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  • 2010-2014  (11)
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  • 1
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    Unknown
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 118 (4). pp. 1584-1592.
    Publication Date: 2018-02-06
    Description: High biological activity causes a distinct seasonality of surface water pH in the North Sea, which is a strong sink for atmospheric CO2 via an effective shelf pump. The intimate connection between the North Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean suggests that the variability of the CO2 system of the North Atlantic Ocean may, in part, be responsible for the observed variability of pH and CO2 in the North Sea. In this work, we demonstrate the role of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), the dominant climate mode for the North Atlantic, in governing this variability. Based on three extensive observational records covering the relevant levels of the NAO index, we provide evidence that the North Sea pH and CO2 system strongly responds to external and internal expressions of the NAO. Under positive NAO, the higher rates of inflow of water from the North Atlantic Ocean and the Baltic outflow lead to a strengthened north-south biogeochemical divide. The limited mixing between the north and south leads to a steeper gradient in pH and partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) between the two regions in the productive period. This is exacerbated further when coinciding with higher sea surface temperature, which concentrates the net community production in the north through shallower stratification. These effects can be obscured by changing properties of the constituent North Sea water masses, which are also influenced by NAO. Our results highlight the importance of examining interannual trends in the North Sea CO2 system with consideration of the NAO state.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2018-01-19
    Description: Seasonal and spatial variability of dissolved Barium (Ba) in Amundsen Gulf, southeastern Beaufort Sea, was monitored over a full year from September 2007 to September 2008. Dissolved Ba displays a nutrient-type behavior: the maximum water column concentration is located below the surface layer. Highest Ba concentrations are typically observed at river mouths, the lowest concentrations are found in water masses of Atlantic origin. Barium concentrations decrease eastward through the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Barite (BaSO4) saturation is reached at the maximum concentrations of dissolved Ba in the subsurface layer, whereas the remaining water column is undersaturated. A three end-member mixing model comprising freshwater from sea-ice melt and rivers, as well as upper halocline water, was used to establish their relative contributions to the Ba concentrations in the upper water column of the Amundsen Gulf. Based on water column and riverine Ba contributions, we assess the depletion of dissolved Ba by formation and concomitant sinking of biologically bound Ba (bio-Ba), from which we derive an estimate of the carbon export production. In the upper 50 m of the water column of Amundsen Gulf, riverine Ba accounts for up to 15% of the available dissolved Ba inventory, of which up to 20% is depleted by bio-Ba formation and export. Since riverine inputs and Ba export occur concurrently, the seasonal variability of dissolved Ba in the upper water column is moderate. Assuming a fixed organic carbon to bio-Ba flux ratio, carbon export out of the surface layer is estimated at 1.8{plus minus}0.45 mol C m‑2 yr‑1. We propose a climatological carbon budget for the Amundsen Gulf.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: The 3-d coupled physical–biogeochemical model ECOHAM (version 3) was applied to the Northwest-European Shelf (47°41′–63°53′N, 15°5′W–13°55′E) for the years 1993–1996. Carbon fluxes were calculated for the years 1995 and 1996 for the inner shelf region, the North Sea (511,725 km2). This period was chosen because it corresponds to a shift from a very high winter-time North Atlantic Oscillation Index (NAOI) in 1994/1995, to an extremely low one in 1995/1996, with consequences for the North Sea physics and biogeochemistry. During the first half of 1996, the observed mean SST was about 1 °C lower than in 1995; in the southern part of the North Sea the difference was even larger (up to 3 °C). Due to a different wind regime, the normally prevailing anti-clockwise circulation, as found in winter 1995, was replaced by more complicated circulation patterns in winter 1996. Decreased precipitation over the drainage area of the continental rivers led to a reduction in the total (inorganic and organic) riverine carbon load to the North Sea from 476 Gmol C yr−1 in 1995 to 340 Gmol C yr−1 in 1996. In addition, the North Sea took up 503 Gmol C yr−1 of CO2 from the atmosphere. According to our calculations, the North Sea was a sink for atmospheric CO2, at a rate of 0.98 mol C m−2 yr−1, for both years. The North Sea is divided into two sub-systems: the shallow southern North Sea (SNS; 190,765 km2) and the deeper northern North Sea (NNS; 320,960 km2). According to our findings the SNS is a net-autotrophic system (net ecosystem production NEP〉0) but released CO2 to the atmosphere: 159 Gmol C yr−1 in 1995 and 59 Gmol C yr−1 in 1996. There, the temperature-driven release of CO2 outcompetes the biological CO2 drawdown. In the NNS, where respiratory processes prevail (NEP〈0), 662 and 562 Gmol C yr−1 were taken up from the atmosphere in 1995 and 1996, respectively. Stratification separates the productive, upper layer from the deeper layers of the water column where respiration/remineralization takes place. Duration and stability of the stratification are determined by the meteorological conditions, in relation to the NAO. Our results suggest that this mechanism controlling the nutrient supply to the upper layer in the northern and central North Sea has a larger impact on the carbon fluxes than changes in lateral transport due to NAOI variations. The North Sea as a whole imports organic carbon and exports inorganic carbon across the outer boundaries, and was found to be net-heterotrophic, more markedly in 1996 than in 1995.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 4
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    PANGAEA
    In:  Department of Oceanography, Dalhousie University, Halifax
    Publication Date: 2024-02-17
    Keywords: 64PE20010818; 64PE20010818-track; Algorithm; CT; DATE/TIME; Depth, bathymetric, interpolated/gridded; DEPTH, water; Distance; extracted from GLOBALVIEW-CO2; extracted from the 2-Minute Gridded Global Relief Data (ETOPO2); extracted from the NCEP/NCAR 40-Year Reanalysis Project; extracted from the World Ocean Atlas 2005; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Pelagia; Pressure, atmospheric; Pressure, atmospheric, interpolated; Quality flag; Recomputed after SOCAT (Pfeil et al., 2013); Salinity; Salinity, interpolated; SOCAT; Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas Project; Temperature, water; Temperature at equilibration; Underway cruise track measurements; xCO2 (air), interpolated
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 279447 data points
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  • 5
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    Unknown
    PANGAEA
    In:  Department of Oceanography, Dalhousie University, Halifax
    Publication Date: 2024-02-17
    Keywords: 64PE20020211; 64PE20020211-track; Algorithm; CT; DATE/TIME; Depth, bathymetric, interpolated/gridded; DEPTH, water; Distance; extracted from GLOBALVIEW-CO2; extracted from the 2-Minute Gridded Global Relief Data (ETOPO2); extracted from the NCEP/NCAR 40-Year Reanalysis Project; extracted from the World Ocean Atlas 2005; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Pelagia; Pressure, atmospheric; Pressure, atmospheric, interpolated; Quality flag; Recomputed after SOCAT (Pfeil et al., 2013); Salinity; Salinity, interpolated; SOCAT; Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas Project; Temperature, water; Temperature at equilibration; Underway cruise track measurements; xCO2 (air), interpolated
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 323229 data points
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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  • 6
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    PANGAEA
    In:  Department of Oceanography, Dalhousie University, Halifax
    Publication Date: 2024-02-17
    Keywords: 64PE20020506; 64PE20020506-track; Algorithm; CT; DATE/TIME; Depth, bathymetric, interpolated/gridded; DEPTH, water; Distance; extracted from GLOBALVIEW-CO2; extracted from the 2-Minute Gridded Global Relief Data (ETOPO2); extracted from the NCEP/NCAR 40-Year Reanalysis Project; extracted from the World Ocean Atlas 2005; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Pelagia; Pressure, atmospheric; Pressure, atmospheric, interpolated; Quality flag; Recomputed after SOCAT (Pfeil et al., 2013); Salinity; Salinity, interpolated; SOCAT; Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas Project; Temperature, water; Temperature at equilibration; Underway cruise track measurements; xCO2 (air), interpolated
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 317101 data points
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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  • 7
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    Unknown
    PANGAEA
    In:  Department of Oceanography, Dalhousie University, Halifax
    Publication Date: 2024-02-17
    Keywords: 64PE20011106; 64PE20011106-track; Algorithm; CT; DATE/TIME; Depth, bathymetric, interpolated/gridded; DEPTH, water; Distance; extracted from GLOBALVIEW-CO2; extracted from the 2-Minute Gridded Global Relief Data (ETOPO2); extracted from the NCEP/NCAR 40-Year Reanalysis Project; extracted from the World Ocean Atlas 2005; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Pelagia; Pressure, atmospheric; Pressure, atmospheric, interpolated; Quality flag; Recomputed after SOCAT (Pfeil et al., 2013); Salinity; Salinity, interpolated; SOCAT; Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas Project; Temperature, water; Temperature at equilibration; Underway cruise track measurements; xCO2 (air), interpolated
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 320362 data points
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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  • 8
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    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Pfeil, Benjamin; Olsen, Are; Bakker, Dorothee C E; Hankin, Steven; Koyuk, Heather; Kozyr, Alexander; Malczyk, Jeremy; Manke, Ansley; Metzl, Nicolas; Sabine, Christopher L; Akl, John; Alin, Simone R; Bellerby, Richard G J; Borges, Alberto Vieira; Boutin, Jacqueline; Brown, Peter J; Cai, Wei-Jun; Chavez, Francisco P; Chen, Arthur; Cosca, Catherine E; Fassbender, Andrea J; Feely, Richard A; González-Dávila, Melchor; Goyet, Catherine; Hardman-Mountford, Nicolas J; Heinze, Christoph; Hood, E Maria; Hoppema, Mario; Hunt, Christopher W; Hydes, David; Ishii, Masao; Johannessen, Truls; Jones, Steve D; Key, Robert M; Körtzinger, Arne; Landschützer, Peter; Lauvset, Siv K; Lefèvre, Nathalie; Lenton, Andrew; Lourantou, Anna; Merlivat, Liliane; Midorikawa, Takashi; Mintrop, Ludger J; Miyazaki, Chihiro; Murata, Akihiko; Nakadate, Akira; Nakano, Yoshiyuki; Nakaoka, Shin-Ichiro; Nojiri, Yukihiro; Omar, Abdirahman M; Padín, Xose Antonio; Park, Geun-Ha; Paterson, Kristina; Pérez, Fiz F; Pierrot, Denis; Poisson, Alain; Ríos, Aida F; Santana-Casiano, Juana Magdalena; Salisbury, Joe; Sarma, Vedula V S S; Schlitzer, Reiner; Schneider, Bernd; Schuster, Ute; Sieger, Rainer; Skjelvan, Ingunn; Steinhoff, Tobias; Suzuki, Toru; Takahashi, Taro; Tedesco, Kathy; Telszewski, Maciej; Thomas, Helmuth; Tilbrook, Bronte; Tjiputra, Jerry; Vandemark, Doug; Veness, Tony; Wanninkhof, Rik; Watson, Andrew J; Weiss, Ray F; Wong, Chi Shing; Yoshikawa-Inoue, Hisayuki (2013): A uniform, quality controlled Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT). Earth System Science Data, 5(1), 125-143, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-5-125-2013
    Publication Date: 2024-05-02
    Description: A well-documented, publicly available, global data set of surface ocean carbon dioxide (CO2) parameters has been called for by international groups for nearly two decades. The Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) project was initiated by the international marine carbon science community in 2007 with the aim of providing a comprehensive, publicly available, regularly updated, global data set of marine surface CO2, which had been subject to quality control (QC). Many additional CO2 data, not yet made public via the Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC), were retrieved from data originators, public websites and other data centres. All data were put in a uniform format following a strict protocol. Quality control was carried out according to clearly defined criteria. Regional specialists performed the quality control, using state-of-the-art web-based tools, specially developed for accomplishing this global team effort. SOCAT version 1.5 was made public in September 2011 and holds 6.3 million quality controlled surface CO2 data points from the global oceans and coastal seas, spanning four decades (1968-2007). Three types of data products are available: individual cruise files, a merged complete data set and gridded products. With the rapid expansion of marine CO2 data collection and the importance of quantifying net global oceanic CO2 uptake and its changes, sustained data synthesis and data access are priorities.
    Keywords: 0306SFC_PRT; 061ASFC_PRT; 06AQ19860627-track; 06AQ19860928-track; 06AQ19911114-track; 06AQ19911210-track; 06AQ19921005-track; 06AQ19930128-track; 06AQ19930228-track; 06AQ19931019-track; 06AQ19940524-track; 06AQ19951206-track; 06AQ19960320-track; 06AQ19980411-track; 06AQ19990327-track; 06AQ20001004-track; 06AQ20001026-track; 06BE19961010-track; 06CK20060523-track; 06CK20060715-track; 06CK20060821-track; 06GA19960613-track; 06GA276_3; 06LB19831130-track; 06LB19840107-track; 06LB19840629-track; 06LB19850110-track; 06LB19850313-track; 06LB19850812-track; 06LB19860116-track; 06LB19860323-track; 06LB19860801-track; 06LB19861011-track; 06LB19861214-track; 06LB19870221-track; 06LB19870501-track; 06LB19870721-track; 06LB19870920-track; 06LB19871126-track; 06LB19871231-track; 06LB19880204-track; 06MT18_1; 06MT19910903-track; 06MT19920510-track; 06MT19921229-track; 06MT19941012-track; 06MT19941119-track; 06MT19950714-track; 06MT19960607-track; 06MT19960622-track; 06MT19970106-track; 06MT19970516-track; 06MT19970707-track; 06MT19970814-track; 06MT19981228-track; 06MT20021015-track; 06MT20060714; 06MT20060714-track; 06MT22_5; 06MT30_2; 06MT30_3; 06MT37_2; 06MT39_4; 06MT39_5; 06P119910616-track; 06P119950901-track; 06PO20050321; 06PO20050322-track; 07AL19951011-track; 07AL19960218-track; 07AL19970503-track; 07AL19990718-track; 07AL19991101-track; 07AL19991129-track; 07AL20000113-track; 07AL20000210-track; 07AL20000305-track; 07AL20010513-track; 07AL20010607-track; 07AL20010709-track; 07AL20010802-track; 09AR0103; 09AR19910926-track; 09AR19921019-track; 09AR19930105-track; 09AR19930311-track; 09AR19930807-track; 09AR19931119-track; 09AR19940101-track; 09AR19940831-track; 09AR19941213-track; 09AR19950717-track; 09AR19950916-track; 09AR19960119-track; 09AR19960822-track; 09AR19970910-track; 09AR19971114-track; 09AR19980228-track; 09AR19980404-track; 09AR19980715-track; 09AR19990716-track; 09AR20011031-track; 09AR9401; 09AR9404; 09AR9407; 09AR9501; 09AR9502; 09AR9601; 09AR9604; 09AR9701; 09AR9703; 09AR9707; 09AR9801; 09AR9806; 09AR9901; 09FA20000927-track; 09SS19951116-track; 09SS19990205-track; 11BE19940413-track; 11BE19950303-track; 11BE19950912-track; 11BE19970513-track; 11BE19970527-track; 11BE19970609-track; 11BE19970618-track; 11BE19970621; 11BE19970621-track; 11BE19970702-track; 11BE19980107-track; 11BE19980614-track; 11BE19980625-track; 11BE19980710-track; 11BE19990830-track; 11BE19990904-track; 11BE19990914-track; 11BE19990918-track; 11BE20010502-track; 11BE20010514-track; 11BE20010522-track; 11BE20020422-track; 11BE20020511-track; 11BE20020528-track; 11BE20021104-track; 11BE20030331-track; 11BE20030901; 11BE20030901-track; 11BE20031027; 11BE20031027-track; 11BE20031208; 11BE20031208-track; 11BE20040223; 11BE20040223-track; 11BE20040329; 11BE20040329-track; 11BE20040524; 11BE20040524-track; 11BE20040601-track; 11BE20041004; 11BE20041004-track; 11BE20060425; 11BE20060425-track; 11BE20060529-track; 11BE20070507-track; 18QA19730812-track; 18QA19731028-track; 18QA19760111-track; 18QA19760619-track; 18QA19760911-track; 18QA19761204-track; 18VC19740105-track; 18VC19740216-track; 18VC19741113-track; 18VC19750622-track; 18VC19750913-track; 1995-10-BS; 1996-02-BS; 1997-05-BS; 1999-07-BS; 1999-11-BS; 1999-12-BS; 2000-01-BS; 2000-02-BS; 2000-03-BS; 2001-05-BS; 2001-06-BS; 2001-07-BS; 2001-08-BS; 2003-06-BS; 2003-07-BS; 2003-08-BS; 2003-09-BS; 2003-10-BS; 2004-02-BS; 2004-03-BS; 2004-04-BS; 2004-05-BS; 2004-06-BS; 2004-07-BS; 2004-08-BS; 2004-09-BS; 2004-10-BS; 2005-01-BS; 2005-02-BS; 2005-03-BS; 2005-04-BS; 2005-05-BS; 2005-06-BS; 2005-07-BS; 2005-08-BS; 2005-09-BS; 2005-10-BS; 2005-11-BS; 2005-12-BS; 2006-03-BS; 2006-04-BS; 2006-05-BS; 2006-06-BS; 2006-07-BS; 2006-08-BS; 2006-09-BS; 20070110_TC2; 20070117_TC2; 20070123_TC2; 20070130_TC2; 20070207_TC2; 20070219_TC2; 20070227_TC2; 20070305_TC2; 20070320_TC2; 20070327_TC2; 20070402_TC2; 20070409_TC2; 20070416_TC2; 20070423_TC2; 20070430_TC2; 20070508_TC2; 20070515_TC2; 20070521_TC2; 20070529_TC2; 20070604_TC2; 20070613_TC2; 20070620_TC2; 20070627_TC2; 20070703_TC2; 20070709_TC2; 20070716_TC2; 20070723_TC2; 20070730_TC2; 2007-07-BS; 20070806_TC2; 20070815_TC2; 20070820_TC2; 20070827_TC2; 2007-08-BS; 20070903_TC2; 20070910_TC2; 20070917_TC2; 20071001_TC2; 20071008_TC2; 20071010_TC2; 20071015_TC2; 20071023_TC2; 20071105_TC2; 20071115_TC2; 20071120_TC2; 20071128_TC2; 20071204_TC2; 20071211_TC2; 20071218_TC2; 20071225_TC2; 24N98L1; 24N98L2; 26GC20010421-track; 26GC20010831-track; 26NA20050107; 26NA20050107-track; 26NA20050115; 26NA20050115-track; 26NA20050130; 26NA20050130-track; 26NA20050207; 26NA20050207-track; 26NA20050317; 26NA20050317-track; 26NA20050321; 26NA20050321-track; 26NA20050402; 26NA20050402-track; 26NA20050420; 26NA20050420-track; 26NA20050502; 26NA20050502-track; 26NA20050511; 26NA20050511-track; 26NA20050523; 26NA20050523-track; 26NA20050531; 26NA20050531-track; 26NA20050614; 26NA20050614-track; 26NA20050624; 26NA20050624-track; 26NA20050714; 26NA20050714-track; 26NA20050720; 26NA20050720-track; 26NA20050730; 26NA20050730-track; 26NA20050805; 26NA20050805-track; 26NA20050815; 26NA20050815-track; 26NA20050824; 26NA20050824-track; 26NA20050914; 26NA20050914-track; 26NA20050927; 26NA20050927-track; 26NA20051005; 26NA20051005-track; 26NA20051018; 26NA20051018-track; 26NA20051026; 26NA20051026-track; 26NA20051110; 26NA20051110-track; 26NA20051117; 26NA20051117-track; 26NA20051130; 26NA20051130-track; 26NA20060518; 26NA20060518-track; 26NA20060527; 26NA20060527-track; 26NA20060607; 26NA20060607-track; 26NA20060617; 26NA20060617-track; 26NA20060628; 26NA20060628-track; 26NA20060708; 26NA20060708-track; 26NA20060719; 26NA20060719-track; 26NA20060728; 26NA20060728-track; 26NA20060809; 26NA20060809-track; 26NA20060818; 26NA20060818-track; 26NA20060830; 26NA20060830-track; 26NA20060908; 26NA20060908-track; 26NA20060920; 26NA20060920-track; 26NA20061011; 26NA20061011-track; 26NA20061021; 26NA20061021-track; 26NA20061128; 26NA20061128-track; 26NA20061202; 26NA20061202-track; 26NA20061214; 26NA20061214-track; 26NA20061225; 26NA20061225-track; 26NA20070103; 26NA20070103-track; 26NA20070112; 26NA20070112-track; 26NA20070125; 26NA20070125-track; 26NA20070205; 26NA20070205-track; 26NA20070216; 26NA20070216-track; 26NA20070323; 26NA20070323-track; 26NA20070329; 26NA20070329-track; 26NA20070410; 26NA20070410-track; 26NA20070418; 26NA20070418-track; 26NA20070427; 26NA20070427-track; 26NA20070509; 26NA20070509-track; 26NA20070518; 26NA20070518-track; 26NA20070530; 26NA20070530-track; 26NA20070610; 26NA20070610-track; 26NA20070622; 26NA20070622-track; 26NA20070701; 26NA20070701-track; 26NA20070712; 26NA20070712-track; 26NA20070721; 26NA20070721-track; 26NA20070802; 26NA20070802-track; 26NA20070811; 26NA20070811-track; 26NA20070901; 26NA20070901-track; 26NA20070912; 26NA20070912-track; 26NA20070923; 26NA20070923-track; 26NA20071003; 26NA20071003-track; 26NA20071014; 26NA20071014-track; 26NA20071024; 26NA20071024-track; 26NA20071103; 26NA20071103-track; 26NA20071114; 26NA20071114-track; 26NA20071124; 26NA20071124-track; 29HE050; 29HE19980729-track; 29HE20001028; 29HE20001028-track; 29HE20010306; 29HE20010306-track; 29HE20011027; 29HE20011027-track; 29HE20020305; 29HE20020305-track; 29HE20021028; 29HE20021028-track; 29HE20030409; 29HE20030409-track; 29HE20041021; 29HE20041021-track; 316N0154; 316N19810401-track; 316N19810416-track; 316N19810516-track; 316N19810619-track; 316N19810721-track; 316N19810821-track; 316N19810923-track; 316N19821202-track; 316N19821230-track; 316N19830130-track; 316N19831007-track; 316N19840111-track; 316N19871030-track; 316N19871123-track; 316N19871218-track; 316N19880128-track; 316N19940404-track; 316N19941201-track; 316N19950124-track; 316N19950310-track; 316N19950423-track; 316N19950611-track; 316N19950715-track; 316N19950829-track; 316N19951111-track; 316N19951205-track; 316N19961102-track; 316N19971005-track; 318M19780921-track; 318M19780928-track; 318M19790210-track; 318M19790308-track;
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 1851 datasets
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: © The Author(s), 2013. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 118 (2013): 5439–5460, doi:10.1002/jgrc.20369.
    Description: Underway and in situ observations of surface ocean pCO2, combined with satellite data, were used to develop pCO2 regional algorithms to analyze the seasonal and interannual variability of surface ocean pCO2 and sea-air CO2 flux for five physically and biologically distinct regions of the eastern North American continental shelf: the South Atlantic Bight (SAB), the Mid-Atlantic Bight (MAB), the Gulf of Maine (GoM), Nantucket Shoals and Georges Bank (NS+GB), and the Scotian Shelf (SS). Temperature and dissolved inorganic carbon variability are the most influential factors driving the seasonality of pCO2. Estimates of the sea-air CO2 flux were derived from the available pCO2 data, as well as from the pCO2 reconstructed by the algorithm. Two different gas exchange parameterizations were used. The SS, GB+NS, MAB, and SAB regions are net sinks of atmospheric CO2 while the GoM is a weak source. The estimates vary depending on the use of surface ocean pCO2 from the data or algorithm, as well as with the use of the two different gas exchange parameterizations. Most of the regional estimates are in general agreement with previous studies when the range of uncertainty and interannual variability are taken into account. According to the algorithm, the average annual uptake of atmospheric CO2 by eastern North American continental shelf waters is found to be between −3.4 and −5.4 Tg C yr−1 (areal average of −0.7 to −1.0 mol CO2 m−2 yr−1) over the period 2003–2010.
    Description: We wish to acknowledge the NASA Ocean Biology and Biogeochemistry program for providing funds for this project.
    Keywords: Coastal carbon ; Sea-air CO2 fluxes ; North American east coast
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2008. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Global Biogeochemical Cycles 22 (2008): GB4027, doi:10.1029/2007GB003167.
    Description: Observational studies report a rapid decline of ocean CO2 uptake in the temperate North Atlantic during the last decade. We analyze these findings using ocean physical-biological numerical simulations forced with interannually varying atmospheric conditions for the period 1979–2004. In the simulations, surface ocean water mass properties and CO2 system variables exhibit substantial multiannual variability on sub-basin scales in response to wind-driven reorganization in ocean circulation and surface warming/cooling. The simulated temporal evolution of the ocean CO2 system is broadly consistent with reported observational trends and is influenced substantially by the phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). Many of the observational estimates cover a period after 1995 of mostly negative or weakly positive NAO conditions, which are characterized in the simulations by reduced North Atlantic Current transport of subtropical waters into the eastern basin and by a decline in CO2 uptake. We suggest therefore that air-sea CO2 uptake may rebound in the eastern temperate North Atlantic during future periods of more positive NAO, similar to the patterns found in our model for the sustained positive NAO period in the early 1990s. Thus, our analysis indicates that the recent rapid shifts in CO2 flux reflect decadal perturbations superimposed on more gradual secular trends. The simulations highlight the need for long-term ocean carbon observations and modeling to fully resolve multiannual variability, which can obscure detection of the long-term changes associated with anthropogenic CO2 uptake and climate change.
    Description: S. C. Doney and I. D. Lima were supported by NASA grant NNG05GG30G.
    Keywords: North Atlantic ; CO2 uptake ; NAO
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Format: application/postscript
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: text/plain
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