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  • 1
    Book
    Book
    Actas del aula de trabajo sobre purgas de mar y fitoplancton tóxico en la península Ibérica (1993)
    Madrid : Instituto Español de Oceanografía
    Details Availability
    Type of Medium: Book
    Pages: 56 S
    Series Statement: Informes técnicos / Instituto Español de Oceanografía 144
    Language: Spanish
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    GEOMAR CATALOGUE
    Link to Library Catalog
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of diarrhetic shellfish toxins in various dinoflagellate species (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of applied phycology 1 (1989), S. 147-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5176
    Keywords: diarrhetic shellfish poisoning ; fluorometric HPLC determination ; Dinophysis spp. ; Prorocentrum lima
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Sixteen species of unialgal samples of dinoflagellate, either wild or cultured, were tested for production of diarrhetic shellfish toxins such as okadaic acid (OA), dinophysistoxin-1 (DTX1), and pectenotoxins (PTXs). Determination of micro-quantities of the toxins was facilitated by fluorometry and UV HPLC. Seven Dinophysis species were confirmed to produce either OA or DTX1, or both. Toxin content and composition varied regionally and seasonally. Intraspecies variation was also observed among cultured strains of Prorocentrum lima. PTX2 was the only toxin detected among PTX family, and D. fortii was the only species to contain this toxin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00003877
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
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    Role of modular polyketide synthases in the production of polyether ladder compounds in ciguatoxin-producing Gambierdiscus polynesiensis and G. excentricus (Dinophyceae) (2017)
    WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology, WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, ISSN: 1066-5234
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-12-21
    Description: Gambierdiscus, a benthic dinoflagellate, produces ciguatoxins that cause the human illness Ciguatera. Ciguatoxins are polyether ladder compounds that have a polyketide origin, indicating that polyketide synthases (PKS) are involved in their production. We sequenced transcriptomes of Gambierdiscus excentricus and Gambierdiscus polynesiensis and found 264 contigs encoding single domain ketoacyl synthases (KS; G. excentricus: 106, G. polynesiensis: 143) and ketoreductases (KR; G. excentricus: 7, G. polynesiensis: 8) with sequence similarity to type I PKSs, as reported in other dinoflagellates. In addition, 24 contigs (G. excentricus: 3, G. polynesiensis: 21) encoding multiple PKS domains (forming typical type I PKSs modules) were found. The proposed structure produced by one of these megasynthases resembles a partial carbon backbone of a polyether ladder compound. Seventeen contigs encoding single domain KS, KR, s-malonyltransacylase, dehydratase and enoyl reductase with sequence similarity to type II fatty acid synthases (FAS) in plants were found. Type I PKS and type II FAS genes were distinguished based on the arrangement of domains on the contigs and their sequence similarity and phylogenetic clustering with known PKS/FAS genes in other organisms. This differentiation of PKS and FAS pathways in Gambierdiscus is important, as it will facilitate approaches to investigating toxin biosynthesis pathways in dinoflagellates.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , peerRev
    Format: application/pdf
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    PAPER (OA)
  • 4
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    Harmful algal bloom events in the Canary Current Large Marine Ecosystem (2016)
    IOC-UNESCO | Paris, France
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: We provide a review of Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) within the Canary Current Large Marine Ecosystem (CCLME). As yet all documented HABs within the region have been associated with the production of one or another toxin. The diversity of harmful algae recorded within the region is similar to that found in other eastern boundary upwelling systems, and includes those species responsible for paralytic shellfish poisoning, diarrhetic shellfish poisoning, amnesic shellfish poisoning and azaspiracid poisoning. Also present off Northwest Africa, but generally absent from the other major upwelling systems, are those species responsible for ciguatera fish poisoning and microcystin-producing cyanobacterial blooms. Their presence is afforded by the subtropical habitat provided by the island archipelagos found within the CCLME. It is intended that this brief review will provide the foundation and stimulus for further studies of the ecology and dynamics of HABs, of their toxins, and of the public health and socioeconomic impacts of HABs within this region.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Amnesic shellfish poisoning ; Azaspiracid poisoning ; Ciguatera fish poisoning ; CCLME ; ASFA15::P::Paralytic shellfish poisoning ; ASFA15::D::Diarrhetic shellfish poisoning
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report Section , Refereed
    Format: pp. 175-182
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    PAPER (OA)
  • 5
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    Morphological and phylogenetic data do not support the split of Alexandrium into four genera (2020)
    ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
    In:  EPIC3Harmful Algae, ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 98, pp. 101902, ISSN: 1568-9883
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-13
    Description: A recently published study analyzed the phylogenetic relationship between the genera Centrodinium and Alexandrium, confirming an earlier publication showing the genus Alexandrium as paraphyletic. This most recent manuscript retained the genus Alexandrium, introduced a new genus Episemicolon, resurrected two genera, Gessnerium and Protogonyaulax, and stated that: “The polyphyly [sic] of Alexandrium is solved with the split into four genera”. However, these reintroduced taxa were not based on monophyletic groups. Therefore this work, if accepted, would result in replacing a single paraphyletic taxon with several non-monophyletic ones. The morphological data presented for genus characterization also do not convincingly support taxa delimitations. The combination of weak molecular phylogenetics and the lack of diagnostic traits (i.e., autapomorphies) render the applicability of the concept of limited use. The proposal to split the genus Alexandrium on the basis of our current knowledge is rejected herein. The aim here is not to present an alternative analysis and revision, but to maintain Alexandrium. A better constructed and more phylogenetically accurate revision can and should wait until more complete evidence becomes available and there is a strong reason to revise the genus Alexandrium. The reasons are explained in detail by a review of the available molecular and morphological data for species of the genera Alexandrium and Centrodinium. In addition, cyst morphology and chemotaxonomy are discussed, and the need for integrative taxonomy is highlighted.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
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    PAPER (OA)
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