 2000, with pCO2-products suggesting a growth that is more than twice as strong and uncertain as that of GOBMs (0.26 ± 0.06 and 0.11 ± 0.03 Pg C yr−1 decade−1, respectively). This is despite nearly identical pCO2 trends in GOBMs and pCO2-products when both products are compared only at the locations where pCO2 was measured. Seasonal analyses revealed agreement in driving processes in winter with uncertainty in the magnitude of outgassing, whereas discrepancies are more fundamental in summer, when GOBMs exhibit difficulties in simulating the effects of the non-thermal processes of biology and mixing/circulation. Ocean interior accumulation of Cant points to an underestimate of Cant uptake and storage in GOBMs. Future work needs to link surface fluxes and interior ocean transport, build long overdue systematic observation networks and push toward better process understanding of drivers of the carbon cycle. Key Points: - Ocean models and machine learning estimates agree on the mean Southern Ocean CO2 sink, but the trend since 2000 differs by a factor of two - REgional Carbon Cycle Assessment and Processes Project Phase 2 estimates a 50% smaller Southern Ocean CO2 sink for the same region and timeframe as RECCAP1 - Large model spread in summer and winter indicates that sustained efforts are required to understand driving processes in all seasons
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 6
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    Magnitude, Trends, and Variability of the Global Ocean Carbon Sink From 1985 to 2018 (2023)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: This contribution to the RECCAP2 (REgional Carbon Cycle Assessment and Processes) assessment analyzes the processes that determine the global ocean carbon sink, and its trends and variability over the period 1985-2018, using a combination of models and observation-based products. The mean sea-air CO2 flux from 1985 to 2018 is -1.6 +/- 0.2 PgC yr(-1) based on an ensemble of reconstructions of the history of sea surface pCO(2) (pCO(2) products). Models indicate that the dominant component of this flux is the net oceanic uptake of anthropogenic CO2, which is estimated at -2.1 +/- 0.3 PgC yr(-1) by an ensemble of ocean biogeochemical models, and -2.4 +/- 0.1 PgC yr(-1) by two ocean circulation inverse models. The ocean also degasses about 0.65 +/- 0.3 PgC yr(-1) of terrestrially derived CO2, but this process is not fully resolved by any of the models used here. From 2001 to 2018, the pCO2 products reconstruct a trend in the ocean carbon sink of -0.61 +/- 0.12 PgC yr(-1) decade(-1), while biogeochemical models and inverse models diagnose an anthropogenic CO2-driven trend of -0.34 +/- 0.06 and -0.41 +/- 0.03 PgC yr(-1) decade(-1), respectively. This implies a climate-forced acceleration of the ocean carbon sink in recent decades, but there are still large uncertainties on the magnitude and cause of this trend. The interannual to decadal variability of the global carbon sink is mainly driven by climate variability, with the climate-driven variability exceeding the CO2-forced variability by 2-3 times. These results suggest that anthropogenic CO2 dominates the ocean CO2 sink, while climate-driven variability is potentially large but highly uncertain and not consistently captured across different methods.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 7
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    Two centuries of limited variability in subtropical North Atlantic thermocline ventilation (2012)
    Nature Publishing Group
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: © The Author(s), 2012. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Nature Communications 3 (2012): 803, doi:10.1038/ncomms1811.
    Description: Ventilation and mixing of oceanic gyres is important to ocean-atmosphere heat and gas transfer, and to mid-latitude nutrient supply. The rates of mode water formation are believed to impact climate and carbon exchange between the surface and mid-depth water over decadal periods. Here, a record of 14C/12C (1780–1940), which is a proxy for vertical ocean mixing, from an annually banded coral from Bermuda, shows limited inter-annual variability and a substantial Suess Effect (the decrease in 14C/12C since 1900). The Sargasso Sea mixing rates between the surface and thermocline varied minimally over the past two centuries, despite changes to mean-hemispheric climate, including the Little Ice Age and variability in the North Atlantic Oscillation. This result indicates that regional formation rates of sub-tropical mode water are stable over decades, and that anthropogenic carbon absorbed by the ocean does not return to the surface at a variable rate.
    Description: Funding provided by NSF’s Chemical Oceanography Program OCE - 0526463 and 0961980 and the Stephen Hui Trust Fund.
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 8
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    Life-cycle modification in open oceans accounts for genome variability in a cosmopolitan phytoplankton (2015)
    Nature Publishing Group
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © International Society for Microbial Ecology, 2014. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in ISME Journal 9 (2015): 1365–1377, doi:10.1038/ismej.2014.221.
    Description: Emiliania huxleyi is the most abundant calcifying plankton in modern oceans with substantial intraspecific genome variability and a biphasic life cycle involving sexual alternation between calcified 2N and flagellated 1N cells. We show that high genome content variability in Emiliania relates to erosion of 1N-specific genes and loss of the ability to form flagellated cells. Analysis of 185 E. huxleyi strains isolated from world oceans suggests that loss of flagella occurred independently in lineages inhabiting oligotrophic open oceans over short evolutionary timescales. This environmentally linked physiogenomic change suggests life cycling is not advantageous in very large/diluted populations experiencing low biotic pressure and low ecological variability. Gene loss did not appear to reflect pressure for genome streamlining in oligotrophic oceans as previously observed in picoplankton. Life-cycle modifications might be common in plankton and cause major functional variability to be hidden from traditional taxonomic or molecular markers.
    Description: This research was supported by a Marie Curie International Incoming Fellowship FUNSEXDEPHYND to PvD within the 7th European Community Framework Programme, FONDECYT Projects 1110575 (to PvD) and 312004 (to DM-F), the French Agence Nationale de la Recherche/Investissements d’Avenir Grants POSEIDON and OCEANOMICS (Grant No. ANR-11-BTBR-0008 to CdV and IP), the European ERA-net program BiodivERsA under the BioMarks project (to EMB), funding from NASA and NSF (Grants NNX11AF55G and EF-0424599 to DMG and SD), the Genoscope 2007-2008 sequencing initiative and the PACES research program of the Alfred Wegener Helmholtz Institute Helmhotz Centre for Polar and Marine Research.
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/vnd.ms-excel
    Format: application/msword
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  • 9
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    Oceanography : oxygen and climate dynamics (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2014. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Nature Publishing Group for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Nature Climate Change 4 (2014): 862-863, doi:10.1038/nclimate2386.
    Description: Low oxygen levels in tropical oceans shape marine ecosystems and biogeochemistry with climate change expected to expand these regions. Now, a study indicates that regional dynamics control tropical oxygen trends, bucking projected global reductions in ocean oxygen.
    Description: 2015-03-25
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Preprint
    Format: application/pdf
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