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  • 1
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    Static versus dynamic fracturing in shallow carbonate fault zones (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-12-21
    Description: Moderate to large earthquakes often nucleate within and propagate through carbonates in the shallow crust. The occurrence of thick belts of low-strain fault-related breccias is relatively common within carbonate damage zones and was generally interpreted in relation to the quasi-static growth of faults. Here we report the occurrence of hundreds of meters thick belts of intensely fragmented dolostones along a major transpressive fault zone in the Italian Southern Alps. These fault rocks have been shattered in-situ with negligible shear strain accumulation. The conditions of in-situ shattering were investigated by deforming the host dolostones in uniaxial compression both under quasi-static (strain rate ∼10−5 s−1) and dynamic (strain rate 〉50 s−1) loading. Dolostones deformed up to failure under low-strain rate were affected by single to multiple discrete extensional fractures sub-parallel to the loading direction. Dolostones deformed under high-strain rate were shattered above a strain rate threshold of ∼120 s−1 and peak stresses on average larger than the uniaxial compressive strength of the rock, whereas they were split in few fragments or remained macroscopically intact at lower strain rates. Fracture networks were investigated in three dimensions showing that low- and high-strain rate damage patterns (fracture intensity, aperture, orientation) were significantly different, with the latter being similar to that of natural in-situ shattered dolostones (i.e., comparable fragment size distributions). In-situ shattered dolostones were thus interpreted as the result of high energy dynamic fragmentation (dissipated strain energies 〉1.8 MJ/m3) similarly to pulverized rocks in crystalline lithologies. Given their seismic origin, the presence of in-situ shattered dolostones can be used in earthquake hazard studies as evidence of the propagation of seismic ruptures at shallow depths.
    Description: Published
    Description: 8-19
    Description: 7T. Struttura della Terra e geodinamica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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    PAPER (OA)
  • 2
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    Quantification of free gas in the Kumano fore-arc basin detected from borehole physical properties: IODP NanTroSEIZE drilling Site C0009 (2011)
    Wiley
    In:  Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 12 . Q0AD06.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-31
    Description: The Kumano fore-arc basin overlies the Nankai accretionary prism, formed by the subduction of the Philippine Sea Plate beneath the Eurasian plate offshore the Kii Peninsula, SW Honshu, Japan. Seismic surveys and boreholes within the framework of the Nankai Trough Seismogenic Zone Experiment (NanTroSEIZE) project show evidence of gas hydrates and free gas within the basin. Here we use high-quality borehole sonic data from Integrated Oceanic Drilling Program (IODP) Site C0009 to quantify the free gas distribution in the landward part of the basin. The Brie theory is used to quantify gas content from sonic logs, which are calibrated from laboratory measurements on drill cores. First, we show that the sonic data are mainly sensitive to the fluid phase filling the intergranular pores (effective porosity), rather than to the total porosity that includes water bound to clay minerals. We then compare the effective porosity to lithodensity-derived porosity that acts as a proxy for total porosity. The combination of these two data sets also allows assessment of clay mineralogy of the sediments. Second, we compute free gas saturation and find a gas-rich interval that is restricted to a lithological unit characterized by a high abundance of wood fragments and lignite. This unit, at the base of the fore-arc basin, is a hydrocarbon source that should be taken into account in models explaining gas distribution and the formation of the bottom-simulating reflector within the Kumano fore-arc basin.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1029/2010GC003284
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 3
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    Present-day principal horizontal stress orientations in the Kumano forearc basin of the southwest Japan subduction zone determined from IODP NanTroSEIZE drilling Site C0009 (2010)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union)
    In:  Geophysical Research Letters, 37 (13). L13303.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A 1.6 km riser borehole was drilled at site C0009 of the NanTroSEIZE, in the center of the Kumano forearc basin, as a landward extension of previous drilling in the southwest Japan Nankai subduction zone. We determined principal horizontal stress orientations from analyses of borehole breakouts and drilling-induced tensile fractures by using wireline logging formation microresistivity images and caliper data. The maximum horizontal stress orientation at C0009 is approximately parallel to the convergence vector between the Philippine Sea plate and Japan, showing a slight difference with the stress orientation which is perpendicular to the plate boundary at previous NanTroSEIZE sites C0001, C0004 and C0006 but orthogonal to the stress orientation at site C0002, which is also in the Kumano forearc basin. These data show that horizontal stress orientations are not uniform in the forearc basin within the surveyed depth range and suggest that oblique plate motion is being partitioned into strike-slip and thrusting. In addition, the stress orientations at site C0009 rotate clockwise from basin sediments into the underlying accretionary prism.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1029/2010GL043158
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
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