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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pelagic occurrence of the sympagic amphipod Gammarus wilkitzkii in ice-free waters of the Greenland Sea – dead end or part of life-cycle? (1999)
    Springer
    Polar biology 22 (1999), S. 56-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The sympagic (=ice-associated) amphipod Gammarus wilkitzkii usually lives attached to the underside of Arctic sea ice. During an expedition to the Greenland Sea in May/June 1997, high numbers of this species were found in pelagic Rectangular Midwater Trawl catches (0–500 m water depth) in an ice-free area, 35–42 km away from the ice edge. The amphipods seemed to have maintained position in the water column for at least 4 days. Mean biomass data (length: 2.9 cm, organic content: 73% dry mass), gut fullness (〉50% in 85% of specimens) and sex ratio (females:males = 1:1.5) of these amphipods were very similar to values for under-ice populations. Due to their relatively high body density (mean: 1.134 g cm−3), the energy demand for swimming was assumed to be high. Measurements of oxygen consumption of swimming and resting amphipods (8.8 and 4.0 J g wet mass−1 day−1, respectively) suggested that, from an energetic point of view, G. wilkitzkii would maintain position in an ice-free water column for the time period.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003000050390
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The lipid compositions of high-Antarctic notothenioid fish species with different life strategies (2000)
    Springer
    Polar biology 23 (2000), S. 785-791 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Lipid and fatty acid compositions of five notothenioid fishes from the Antarctic Weddell and Lazarev Seas were investigated in detail with regard to their different modes of life. The pelagic Aethotaxis mitopteryx was the lipid-richest species (mean of 61.4% of dry mass, DM) followed by Pleuragramma antarcticum (37.7%DM). The benthopelagic Trematomus lepidorhinus had an intermediate lipid content of 23.2%DM. The benthic Bathydraco marri (20.8%DM) and Dolloidraco longedorsalis (14.5%DM) belonged to the lipid-poorer species. Triacylglycerols were the major lipid class in all species. Important fatty acids were 16:0, 16:1(n-7), 18:1(n-9), 18:1(n-7), 20:5(n-3) and 22:6(n-3). The enhanced proportions of the long-chain monounsaturated fatty acids, 20:1 and 22:1, in the lipid-rich pelagic fishes clearly reflected the ingestion of the two copepod species, Calanoides acutus and Calanus propinquus, which are the only known Antarctic zooplankters rich in these fatty acids. Although wax esters are the major storage lipid in many prey species, they were absent in all notothenioid fishes studied. Thus, wax esters ingested with prey are probably converted to triacylglycerols via fatty acids or metabolised by the fishes. The enhanced lipid accumulation with increasingly pelagic lifestyle has energetic advantages, especially with regard to improved buoyancy. It is still unknown to what extent these lipids are utilised as energy reserves, since it has been suggested that not only the benthic but also the pelagic Antarctic fishes are rather sluggish, with a low scope for activity and hence low metabolic requirements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003000000153
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heterokrohnia longicaudata, a new species of chaetognatha from Antarctic waters (1986)
    Springer
    Polar biology 5 (1986), S. 181-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A new bathypelagic species of the genus Heterokrohnia, H. longicaudata, is described and separated from the other five previously described Heterokrohnia species, H. mirabilis Ritter-Záhony 1911, H. bathybia Marumo and Kitou 1966, H. involucrum Dawson 1968, H. longidentata Kapp and Hagen 1985 and H. fragilis Kapp and Hagen 1985. The new specimen has been found at great depths (2,350m–1,000m) near Elephant Island, in the atlantic sector north of the Antarctic Peninsula.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00441698
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur Disposition für Erkrankung an Tuberkulose (1924)
    Springer
    Lung 58 (1924), S. 481-487 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1750
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02078710
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Two new species of Heterokrohnia (Chaetognatha) from Antarctic waters (1985)
    Springer
    Polar biology 4 (1985), S. 53-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Two new species of the genus Heterokrohnia, H. longidentata and H. fragilis, are described and compared with the other three known Heterokrohnia species, H. mirabilis Ritter-Záhony 1911; H. bathybia Marumo and Kitou 1966 and H. involucrum Dawson 1968. The species have been found at great depths (1,000 m–2,000 m) near Elephant Island, north of the Antarctic Peninsula.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00286817
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lipid contents of five species of notothenioid fish from high-Antarctic waters and ecological implications (1994)
    Springer
    Polar biology 14 (1994), S. 359-369 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Comprehensive data are presented on the total lipid contents of five species of notothenioid fish collected during summer 1991 in the Weddell Sea and the Lazarev Sea south of 69°S. The species were selected based on their different modes of life, benthic, benthopelagic and pelagic, to examine how the life style — among other factors — affects the proximate composition of these high-Antarctic fishes. Lipid contents of whole specimens showed an extremely wide range from 3.1 to 67.5% of dry weight (%DW), with corresponding carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratios between 3.4 and 11.3. Lowest lipid contents were found in the benthic species Bathydraco marri and Dolloidraco longedorsalis with means of 11.0 and 11.9 %DW. The benthopelagic Trematomus lepidorhinus had an intermediate mean lipid content of 20.8 %DW, and the pelagic species Pleuragramma antarcticum and Aethotaxis mitopteryx were richest in lipid with means of 47.0 %DW and 60.8 %DW. There was a pronounced ontogenetic lipid accumulation with increasing size discernible in the lipid-rich species, especially in P. antarcticum. No clear relationship was found between lipid content and sex or maturity in A. mitopteryx and T. lepidorhinus, only the males of B. marri had higher lipid contents than the females. Lipid contents and water contents were inversely correlated. In conclusion, the mode of life of these species was clearly reflected by their lipid contents and lipids seem to have an important function, particularly as buoyancy aids in the pelagic species, which like all notothenioids lack a swim-bladder.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00240256
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  • 7
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    Short- and long-term acclimation patterns of the giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera (Laminariales, Phaeophyceae) along a depth gradient (2016)
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Phycology, 52(2), pp. 260-273
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-07-27
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 8
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    MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry as a novel tool for zooplankton biodiversity studies - Copepod distribution throughout the eastern Atlantic Ocean (2016)
    In:  EPIC36th Zooplankton Production Symposium, Bergen, Norway, 2016-05-09-2016-05-13
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-08-01
    Description: Copepods comprise the majority of mesozooplankton communities in all marine regions. Their diversity is likely regulated by environmental parameters and species-specific ecophysiological aspects making the distributional pattern of certain species an environmental indicator to detect changes in the marine habitat. We studied copepod distribution and diversity at six stations along a meridional transect in the eastern Atlantic Ocean (25°N to 21°S) from surface to 2000 m depths. Community and trophic structures with special regard to calanoid copepods were analyzed. Below the euphotic zone, representatives of the family Spinocalanidae were particularly abundant and diverse but morphological species identification both of adults and juveniles was very challenging. To elucidate both diversity and species- and stage-specific vertical distribution of Spinocalanidae we therefore applied an integrated taxonomic approach combining morphology, DNA sequence analyses and proteomics using the matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Each specimen was analysed by the three methodologies by portioning the whole organism. Species clusters were similar for DNA sequence analyses and MALDI-TOF MS and resulted in a higher amount of species clusters compared to the morphological identification. Since MALDI-TOF MS is a rather time- and cost-efficient technology, we were able to identify high individual numbers of the Spinocalanidae and received a quantitative, high species-resolution picture of adult and juvenile Spinocalanidae and their distributional patterns.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , notRev
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  • 9
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    Pushing the limits: Asian shore crabs Hemigrapsus spp. in northwest Europe (2017)
    In:  EPIC318. Crustaceologen-Tagung, Berlin, 2017-03-30-2017-04-02Berlin
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-07
    Description: The Asian shore crab Hemigrapsus sanguineus and its congener, the Asian brush-clawed crab H. takanoi, were first found in Europe in 1999 and 1994, respectively. Hemigrapsus sanguineus was initially detected in Le Havre (France) and in the Oosterschelde (The Netherlands). Now it occurs from northern France to the German Wadden Sea. Hemigrapsus takanoi was originally found in La Rochelle (France) and is now established from the Bay of Biscay to the German Wadden Sea. In 2014, a Baltic Sea population was detected in Kiel Fjord (Germany), most likely introduced via the Kiel Canal. Here we summarize the most recent findings on the northern expansion of H. sanguineus and H. takanoi and their competition with the native counterpart, the green shore crab Carcinus maenas. Two population studies in the intertidal areas around the rocky island of Helgoland and the Wadden Sea island of Sylt (Germany) revealed that the three species favor different levels of wave exposure. Our studies presented the highest densities of Hemigrapsus spp. in Europe so far with 144 H. sanguineus m-2 on Helgoland, and more than 200 ind. m-2 of either species on Sylt. The Baltic population of H. takanoi is increasing in Kiel Fjord and adjacent bays. Individuals of H. takanoi were recently found in Wismar Bay, further east along the Baltic coast. In the framework of a citizen-science project, specimen of both species were found at the Swedish west coast, representing the northernmost records in Europe so far. The success of established populations and the continuous extension of the distribution areas suggest that the presence and impact of both Hemigrapsus species on European coasts will significantly increase in the future.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , notRev
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  • 10
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    Is the heterogeneity of digestive enzymes in the North Sea shrimp Crangon crangon (Decapoda) an adaptation to a variable environment (2017)
    In:  EPIC3Physiomar 17, Cripps Court, Magdalene College, Cambridge, UK, 2017-09-18-2017-09-21
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-11-08
    Description: Metabolic regulation, control of gene expression or the evolutionary origin of new proteins are examples of biochemical adaptations that allow organisms to survive within a wide spectrum of environmental conditions. The North Sea shrimp Crangon crangon has high reproduction rates. It is an opportunistic feeder and shows to be well adapted to heterogeneous and variable environmental conditions. Previous studies revealed unusual expression patterns and isoforms of digestive enzymes with a high variability between individuals and between seasons. Such a pronounced variability is not common in other decapod species. The unspecific feeding habits of C. crangon can be seen as an adaptation to a variable environment. This may be supported by the heterogeneity of digestive endopeptidases due to the variability of food sources. Previous studies showed protein polymorphism as a phase in molecular evolution. It represents the first step in the long‐lasting establishment of mutations within populations. The reasons for the unusual heterogeneity of digestive enzymes in C. crangon are not yet clear, but a better understanding of this phenomenon can help to explain the extraordinary performance of C. crangon in a highly variable environment. We obtained the transcriptome of midgut gland tissue from C. crangon, which we used as a basis for gene expression analyses. Additionally, the obtained sequences were analysed for isoforms of the key digestive enzymes. First results indicate that the expression of digestive enzymes in C. crangon follow a similar pattern as previously seen in enzyme activities. Cysteine proteinases seem to have more isoforms participating in the extracellular digestion than serine proteinases. This approach will help to better understand processes that modulate the unique expression pattern of digestive enzymes and biochemical strategies that allow this species to exist in a very variable environment.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , notRev
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