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  • 11
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: © The Author(s), 2015. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Environmental Research Letters 10 (2015): 074010, doi:10.1088/1748-9326/10/7/074010.
    Description: Spatially extensive and persistent drought episodes have repeatedly influenced human history, including the 'Strange Parallels' drought event in monsoon Asia during the mid-18th century. Here we explore the dynamics of sustained monsoon failure using observed and tree-ring reconstructed drought patterns and a 1300-year pre-industrial community earth system model control run. Both modern observational and climate model drought patterns during years with extremely weakened South Asian monsoon resemble those reconstructed for the Strange Parallels drought. Model analysis reveals that this pattern arises during boreal spring over Southeast Asia, with decreased precipitation and moisture flux, while related summertime climate anomalies are confined to the Indian subcontinent. Years with simulated South Asian drying exhibit canonical El Niño conditions over the Pacific and associated shifts in the Walker circulation. In contrast, multi-year drought periods, resembling those sustained during the Strange Parallels drought, feature anomalous Pacific warming around the dateline, typical of El Niño Modoki events.
    Description: This work was performed with support and funding from the Significant Opportunities in Atmospheric Research and Sciences Program (NSF AGS-1120459), WHOI Academic Programs Office Funds, and NSF AGS-1338734, AGS-1203704, and AGS-1304245.
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © Arizona Board of Regents, 2014. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Radiocarbon 56, no. 4 (2014): S61-S68, doi:10.2458/azu_rc.56.18321.
    Description: Also published in Tree-Ring Research, 70. no. 3 (2014): S61-S68, doi:10.3959/1536-1098-70.3.61
    Description: Dendroclimatology in the Eastern Mediterranean (EM) region has made important contributions to the understanding of climate variability on timescales of decades to centuries. These contributions, beginning in the mid-20th century, have value for resource management, archaeology, and climatology. A gradually expanding tree-ring network developed by the first author over the past 15 years has been the framework for some of the most important recent advances in EM dendroclimatology. The network, now consisting of 79 sites, has been widely applied in large-scale climatic reconstruction and in helping to identify drivers of climatic variation on regional to global spatial scales. This article reviews EM dendroclimatology and highlights contributions on the national and international scale.
    Description: Funding was provided by the US National Science Foundation (NSF) under grants from the Earth System History (ESH) and Paleo Perspectives on Climate Change (P2C2) programs, AGS- 0075956, AGS-0758486, and AGS-1103314.
    Keywords: Dendroclimatology ; Eastern Mediterranean ; Tree-ring growth ; Reconstruction ; Drought
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2014. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Geophysical Research Letters 41 (2014): 9017–9023, doi:10.1002/2014GL062433.
    Description: For the past three years (2012–2014), California has experienced the most severe drought conditions in its last century. But how unusual is this event? Here we use two paleoclimate reconstructions of drought and precipitation for Central and Southern California to place this current event in the context of the last millennium. We demonstrate that while 3 year periods of persistent below-average soil moisture are not uncommon, the current event is the most severe drought in the last 1200 years, with single year (2014) and accumulated moisture deficits worse than any previous continuous span of dry years. Tree ring chronologies extended through the 2014 growing season reveal that precipitation during the drought has been anomalously low but not outside the range of natural variability. The current California drought is exceptionally severe in the context of at least the last millennium and is driven by reduced though not unprecedented precipitation and record high temperatures.
    Description: D. G. was supported by a NOAA Climate and Global Change Postdoctoral Fellowship. Both authors also acknowledge the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Academic Program Office for support of this research.
    Description: 2015-06-30
    Keywords: Drought ; Tree rings ; Paleoclimate
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2017. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Environmental Research Letters 12 (2017): 114012, doi:10.1088/1748-9326/aa8f1b.
    Description: Our knowledge of climate variability in the densely populated Northeastern United States is limited to instrumental data of the last century. Most regional paleoclimate proxies reflect a mix of climate responses, which makes reconstructing historical climate a challenge. Here we analyze tree-ring chronologies from Atlantic white cedar (Chamaecyparis thyoides) as a potential regional paleotemperature proxy. We evaluate our tree-ring network for spatiotemporal climate signal strength and reconstruction skill across New England. Atlantic white cedar sites in the northern section of the species' range exhibit positive significant annual growth relationships with local and regional temperatures. Chronologies constructed from northern sites yield skillful reconstructions of temperature that reproduce centennial, multidecadal, and interannual variability in the instrumental record, providing a novel paleotemperature record for New England.
    Description: This research is funded by the US National Science Foundation Paleo Perspectives on Climate Change program (P2C2; AGS-1304262).
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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