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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The role of transcurrent intra-arc tectonics in the configuration of a volcanic arc (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Terra nova 4 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3121
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie
    Notizen: Field investigations show that Plio-Quaternary Mexican and Quaternary Ecuadorian volcanic arcs are coeval with intra-arc transcurrent or transtensional tectonics with motions along faults parallel or subparallel to the arc. This relationship can also be observed in the Quaternary Kamchatka arc. These arcs have an anomalously wide distribution of volcanic centres which cannot be explained simply by a low dip in the subducting lithosphere. Comparison with the intra-arc tectonics and geometry of other Quaternary arcs reveals that strike-slip fault zones, parallel to the arc, favour magma rising in a broad surficial zone and may channel magma feeding mainly huge stratovolcanoes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3121.1992.tb00598.x
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Eocene simple shear and plio-quaternary pure-shear folding in the Central-Eastern Algerian Atlas (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Terra nova 2 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3121
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie
    Notizen: Tertiary folds of the central and eastern part of the Algerian Atlas were studied in order to assess their kinematics and regimes of deformation. Folds developed following two main phases of deformation during the Eocene and the Pliocene. The NE-SW trending Eocene folds show a clockwise rotation of fold axis with depth, noncylindrical geometry and a right-stepping en echelon configuration. Early secondary structures inside each fold are also rotated clockwise with respect to the younger folds. These data are in agreement with progressive ‘simple shear’ deformation. Pliocene folds strike E-W and display a cylindrical geometry. Associated Plio-Quaternary brittle structures show no rotational path. These observations are compatible with ‘pure shear’ style of deformation. These results, in combination with focal mechanism solutions, have important implications for the understanding of the kinematic evolution of the western segment of the African-European plate boundary. For Algeria they imply that transcurrent motion during the Paleogene was followed by coaxial shortening with a NNW direction during Neogene-Quaternary times. Comparison with published data for Morocco and Tunisia suggests that this transcurrent regime developed from west to east continuing from the Middle Jurassic through to the Miocene.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3121.1990.tb00130.x
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Major changes in volcano behaviour after a sector collapse: insights from Stromboli, Italy (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Terra nova 16 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3121
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie
    Notizen: In recent years, increasing numbers of volcanoes are being recognized as having undergone large sector collapses. How far such events can change the succeeding behaviour of the volcano is poorly known, despite the importance for natural hazards and economic applications. By analysing the last 100-kyr geological history of Stromboli (Italy), which has involved multiple collapses, this paper illuminates the feedback effect between sector collapse and magma upwelling and emplacement. The collapsed zone of Stromboli is episodically unbuttressed, draining magma preferentially with formation of eruptive centres in the collapse amphitheatre and dyking along the collapse shoulders. After a collapse, there were no further linear eruptions across the cone on opposing middle–lower slopes, but these occurred again after rebuilding of the cone. The time-averaged eruption rate increased immediately before the first collapse and remained higher during the succeeding period of frequent collapses.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3121.2003.00517.x
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  • 4
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    Multiple hazards and paths to eruptions: A review of the volcanic system of Vulcano (Aeolian Islands, Italy) (2020)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-10-07
    Beschreibung: Vulcano is one of the 7 volcanic islands and 6 seamounts forming the Aeolian volcanic district (Italy). Vulcano has a long eruptive record, and its last eruption (1888–90 AD) originated the definition of the Vulcanian eruptive style. Like most volcanic islands, Vulcano generates many potentially interconnected hazards, determining a potentially high risk. Here, we review the state of knowledge on its geology, eruptive activity, historical accounts, structural setting, geophysical and geochemical surveillance, and available hazard assessment, in order to have an updated picture of the state knowledge on volcanic hazard. We follow a prototypal reviewing scheme, based on three standardized steps: i) review of the volcanic system; ii) review of available eruptive and noneruptive hazard quantifications; iii) development of a conceptual interpretative model. We find that, while a rather vast literature is dedicated to the volcanic system of Vulcano and the reconstruction of past events, few quantitative hazard assessments exist. In addition, the range of natural variability considered for each hazard is potentially underestimated (e.g. limited range of considered eruption magnitude and style and of vent position), as it is the potential effect of multi-hazard impact. The developed conceptual model for the feeding system provides a synthetic picture of the present knowledge about the system, as emerged from the review. In addition, it allows for the identification of potential paths-to-eruption and provides a first order link among the main hazards. This review provides an up-to-date snapshot of existing knowledge on volcanic hazard at Vulcano on which to build future hazard quantifications as well as to support present and future decision making.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 103186
    Beschreibung: 1V. Storia eruttiva
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 5
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    Massive data collection in volcanic areas owing to photogrammetryderived models: a key example from the NE Rift, Mt Etna (Italy). (2021)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-07-16
    Beschreibung: The collection of a conspicuous amount of data in volcanic areas is a key for a deeper understanding of the relationships between faulting, diking and superficial volcanic processes. A way to quickly collect huge amounts of data is to analyse photogrammetry-derived models (Digital surface models, orthomosaics and 3D models) using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) to collect all necessary pictures obtaining final models with a texture ground resolution up to 2-3 cm/pix. In this work, we describe our approach to build up models of a broad area located in the NE Rift of Mt. Etna, which is affected by continuous ground deformation linked to gravity sliding of the eastern flank of the volcano and dyke injection. The area is characterized by the presence of eruptive craters and fissures, extension fractures, and normal faults, as well as by historical lava flows. The goal was to quantify the kinematics at extensional fractures and normal faults, integrating the latter with seismological data to reconstruct the stress field acting in this peculiar sector of the volcano. By the point of view of UAV surveying, the test area is challenging since it is located at an altitude ranging between 2700 and 1900 m a.s.l., and it is affected by extreme weather conditions, like a strong wind. Resulting models, in the form of DSM and orthomosaic, are characterised by a resolution of 11.86 and 2.97 cm/pix, respectively, obtained from the elaboration of 4018 photos and covering an area of 2.2 km2. Thanks to these models, we recognized the presence of 20 normal fault segments, 250 extension fractures, and 54 single eruptive fissures. Considering all the above mention data, we quantified the kinematics at extensional fractures and normal faults, obtaining an extension rate of 1.9 cm/yr for the last 406 yr.
    Beschreibung: INGV
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: Vienna
    Beschreibung: 2V. Struttura e sistema di alimentazione dei vulcani
    Schlagwort(e): Etna ; Drone ; SfM tecniques ; NE rift ; 04.08. Volcanology
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: Conference paper
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  • 6
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    Unbekannt
    Improving natural risk management by means of virtual surveys through hazardous volcanic contexts by using Augmented and Virtual Reality (2019)
    EGU
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-04-04
    Beschreibung: To ensure an efficient natural risk management, we need an in-depth understanding and assessment of risk as well as the adoption of effective prevention measures. Modern techniques such as Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) offer the opportunity to explore our environment for professional as well as educational purposes, conveying useful information not only to scientists, but also to at-risk populations. “Virtual navigation on volcanoes by Augmented Reality and 3D-headset” was a geoevent we organized in the framework of the 6th edition of the Italian “Settimana del Pianeta Terra” (Week of Planet Earth) in October 2018. The geoevent featured AR and Virtual Reality exhibits, highlighting the benefits of these tools in applications for Earth monitoring, also with positive contributions in mitigation actions to reduce the impact of natural hazards. We proposed virtual 3D models of volcanic regions in Iceland and Italy (at Etna volcano), which guided the visitors in a virtual survey through hazardous contexts like landslide prone areas and fault zones. The event was supported as part of the 3DTeLC project funded through the Erasmus+ Key Action 2 Strategic Partnerships for Higher Education scheme (Project Reference: 2017-1-UK01-KA203-036719).
    Beschreibung: 3DTeLC project funded through the Erasmus+ Key Action 2 Strategic Partnerships for Higher Education scheme (Project Reference: 2017-1-UK01-KA203-036719)
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: Vienna, Austria
    Beschreibung: 1TM. Formazione
    Schlagwort(e): virtual reality ; augmented reality ; natural risk management ; volcanic hazard
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: Poster session
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  • 7
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    Multidisciplinary analyses for mapping and evaluating kinematics and stress/strain field at active faults and fissures at NE Rift, Mt Etna (Italy) (2021)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-12-13
    Beschreibung: Strategies for disaster risk reduction in volcanic areas are mostly driven by multidisciplinary analyses, which offer effective and complementary information on complex geomorphological and volcano-tectonic environments. For example, quantification of the offset at active faults and fissures is of paramount importance to shed light on the kinematics of zones prone to deformation and/or seismic activity. This provides key information for the assessment of seismic hazard, but also for the identification of conditions that may favor magma uprising and opening of eruptive fissures. Here we present the results of a study encompassing detailed geological, structural and seismological observations focusing on part of the NE Rift at Etna volcano (Italy). The area is situated at an elevation ranging between 2700 and 1900 m a.s.l. where harsh meteorological conditions and difficult logistics render classical field work a troublesome issue. In order to bypass these difficulties, high-resolution (2.8 cm) UAV survey has been recently completed. The survey highlights the presence of 250 extension fractures, 20 normal fault segments, and 54 eruptive fissures. The study allows us to quantify the kinematics at extensional fractures and normal faults, obtaining an extension rate of 1.9 cm/yr for the last 406 yr. With a total of 432 structural data collected by UAV along with SfM photogrammetry, this work also demonstrates the suitability of the application of such surveys for the monitoring of hazardous zone.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: online (vEGU21)
    Beschreibung: 5T. Sismologia, geofisica e geologia per l'ingegneria sismica
    Schlagwort(e): Etna ; stress and strain field ; active faults ; NE Rift ; volcano ; kinematics ; UAV survey ; multidisciplinary analysis ; 04.08. Volcanology ; 04.06. Seismology ; 04.07. Tectonophysics
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: Conference paper
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  • 8
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    Unbekannt
    How Academics and the Public Experienced Immersive Virtual Reality for Geo-Education (2022)
    MDPI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-01-11
    Beschreibung: Immersive virtual reality can potentially open up interesting geological sites to students, academics and others who may not have had the opportunity to visit such sites previously. We study how users perceive the usefulness of an immersive virtual reality approach applied to Earth Sciences teaching and communication. During nine immersive virtual reality-based events held in 2018 and 2019 in various locations (Vienna in Austria, Milan and Catania in Italy, Santorini in Greece), a large number of visitors had the opportunity to navigate, in immersive mode, across geological landscapes reconstructed by cutting-edge, unmanned aerial system-based photogrammetry techniques. The reconstructed virtual geological environments are specifically chosen virtual geosites, from Santorini (Greece), the North Volcanic Zone (Iceland), and Mt. Etna (Italy). Following the user experiences, we collected 459 questionnaires, with a large spread in participant age and cultural background. We find that the majority of respondents would be willing to repeat the immersive virtual reality experience, and importantly, most of the students and Earth Science academics who took part in the navigation confirmed the usefulness of this approach for geo-education purposes.
    Beschreibung: This research has been provided in the framework of the following projects: (i) the MIUR project ACPR15T4_00098–Argo3D (http://argo3d.unimib.it/ (accessed on 26 November 2021)); (ii) 3DTeLC Erasmus + Project 2017-1-UK01-KA203-036719 (http://www.3dtelc.com (accessed on 26 November 2021)); (iii) EGU 2018 Public Engagement Grant (https://www.egu.eu/outreach/peg/ (accessed on 26 November 2021)). Agisoft Metashape is acknowledged for photogrammetric data processing. This article is also an outcome of Project MIUR–Dipartimenti di Eccellenza 2018–2022. Finally, this paper is an outcome of the Virtual Reality lab for Earth Sciences—GeoVires lab (https://geovires.unimib.it/ (accessed on 26 November 2021)). The work supports UNESCO IGCP 692 ‘Geoheritage for Resilience’.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 9
    Beschreibung: 1TM. Formazione
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): immersive virtual reality ; geology; ; photogrammetry; ; education; ; Iceland; ; Santorini ; Etna ; 04.04. Geology ; 05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues ; 05.04. Instrumentation and techniques of general interest ; 04.08. Volcanology
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 9
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    A New Way to Explore Volcanic Areas: QR-Code-Based Virtual Geotrail at Mt. Etna Volcano, Italy (2023)
    MDPI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-02-01
    Beschreibung: In this body of work, we showcase a historic virtual geotrail on the eastern flank of the iconic Mt. Etna volcano (Italy), along a series of outstanding geological sites and features subsequent to an important eruption that took place in 1928. A geohistoric account of such a major eruption, is of great interest, since it is the only event since 1669 to have caused the destruction of a town (Mascali) in the Etna region. Volcanologists, educators, the lay public, tourists and volcano explorers can now access a series of “virtual geostops” belonging to this virtual geotrail, such that “visitors” can virtually fly above these sites by scanning a QR code on the printed or electronic version of the present manuscript, as well as on the poster provided as additional material for this manuscript. The virtual geostops that comprise the virtual geotrail were developed using the structure-frommotion (SfM) photogrammetry technique from images captured by using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The main result of our work is the virtual geotrail, subdivided in two parts and composed of eight geostops, each showing outstanding examples of geological features resulting from volcanic phenomena that took place also during 1979. Our approach is designed to support classical field trips, and it can undoubtedly become complementary to traditional field teaching in earth sciences, both now and in the future.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 377
    Beschreibung: 1V. Storia eruttiva
    Beschreibung: 2V. Struttura e sistema di alimentazione dei vulcani
    Beschreibung: 2TM. Divulgazione Scientifica
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): geotrail ; 04. Solid Earth
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 10
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    Surface deformation during the 1928 fissure eruption of Mt. Etna (Italy): Insights from field data and FEM numerical modelling (2023)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-01-23
    Beschreibung: The 1928 CE volcanic activity on eastern Etna, Italy, produced wide surface deformation and high effusion rates along fissures, with excess volumes of about 50 million m3 of lavas. This, in conjunction with the low elevation of the main eruptive vents (1150 m a.s.l.), caused the destruction of the Mascali town. Our research focuses on a multidisciplinary study from field observations and Finite Element Method modelling through COMSOL Multiphysics ®, with the aim of reconstructing the geometry, kinematics and origin of the system of faults and fissures formed during the 1928 event. We collected quantitative measurements from 438 sites of azimuth values, opening direction and aperture amount of dry fissures, and attitude and vertical offsets of faults. From west to east, four volcanotectonic settings have been identified, related to dike propagation in the same direction: 1) a sequence of 8 eruptive vents, surrounded by a 385-m wide graben, 2) a 2.5-km long single eruptive fissure, 3) a half-graben as wide as 74 m and a symmetric, 39-m-wide graben without evidence of eruption, 4) alignment of lower vents along the pre-existing Ripe della Naca faults. Field data, along with historical aerial photos, became inputs to FEM numerical models. The latter allowed us to investigate the connection between diking and surface deformation during the 1928 event, subject to a range of overpressure values (1–20 MPa), host rock properties (1–30 GPa) and geometrical complexity (stratigraphic sequence, layer thickness). In addition, we studied the distribution of tensile and shear stresses above the dike tip and gained insights into dike-induced graben scenarios. Our multidisciplinary study reports that soft (e.g. tuff) layers can act as temporary stress barriers and control the surface deformation scenarios (dike-induced graben, single fracture or eruptive fissures) above a propagating dike by suppressing the distribution of shear stresses towards the surface.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 229468
    Beschreibung: 2V. Struttura e sistema di alimentazione dei vulcani
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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