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  • 1
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    MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry as a novel tool for zooplankton biodiversity studies - Copepod distribution throughout the eastern Atlantic Ocean (2016)
    In:  EPIC36th Zooplankton Production Symposium, Bergen, Norway, 2016-05-09-2016-05-13
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-08-01
    Description: Copepods comprise the majority of mesozooplankton communities in all marine regions. Their diversity is likely regulated by environmental parameters and species-specific ecophysiological aspects making the distributional pattern of certain species an environmental indicator to detect changes in the marine habitat. We studied copepod distribution and diversity at six stations along a meridional transect in the eastern Atlantic Ocean (25°N to 21°S) from surface to 2000 m depths. Community and trophic structures with special regard to calanoid copepods were analyzed. Below the euphotic zone, representatives of the family Spinocalanidae were particularly abundant and diverse but morphological species identification both of adults and juveniles was very challenging. To elucidate both diversity and species- and stage-specific vertical distribution of Spinocalanidae we therefore applied an integrated taxonomic approach combining morphology, DNA sequence analyses and proteomics using the matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Each specimen was analysed by the three methodologies by portioning the whole organism. Species clusters were similar for DNA sequence analyses and MALDI-TOF MS and resulted in a higher amount of species clusters compared to the morphological identification. Since MALDI-TOF MS is a rather time- and cost-efficient technology, we were able to identify high individual numbers of the Spinocalanidae and received a quantitative, high species-resolution picture of adult and juvenile Spinocalanidae and their distributional patterns.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , notRev
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  • 2
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    High-resolution community analysis of deep-sea copepods using MALDI-TOF protein fingerprinting (2018)
    In:  EPIC3Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, 138, pp. 122-130, ISSN: 09670637
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-08-27
    Description: Knowledge of zooplankton community structure is essential to understand ecosystem functioning. Therefore, accurate species identification is a crucial step in plankton studies. Yet, with the current array of methodologies, species richness is still largely underestimated and high-resolution distribution patterns remain unknown. A novel, cost-effective and rapid alternative to morphological or genetic approaches is the identification of species by proteomic fingerprinting based on matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). The present study aims to demonstrate the applicability of proteomic fingerprinting for large-scale identification and quantification of the pelagic copepod family Spinocalanidae. Therefore, MALDI-TOF MS was applied to discriminate, identify and quantify adult and juvenile planktonic copepods of the ecologically important deep-sea copepod family Spinocalanidae from stratified depth samples (0–1000 m) at two stations in the eastern tropical Atlantic. Spectral peak data from 1178 spinocalanid specimens of all developmental stages were compared with a reference library of previous proteomic fingerprints of genetically and morphologically identified spinocalanid species. A comparison with the library yielded 25 valid species clusters, which were used to create fine-scale vertical distribution profiles with a high species and stage resolution. Further, we were able to show vertical habitat partitioning among cryptic species and developmental stages, which has major consequences for our understanding of niche partitioning of the mesopelagic realm. Thus, proteomic fingerprinting holds great potential in accelerating and improving community analysis, providing a powerful tool to obtain new insights into biodiversity processes, phylogeographic patterns and mechanisms of vertical distribution.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 3
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    Copepod distribution and biodiversity patterns from the surface to the deep sea along a latitudinal transect in the eastern Atlantic Ocean (24°N to 21°S) (2018)
    In:  EPIC3Progress in Oceanography, 161, pp. 66-77, ISSN: 00796611
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-18
    Description: Vertical distribution, community structure and diversity of calanoid copepods were studied at six stations along a latitudinal transect from 24°N to 21°S in the eastern Atlantic Ocean, resolving nine discrete depth layers to 2000 m. Total copepod abundances integrated from 0 to 2000 m ranged from 148,000 to 197,000 ind m-2. Usually, abundance and biomass were highest in the upper 100 m, exponentially decreasing with increasing depth. Only at the northern- and southernmost stations, a deeper biomass maximum was observed at 100-200 m and 200-400 m, respectively. In total, 26 families, 79 genera and at least 172 species were identified among calanoid copepods. Although there were certain regional differences in species composition between tropical and subtropical stations from north to south, depth had the strongest impact on the community structure of calanoids, resulting in statistically distinct communities in different depth zones. Maximum diversity of calanoids was observed between 100-200 m in the tropical zone and between 400-700 m in subtropical regions. Various interacting mechanisms such as vast spatial extent of the ecosystem, physical stability, avoidance from predators under dim light, small population sizes and high biologically generated heterogeneity possibly contribute to the biodiversity maxima in the twilight zone.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 4
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    Unravelling diversity of deep-sea copepods using integrated morphological and molecular techniques (2017)
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Plankton Research, pp. 1-18, ISSN: 0142-7873
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-08-23
    Description: Accurate species identification is crucial for ecological studies. For copepods, this is usually based on a few diagnostic morphological characters, which can be highly conserved, resulting in an underestimation of species diversity in many copepod families. We elucidate species richness in the morphologically challenging and ecologically important deep-sea copepod family Spinocalanidae in the tropical Atlantic by applying an integrated taxonomic approach combining morphology, DNA-sequence analyses and proteomic fingerprinting. In total, 28 morphospecies could be discriminated, while 39 putative species were detected using DNA-sequence analyses and 42 using proteomic fingerprinting. This outcome verifies proteomic fingerprinting to simplify and accelerate future biodiversity studies of copepods with high taxonomic resolution. Our findings demonstrate the power of this integrated morphological and molecular taxonomic approach by revealing high numbers of cryptic or pseudocryptic species and thus uncovering the incompleteness of taxonomic guides for this group in the poorly explored mesopelagic realm. Furthermore, our analyses reveal a close relationship of Mospicalanus and Spinocalanus group A and indicate that the genus Spinocalanus may be polyphyletic. The underestimated species diversity suggests complex ecological interactions in terms of predator–prey relationships, interspecific competition and species-specific specializations in the vast, but under-studied mesopelagic realm.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 5
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    Effects of a Submesoscale Oceanographic Filament on Zooplankton Dynamics in the Arctic Marginal Ice Zone (2021)
    In:  EPIC3frontiers in Marine Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-09-06
    Description: Submesoscale structures, characterized by intense vertical and horizontal velocities, potentially play a crucial role in oceanographic dynamics and pelagic fluxes. Due to their small spatial scale and short temporal persistence, conditions for in situ measurements are challenging and thus the role of such structures for zooplankton distribution is still unclear. During RV Polarstern expedition PS107 to Arctic Fram Strait in July/August 2017, a submesoscale filament was detected, which initiated an ad hoc oceanographic and biological sampling campaign. To determine zooplankton taxonomic composition, horizontal and vertical distribution, abundance and biomass, vertical MultiNet hauls (depth intervals: 300–200–100–50–10–0 m) were taken at four stations across the filament. Zooplankton data were evaluated in context with the physical-oceanographic observations of the filament to assess submesoscale physical-biological interactions. Our data show that submesoscale features considerably impact zooplankton dynamics. While structuring the pelagial with distinct zooplankton communities in a vertical as well as horizontal dimension, they accumulate abundance and biomass of epipelagic species at the site of convergence. Further, high-velocity jets associated with such dynamics are possibly of major importance for species allocation and biological connectivity, accelerating for instance processes such as the ‘Atlantification’ of the Arctic. Thus, submesoscale features affect the surrounding ecosystem in multiple ways with consequences for higher trophic levels and biogeochemical cycles.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 6
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    Tolerant but facing increased competition: Arctic zooplankton versus Atlantic invaders in a warming ocean (2022)
    In:  EPIC3Frontiers in Marine Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-16
    Description: The Arctic Ocean is rapidly changing. Air temperature is rising two to four times faster in the Arctic than the global average, with dramatic consequences for the ecosystems. Polar zooplankton species have to cope with those increasing temperatures, whilst simultaneously facing increasing competition by boreal-Atlantic sister species advected into the Arctic Ocean via a stronger Atlantic inflow. To assess the sensitivity of Arctic and Atlantic zooplankton to rising temperatures, respiration rates of dominant Arctic species (Calanus hyperboreus, Calanus glacialis, Paraeuchaeta glacialis, Themisto libellula) and their co-occurring Atlantic congeners (Calanus finmarchicus, Paraeuchaeta norvegica, Themisto abyssorum) were measured at ambient temperatures and simulated conditions of ocean warming from 0 to 10°C during three expeditions with RV Polarstern to the Arctic Fram Strait. Arctic zooplankton showed only slowly increasing respiration rates with increasing temperatures, also indicated by low Q10 ratios. In contrast, boreal-Atlantic representatives responded to higher temperatures by a rapid and steeper increase in their respiration rates (higher Q10), suggesting higher metabolic activity. These results imply that Arctic species are physiologically more tolerant to ocean warming than expected but might be outcompeted by their Atlantic congeners beyond a certain temperature threshold in areas of strong distribution overlap. Thus, the ‘Atlantification’ of the Arctic zooplankton community seems to be driven rather by ecological interactions than by physiological limitations. Changes in zooplankton community composition and biodiversity will have major consequences for trophodynamics and energy flux in Arctic ecosystems, since polar species tend to be larger than their southern counterparts and have a higher lipid content, providing more energy-rich food for higher trophic levels.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 7
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    Proteomic fingerprinting enables quantitative biodiversity assessments of species and ontogenetic stages in Calanus congeners (Copepoda, Crustacea) from the Arctic Ocean (2023)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Molecular Ecology Resources, Wiley, 23(2), pp. 382-395, ISSN: 1755-098X
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-10-23
    Description: Species identification is pivotal in biodiversity assessments and proteomic fingerprinting by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry has already been shown to reliably identify calanoid copepods to species level. However, MALDI-TOF data may contain more information beyond mere species identification. In this study, we investigated different ontogenetic stages (copepodids C1–C6 females) of three co-occurring Calanus species from the Arctic Fram Strait, which cannot be identified to species level based on morphological characters alone. Differentiation of the three species based on mass spectrometry data was without any error. In addition, a clear stage-specific signal was detected in all species, supported by clustering approaches as well as machine learning using Random Forest. More complex mass spectra in later ontogenetic stages as well as relative intensities of certain mass peaks were found as the main drivers of stage distinction in these species. Through a dilution series, we were able to show that this did not result from the higher amount of biomass that was used in tissue processing of the larger stages. Finally, the data were tested in a simulation for application in a real biodiversity assessment by using Random Forest for stage classification of specimens absent from the training data. This resulted in a successful stage-identification rate of almost 90%, making proteomic fingerprinting a promising tool to investigate polewards shifts of Atlantic Calanus species and, in general, to assess stage compositions in biodiversity assessments of Calanoida, which can be notoriously difficult using conventional identification methods.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , peerRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 8
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    Abundance and distribution of planktonic Copepoda during POLARSTERN cruise PS81 (ANTXXIX/1) (2018)
    PANGAEA
    In:  University of Bremen, Marine Zoology | Supplement to: Bode, Maya; Hagen, Wilhelm; Cornils, Astrid; Kaiser, Patricia; Auel, Holger (2018): Copepod distribution and biodiversity patterns from the surface to the deep sea along a latitudinal transect in the eastern Atlantic Ocean (24°N to 21°S). Progress in Oceanography, 161, 66-77, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2018.01.010
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-05
    Description: Vertical distribution, community structure and diversity of calanoid copepods were studied at six stations along a latitudinal transect from 24°N to 21°S in the eastern Atlantic Ocean, resolving nine discrete depth layers to 2000 m. Total copepod abundances integrated from 0-2000 m ranged from 148,000 to 197,000 ind m-2. Usually, abundance and biomass were highest in the upper 100 m, exponentially decreasing with increasing depth. Only at the northern and southernmost stations, a deeper biomass maximum was observed at 100-200 m and 200-400 m, respectively. In total, 26 families, 79 genera and at least 172 species were identified among calanoid copepods. Although there were certain regional differences in species composition between tropical and subtropical stations from north to south, depth had the strongest impact on the community structure of calanoids, resulting in statistically distinct communities in different depth zones. Maximum diversity of calanoids was observed between 100-200 m in the tropical zone and between 400-700 m in subtropical regions. Various interacting mechanisms such as vast spatial extent of the ecosystem, physical stability, avoidance from predators under dim light, small population sizes and high biologically generated heterogeneity possibly contribute to the biodiversity maxima in the twilight zone.
    Keywords: Acartia spp.; Acrocalanus spp.; Aetideidae, copepodites; Aetideopsis carinata; Aetideopsis rostrata; Aetideopsis sp.; Aetideus acutus; Aetideus arcuatus; Aetideus armatus; Aetideus bradyi; Aetideus giesbrechti; Amallothrix spp.; ANT-XXIX/1; Arietellus spp.; Augaptilidae; Augaptilus longicaudatus; Augaptilus megalurus; Augaptilus spp.; Brodskius cf. paululus; Calanidae, copepodites; Calanoida, copepodites; Calanoida, total; Calanoides natalis; Calanus sp.; Calocalanus spp.; Canarias Sea; Candacia spp.; Centraugaptilus sp.; Centropages bradyi; Cephalophanes spp.; Chiridiella smoki; Chiridiella sp.; Chiridius spp.; Chirundina streetsii; Clausocalanus spp.; Comment; Counting, copepoda; Ctenocalanus vanus; Date/Time of event; Delibus cf. nudus; Depth, bottom/max; Depth, top/min; DEPTH, water; Disco spp.; Disseta palumbii; Elevation of event; Euaugaptilus spp.; Eucalanus hyalinus; Euchaeta acuta; Euchaeta marina; Euchaeta media; Euchaeta paraconcinna; Euchaeta spp.; Euchaetidae, copepodites; Euchirella amoena; Euchirella curticauda; Euchirella pulchra; Euchirella rostrata; Euchirella splendens; Euchirella spp.; Event label; Falsilandrumius sp.; Farrania spp.; Gaetanus armiger; Gaetanus brevicornis; Gaetanus brevispinus; Gaetanus kruppii; Gaetanus latifrons; Gaetanus miles; Gaetanus minor; Gaetanus pileatus; Gaetanus spp.; Gaetanus tenuispinus; Gaussia princeps; Haloptilus acutifrons; Haloptilus austini; Haloptilus fons; Haloptilus mucronatus; Haloptilus oxycephalus; Haloptilus plumosus; Haloptilus spiniceps; Haloptilus spp.; Hemirhabdus sp.; Heteramalla sarsi; Heterorhabdus spinifrons; Heterorhabdus spp.; Heterostylites major; Labidocera spp.; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; Lophothrix frontalis; Lophothrix humilifrons; Lophothrix latipes; Lophothrix quadrispinosa; Lophothrix similis; Lophothrix spp.; Lucicutia aurita; Lucicutia bicornuta; Lucicutia curta; Lucicutia grandis; Lucicutia lucida; Lucicutia macrocera; Lucicutia magna; Lucicutia spp.; Lucicutia wolfendeni; Mecynocera clausi; Megacalanus princeps; Mesocalanus tenuicornis; Metridia brevicauda; Metridia curticauda; Metridia discreta; Metridia effusa; Metridia lucens; Metridia princeps; Metridia spp., copepodites; Metridia venusta; Microcalanus spp.; Mimocalanus spp.; Monacilla tenera; Monacilla typica; Mospicalanus sp.; MSN; Multiple opening/closing net; Nannocalanus minor; Neocalanus gracilis; Neocalanus robustior; Nullosetigera bidentata; Nullosetigera helgae; Nullosetigera impar; Nullosetigera mutica; Nullosetigera spp.; Oithonidae; Oncaeidae; Onchocalanus sp.; Paracalanus spp.; Paraeuchaeta aequatorialis; Paraeuchaeta gracilis; Paraeuchaeta sp.; Paraeuchaeta spp.; Paraheterorhabdus cf. compactus; Paraugaptilus sp.; Pareucalanus cf. sewelli; Phaenna spinifera; Phaennidae; Pleuromamma abdominalis; Pleuromamma borealis; Pleuromamma quadrungulata; Pleuromamma robusta; Pleuromamma spp.; Pleuromamma xiphias; Polarstern; Pontellina spp.; PS81; PS81/005-6; PS81/008-6; PS81/009-4; PS81/010-3; PS81/014-4; PS81/017-7; Pseudhaloptilus sp.; Pseudoamallothrix spp.; Pseudochirella sp.; Rhincalanus cornutus; Rhincalanus nasutus; Scaphocalanus spp.; Scolecithricella maritima; Scolecithricella spp.; Scolecithricella vittata; Scolecithrix bradyi; Scolecithrix danae; Scolecitrichidae; Scolecitrichopsis ctenopus; Scolecitrichopsis sp.; Scolecitrichopsis tenuipes; Scottocalanus helenae; Scottocalanus persecans; Scottocalanus securifrons; South Atlantic Ocean; Spinocalanus spp.; Subeucalanus mucronatus; Subeucalanus spp.; Subeucalanus subtenuis; Temora stylifera; Temorites brevis; Temorites elongata; Temorites minor; Temorites sarsi; Temorites spp.; Temoropia mayumbaensis; Temoropia minor; Teneriforma spp.; Tharybis sp.; Undeuchaeta cf. major; Undinella spp.; Undinula vulgaris; Valdiviella sp.; Volume
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 9412 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
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