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  • 1
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    Data challenges and opportunities for environmental management of North Sea oil and gas decommissioning in an era of blue growth (2018)
    ELSEVIER SCI LTD
    In:  EPIC3Marine Policy, ELSEVIER SCI LTD, 97, pp. 130-138, ISSN: 0308-597X
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-09-28
    Description: Maritime industries routinely collect critical environmental data needed for sustainable management of marine ecosystems, supporting both the blue economy and future growth. Collating this information would provide a valuable resource for all stakeholders. For the North Sea, the oil and gas industry has been a dominant presence for over 50 years that has contributed to a wealth of knowledge about the environment. As the industry begins to decommission its offshore structures, this information will be critical for avoiding duplication of effort in data collection and ensuring best environmental management of offshore activities. This paper summarises the outcomes of a Blue Growth Data Challenge Workshop held in 2017 with participants from: the oil and gas industry; the key UK regulatory and management bodies for oil and gas decommissioning; open access data facilitators; and academic and research institutes. Here, environmental data collection and archiving by oil and gas operators in the North Sea are described, alongside how this compares to other offshore industries; what the barriers and opportunities surrounding environmental data sharing are; and how wider data sharing from offshore industries could be achieved. Five primary barriers to data sharing were identified: 1) Incentives, 2) Risk Perception, 3) Working Cultures, 4) Financial Models, and 5) Data Ownership. Active and transparent communication and collaboration between stakeholders including industry, regulatory bodies, data portals and academic institutions will be key to unlocking the data that will be critical to informing responsible decommissioning decisions for offshore oil and gas structures in the North Sea.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 2
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    Compositional and functional consequences of environmental change in Belgian farmland ponds (2018)
    WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING
    In:  EPIC3Freshwater Biology, WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, 63(6), pp. 581-596, ISSN: 0046-5070
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-11-09
    Description: 1. A resampling of 38 small farmland ponds in Belgium after 10 years revealed a high temporal species turnover for both phytoplankton and zooplankton communities, associated with substantial changes in abiotic factors, especially a reduction in total phosphorus concentration. 2. Across ponds, phytoplankton biomass decreased while evenness and richness increased between the samplings in 2003 and 2013. By contrast, the zooplankton assemblage was characterised by lower biomass, richness and evenness in 2013. Ponds experiencing larger environmental change showed stronger changes in phytoplankton richness and evenness. 3. Resource use efficiency (RUE) of zooplankton increased with greater environmental change and zooplankton evenness, which points to a switch towards species with higher RUE or greater variety in food sources in higher trophic levels. 4. As ponds are important habitats for freshwater biodiversity and ecosystems services, the strong but predictable species turnover and the opposing effects of environmental change on different trophic levels need to be embedded in conservation and management plans.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 3
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    Wadden Sea tidal basins and the mediating role of the North Sea in ecological processes: scaling up of management? (2012)
    ELSEVIER SCI LTD
    In:  EPIC3Ocean & Coastal Management, ELSEVIER SCI LTD, 68, pp. 69-78, ISSN: 0964-5691
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-13
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 4
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    The Wadden Sea Region: Towards a science for sustainable development (2012)
    ELSEVIER SCI LTD
    In:  EPIC3Ocean & Coastal Management, ELSEVIER SCI LTD, 68, pp. 4-17, ISSN: 0964-5691
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-02-02
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 5
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    Phylogenetic placement of environmental sequences using taxonomically reliable databases helps to rigorously assess dinophyte biodiversity in Bavarian lakes (Germany). (2019)
    WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING
    In:  EPIC3Freshwater Biology, WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, pp. 1-16, ISSN: 0046-5070
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-12-19
    Description: 1. Reliable determination of organisms is a prerequisite to explore their spatial and temporal occurrence and to study their evolution, ecology, and dispersal. In Europe, Bavaria (Germany) provides an excellent study system for research on the origin and diversification of freshwater organisms including dinophytes, due to the presence of extensive lake districts and ice age river valleys. Bavarian freshwater environments are ecologically diverse and range from deep nutrient‐poor mountain lakes to shallow nutrient‐rich lakes and ponds. 2. We obtained amplicon sequence data (V4 region of small subunit‐rRNA, c. 410 bp long) from environmental samples collected at 11 sites in Upper Bavaria. We found 186 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) associated with Dinophyceae that were further classified by means of a phylogenetic placement approach. 3. The maximum likelihood tree inferred from a well‐curated reference alignment comprised a systematically representative set of 251 dinophytes, covering the currently known molecular diversity and OTUs linked to type material if possible. Environmental OTUs were scattered across the reference tree, but accumulated mostly in freshwater lineages, with 79% of OTUs placed in either Apocalathium, Ceratium, or Peridinium, the most frequently encountered taxa in Bavaria based on morphology. 4. Twenty‐one Bavarian OTUs showed identical sequences to already known and vouchered accessions, two of which are linked to type material, namely Palatinus apiculatus and Theleodinium calcisporum. Particularly within Peridiniaceae, delimitation of Peridinium species was based on the intraspecific sequence variation. 5. Our approach indicates that high‐throughput sequencing of environmental samples is effective for reliable determination of dinophyte species in Bavarian lakes. We further discuss the importance of well‐curated reference databases that remain to be developed in the future.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 6
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    Decomposing multiple dimensions of stability in global change experiments (2017)
    WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING
    In:  EPIC3Ecology Letters, WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, ISSN: 1461-023X
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-11-14
    Description: Ecological stability is the central framework to understand an ecosystem’s ability to absorb or recover from environmental change. Recent modelling and conceptual work suggests that stability is a multidimensional construct comprising different response aspects. Using two freshwater mesocosm experiments as case studies, we show how the response to single perturbations can be decomposed in different stability aspects (resistance, resilience, recovery, temporal stability) for both ecosystem functions and community composition. We find that extended community recovery is tightly connected to a nearly complete recovery of the function (biomass production), whereas systems with incomplete recovery of the species composition ranged widely in their biomass compared to controls. Moreover, recovery was most complete when either resistance or resilience was high, the latter associated with low temporal stability around the recovery trend. In summary, no single aspect of stability was sufficient to reflect the overall stability of the system.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 7
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    Infestation of oysters and mussels by mytilicolid copepods: differences between natural coastal habitats and two offshore cultivation sites in the German Bight (2012)
    WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Applied Ichthyology, WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, 28(5), pp. 756-765, ISSN: 0175-8659
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: The aim of this study was to determine the macro-parasitic infestation level of oysters from the southern German Bight focussing on copepods of the genus Mytilicola. Crassostrea gigas, Ostrea edulis and Mytilus edulis were collected at five locations: three nearshore sites in the eastern Wadden Sea and two offshore cultivation sites in the German Bight. To reveal seasonal variations one sampling site was investigated in winter and summer. At the nearshore sites, Mytilicola orientalis was regularly detected in C. gigas. Prevalences ranged between 32.3% and 45.1%, intensity between 3.0 ± 0.6 and 8.2 ± 1.5. Infestation rates of C. gigas within the southern German Bight decreased from west to east: Apparently, M. orientalis has started its range extension along the German coast with gradual retardation eastwards but generally followed the invasion route of its main host, the Pacific oyster. Interestingly, we detected not only M. intestinalis but also M. orientalis as an intestinal parasite in M. edulis, which has sofar not previously been described as host within this region. We conclude that M. orientalis is flexible in its host choice. Furthermore, in the eastern Wadden Sea infestation rates of oysters and mussels by copepods are similar. These results deviate from the patterns observed for the northern Wadden Sea in terms of infestation level and host specificity. No macro-parasites were found in oysters and mussels from the offshore sites. This absence can be considered as potentially beneficial for aquaculture activities in the open ocean in terms of stamina and physiological performance.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , peerRev
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  • 8
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    Role of deposit-feeding sea cucumbers in integrated multitrophic aquaculture: progress, problems, potential and future challenges (2016)
    WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING
    In:  EPIC3Reviews in Aquaculture, WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, ISSN: 1753-5131
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: There is significant commercial and research interest in the application of sea cucumbers as nutrient recyclers and processors of particulate waste in polyculture or integrated multitrophic aquaculture (IMTA) systems. The following article reviews examples of existing IMTA systems operating with sea cucumbers, and details the role and effect of several sea cucumber species in experimental and pilot IMTA systems worldwide. Historical observations and quantification of impacts of sea cucumber deposit-feeding and locomotion are examined, as is the development and testing of concepts for the application of sea cucumbers in sediment remediation and site recovery. The extension of applied IMTA systems is reported, from basic piloting through to economically viable farming systems operating at commercial scales. The near-global recognition of the ecological and economic value of deposit-feeding sea cucumbers in IMTA applications within existing and developing aquaculture industries is discussed. Predictions and recommendations are offered for optimal development of sea cucumber IMTA globally. Future directions within the industry are indicated, and key areas of ecological, biological and commercial concern are highlighted to be kept in mind and addressed in a precautionary manner as the industry develops.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 9
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    Role of modular polyketide synthases in the production of polyether ladder compounds in ciguatoxin-producing Gambierdiscus polynesiensis and G. excentricus (Dinophyceae) (2017)
    WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology, WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, ISSN: 1066-5234
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-12-21
    Description: Gambierdiscus, a benthic dinoflagellate, produces ciguatoxins that cause the human illness Ciguatera. Ciguatoxins are polyether ladder compounds that have a polyketide origin, indicating that polyketide synthases (PKS) are involved in their production. We sequenced transcriptomes of Gambierdiscus excentricus and Gambierdiscus polynesiensis and found 264 contigs encoding single domain ketoacyl synthases (KS; G. excentricus: 106, G. polynesiensis: 143) and ketoreductases (KR; G. excentricus: 7, G. polynesiensis: 8) with sequence similarity to type I PKSs, as reported in other dinoflagellates. In addition, 24 contigs (G. excentricus: 3, G. polynesiensis: 21) encoding multiple PKS domains (forming typical type I PKSs modules) were found. The proposed structure produced by one of these megasynthases resembles a partial carbon backbone of a polyether ladder compound. Seventeen contigs encoding single domain KS, KR, s-malonyltransacylase, dehydratase and enoyl reductase with sequence similarity to type II fatty acid synthases (FAS) in plants were found. Type I PKS and type II FAS genes were distinguished based on the arrangement of domains on the contigs and their sequence similarity and phylogenetic clustering with known PKS/FAS genes in other organisms. This differentiation of PKS and FAS pathways in Gambierdiscus is important, as it will facilitate approaches to investigating toxin biosynthesis pathways in dinoflagellates.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 10
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    Spatial distribution of microplastics in sediments and surface waters of the southern North Sea (2019)
    ELSEVIER SCI LTD
    In:  EPIC3Environmental Pollution, ELSEVIER SCI LTD, 252(Part B), pp. 1719-1729, ISSN: 0269-7491
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-29
    Description: Microplastic pollution within the marine environment is of pressing concern globally. Accordingly, spatial monitoring of microplastic concentrations, composition and size distribution may help to identify sources and entry pathways, and hence allow initiating focused mitigation. Spatial distribution patterns of microplastics were investigated in two compartments of the southern North Sea by collecting sublittoral sediment and surface water samples from 24 stations. Large microplastics (500−5000 μm) were detected visually and identified using attenuated total reflection (ATR) Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The remaining sample was digested enzymatically, concentrated onto filters and analyzed for small microplastics (11−500 μm) using Focal Plane Array (FPA) FTIR imaging. Microplastics were detected in all samples with concentrations ranging between 2.8 and 1188.8 particles kg−1 for sediments and 0.1–245.4 particles m−3 for surface waters. On average 98% of microplastics were 〈100 μm in sediments and 86% in surface waters. The most prevalent polymer types in both compartments were polypropylene, acrylates/polyurethane/varnish, and polyamide. However, polymer composition differed significantly between sediment and surface water samples as well as between the Frisian Islands and the English Channel sites. These results show that microplastics are not evenly distributed, in neither location nor size, which is illuminating regarding the development of monitoring protocols.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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