Note: Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- Editors -- Contributors -- Chapter 1: Introduction to Porous Polymers -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Types of Porous Polymers -- 1.3 Synthetic Methods for Porous Polymer Network -- 1.4 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 2: Hyper-crosslinked Polymers -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.1.1 Overview -- 2.1.2 Porous Polymer -- 2.1.3 Crosslinking -- 2.2 Hyper-crosslinked Polymers -- 2.3 Synthesis Methods of HCPs -- 2.3.1 Post-crosslinking Polymer Precursors -- 2.3.2 Direct One-Step Polycondensation -- 2.3.3 Knitting Rigid Aromatic Building Blocks by External Crosslinkers -- 2.4 Structure and Morphology of HCPs -- 2.4.1 Nanoparticles -- 2.4.2 Hollow Capsules -- 2.4.3 2D Membranes -- 2.4.4 Monoliths -- 2.5 HCPs Properties -- 2.5.1 Polymer Surface -- 2.5.1.1 Hydrophilicity -- 2.5.1.2 Hydrophobicity -- 2.5.1.3 Amphiphilicity -- 2.5.2 Porosity and Surface Area -- 2.5.3 Swelling Behavior -- 2.5.4 Thermomechanical Properties -- 2.6 Functionalization of HCPs -- 2.7 Characterization of HCPs -- 2.7.1 Compositional and Structural Characterization -- 2.7.2 Morphological Characterization -- 2.7.3 Porosity and Surface Area Analysis -- 2.7.4 Other Analysis -- 2.8 Applications -- 2.8.1 Storage Capacity -- 2.8.1.1 Storage of Hydrogen -- 2.8.1.2 Storage of Methane -- 2.8.1.3 CO 2 Capture -- 2.8.2 Environmental Remediation -- 2.8.3 Heterogeneous Catalysis -- 2.8.4 Drug Delivery -- 2.8.5 Sensing -- 2.8.6 Other Applications -- 2.9 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3: Porous Ionic Polymers -- 3.1 Introduction: A Distinctive Feature of the Porous Structure of Ionic Polymers -- 3.2 Ionic Polymers in Dry State -- 3.3 Ionic Polymers in Swollen State: Hsu-Gierke Model -- 3.4 Modifications of Hsu-Gierke Model: Hydration of Ion Exchange Polymers. , 3.5 Methods for Research of Porous Structure of Ionic Polymers -- 3.5.1 Nitrogen Adsorption-Desorption -- 3.5.2 Mercury Intrusion -- 3.5.3 Adsorption-Desorption of Water Vapor -- 3.5.4 Differential Scanning Calorimetry -- 3.5.5 Standard Contact Porosimetry -- 3.6 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 4: Analysis of Qualitative and Quantitative Criteria of Porous Plastics -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Sorting of Porous Polymers -- 4.2.1 Macroporous Polymers -- 4.2.2 Microporous Polymers -- 4.2.3 Mesoporous Polymers -- 4.3 Methodology -- 4.3.1 AHP Analysis -- 4.4 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 5: Novel Research on Porous Polymers Using High Pressure Technology -- 5.1 Background -- 5.2 Porous Polymers Based on Natural Polysaccharides -- 5.3 Parameters Involved in the Porous Polymers Processing by High Pressure -- 5.4 Supercritical Fluid Drying for Porous Polymers Processing -- 5.5 Porous Polymers for Foaming and Scaffolds by Supercritical Technology -- 5.6 Supercritical CO 2 Impregnation in Porous Polymers for Food Packaging -- 5.7 Synthesis of Porous Polymers by Supercritical Emulsion Templating -- 5.8 Porous Polymers as Supports for Catalysts Materials by Supercritical Fluid -- 5.9 Porous Metal-Organic Frameworks Polymers by Supercritical Fluid Processing -- 5.10 Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 6: Porous Polymer for Heterogeneous Catalysis -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Stability and Functionalization of POPs -- 6.3 Strategies for Synthesizing POP Catalyst -- 6.3.1 Co-polymerization -- 6.3.1.1 Acidic and Basic Groups -- 6.3.1.2 Ionic Groups -- 6.3.1.3 Ligand Groups -- 6.3.1.4 Chiral Groups -- 6.3.1.5 Porphyrin Group -- 6.3.2 Self-polymerization -- 6.3.2.1 Organic Ligand Groups -- 6.3.2.2 Organocatalyst Groups -- 6.3.2.3 Ionic Groups -- 6.3.2.4 Chiral Ligand Groups -- 6.3.2.5 Porphyrin Groups. , 6.4 Applications of Various Porous Polymers -- 6.4.1 CO 2 Capture and Utilization -- 6.4.1.1 Ionic Liquid/Zn-PPh 3 Integrated POP -- 6.4.1.1.1 Mechanism of the Cycloaddition Reaction -- 6.4.1.2 Triphenylphosphine-based POP -- 6.4.2 Energy Storage -- 6.4.3 Heterogeneous Catalysis -- 6.4.3.1 Cu(II) Complex on Pyridine-based POP for Nitroarene Reduction -- 6.4.3.2 POP-supported Rhodium for Hydroformylation of Olefins -- 6.4.3.3 Ni(II)-metallated POP for Suzuki-Miyaura Crosscoupling Reaction -- 6.4.3.4 Ru-loaded POP for Decomposition of Formic Acid to H 2 -- 6.4.3.5 Porphyrin-based POP to Support Mn Heterogeneous Catalysts for Selective Oxidation of Alcohols -- 6.4.3.5.1 Mechanism of the Oxidation of Alcohols by TFP-DPMs -- 6.4.4 Photocatalysis -- 6.4.4.1 Conjugated Porous Polymer Based on Phenanthrene Units -- 6.4.4.2 (dipyrrin)(bipyridine)ruthenium(II) Visible Light Photocatalyst -- 6.4.4.3 Carbazole-based CMPs for C-3 Functionalization of Indoles -- 6.4.4.3.1 Mechanism of C-3 Formylation of N-methylindole by CMP-CSU6 Polymer Catalyst -- 6.4.4.3.2 The Mechanism for C-3 Thiocyanation of 1H-indole -- 6.4.5 Electrocatalysis -- 6.4.5.1 Redox-active N-containing CPP for Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR) -- References -- Chapter 7: Triazine Porous Frameworks -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Synthetic Procedures of CTFs and Their Structural Designs -- 7.2.1 Ionothermal Trimerization Strategy -- 7.2.2 High Temperature Phosphorus Pentoxide (P 2 O 5)-Catalyzed Method -- 7.2.3 Amidine-based Polycondensation Methods -- 7.2.4 Superacid Catalyzed Method -- 7.2.5 Friedel-Crafts Reaction Method -- 7.3 Applications of CTFs -- 7.3.1 Adsorption and Separation -- 7.3.1.1 CO 2 Capture and Separation -- 7.3.1.2 The Removal of Pollutants -- 7.3.2 Heterogeneous Catalysis -- 7.3.3 Applications for Energy Storage and Conversion -- 7.3.3.1 Metal-Ion Batteries -- 7.3.3.2 Supercapacitors. , 7.3.4 Electrocatalysis -- 7.3.5 Photocatalysis -- 7.3.6 Other Applications of CTFs -- References -- Chapter 8: Advanced Separation Applications of Porous Polymers -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Advanced Separation Applications -- 8.3 Separation through Adsorption -- 8.4 Water Treatment -- 8.5 Conclusion -- Abbreviations -- References -- Chapter 9: Porous Polymers for Membrane Applications -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Introduction to Synthesis of Porous Polymeric Particles -- 9.3 Preparation of Porous Polymeric Membrane -- 9.4 Morphology of Membrane and Its Parameters -- 9.5 Emerging Applications of Porous Polymer Membranes -- 9.6 Polysulfone and Polyvinylidene Fluoride Used as Porous Polymers for Membrane Application -- 9.6.1 Polysulfone Membranes -- 9.6.2 Polyvinylidene Fluoride Membranes -- 9.7 Use of Porous Polymeric Membranes for Sensing Application -- 9.8 Use of Porous Polymeric Electrolytic Membranes Application -- 9.9 Use of Porous Polymeric Membrane for Numerical Modeling and Optimization -- 9.10 Use of Porous Polymers for Biomedical Application -- 9.11 Use of Porous Polymeric Membrane in Tissue Engineering -- 9.12 Use of Porous Polymeric Membrane in Wastewater Treatment -- 9.13 Use of Porous Polymeric Membrane for Dye Rejection Application -- 9.14 Porous Polymeric Membrane Antifouling Application -- 9.15 Porous Polymeric Membrane Used for Fuel Cell Application -- 9.16 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 10: Porous Polymers in Solar Cells -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.1.1 Si-based Solar Cells -- 10.1.2 Thin-film Solar Cells -- 10.1.3 Organic Solar Cells -- 10.2 Porous Polymers in DSSCs -- 10.2.1 Porous Polymers in Electrodes -- 10.2.2 Porous Polymer as a Counter Electrode -- 10.2.3 Porous Polymers in TiO 2 Photoanode -- 10.2.4 Porous Polymers in Electrolyte -- 10.2.5 Porous Polymer as Energy Conversion Film. , 10.2.5.1 Polyvinylidene Fluoride-co-Hexafluoropropylene (PVDF-HFP) Membranes -- 10.2.5.2 Pyridine-based CMPs Aerogels (PCMPAs) -- 10.2.6 Porous Polymers in Coating of Solar Cell -- 10.2.7 Porous Polymers as Photocatalyst or Electrocatalyst -- 10.3 Perovskite Solar Cells -- 10.3.1 Porous Polymers in Electron Transport Layers -- 10.3.2 Porous Polymers in Hole Transport Layers -- 10.3.3 Porous Polymer as Energy Conversion Film -- 10.3.4 Porous Polymers as Interlayers -- 10.3.5 Porous Polymers in Morphology Regulations -- 10.4 Porous Polymers in Silicon Solar Cell -- 10.5 Miscellaneous -- 10.5.1 Porous Polymers in Solar Evaporators -- 10.5.2 Charge Separation Systems in Solar Cells -- 10.5.3 Porous Polymers in ZnO Photoanode -- 10.6 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 11: Porous Polymers for Hydrogen Production -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.1.1 Approaches Utilized for the Generation of Porous Polymers (PPs) -- 11.1.1.1 Infiltration -- 11.1.1.2 Layer-by-Layer Assembly (LbL) -- 11.1.1.3 Conventional Polymerization -- 11.1.1.4 Electrochemical Polymerization -- 11.1.1.5 Controlled/Living Polymerization (CLP) -- 11.1.1.6 Macromolecular Design -- 11.1.1.7 Self-assembly -- 11.1.1.8 Phase Separation -- 11.1.1.9 Solid and Liquid Templating -- 11.1.1.10 Foaming -- 11.2 Various Porous Polymers for H 2 Production -- 11.2.1 Photocatalysts Based on Conjugated Microporous Polymers -- 11.2.2 Conjugated Microporous Polymers -- 11.2.3 Porous Conjugated Polymer (PCP) -- 11.2.4 Membrane Reactor -- 11.2.5 Paper-Structured Catalyst with Porous Fiber-Network Microstructure -- 11.2.6 Porous Organic Polymers (POPs) -- 11.2.7 PEM Water Electrolysis -- 11.2.8 Microporous Inorganic Membranes -- 11.2.9 Hybrid Porous Solids for Hydrogen Evolution -- 11.3 Other Alternatives for Hydrogen Production -- 11.3.1 Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) -- 11.3.2 Covalent Organic Frameworks. , 11.3.3 Photochemical Device.

Note: Intro -- Foreword -- Contents -- About the Editors -- Chapter 1: Analytical Methods for the Determination of Heavy Metals in Water -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Total Concentration and Speciation Analysis -- 1.3 Health and Legislation -- 1.4 Sample Preparation for Elemental Analysis of Heavy Metals -- 1.4.1 Solid-Phase Extraction -- 1.4.1.1 Classic Solid-Phase Extraction -- 1.4.1.1.1 Modern Sorbents for Classic Solid-Phase Extraction -- 1.4.1.1.2 Micro Solid-Phase Extraction -- 1.4.1.2 Dispersive Solid-Phase Extraction -- 1.4.1.2.1 Dispersion Techniques -- 1.4.1.2.2 Modern Sorbents for Dispersive Solid-Phase Extraction and Dispersive Micro-Solid Phase Extraction -- Nanostructured Materials -- Hybrid Materials -- 1.4.1.3 Magnetic Solid-Phase Extraction -- 1.4.1.3.1 Advanced Magnetic Sorbents -- 1.4.2 Liquid-Liquid Extraction -- 1.4.2.1 Modern Solvents Used in Liquid-Liquid Extraction -- 1.4.2.1.1 Non-ionic or Zwitterionic Surfactants -- 1.4.2.1.2 Ionic Liquids -- 1.4.2.1.3 Deep Eutectic Solvents -- 1.4.2.2 Novel Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Techniques -- 1.4.2.2.1 Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Techniques -- 1.4.2.2.2 In-Situ Phase Separation Techniques -- 1.4.2.2.3 Cloud Point Extraction -- 1.4.2.2.4 Non-dispersive Microextraction Techniques -- 1.4.2.3 Liquid-Liquid Extraction in Flow Analysis -- 1.5 Analytical Techniques for Heavy Metal Detection -- 1.5.1 Spectroscopic Techniques -- 1.5.1.1 Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy -- 1.5.1.2 Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry -- 1.5.1.3 Atomic Emission Spectrometry -- 1.5.1.4 Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry -- 1.5.1.4.1 Single Particle Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry -- 1.5.1.5 Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy -- 1.5.1.6 X-Ray Fluorescence -- 1.5.1.7 UV-Vis Spectrophotometry -- 1.5.2 Electrochemical Techniques -- 1.5.2.1 Potentiostatic Techniques. , 1.5.2.1.1 Amperometry -- 1.5.2.1.2 Chronocoulometry -- 1.5.2.1.3 Voltammetric Techniques -- 1.5.2.2 Galvanostatic Stripping Chronopotentiometry -- 1.5.2.3 Electrochemiluminescence -- 1.5.3 Other Methods -- 1.5.3.1 Ion Chromatography -- 1.5.3.2 Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy -- 1.5.3.3 Bio Methods -- 1.6 Conclusions and Future Perspectives -- References -- Chapter 2: Olive-Oil Waste for the Removal of Heavy Metals from Wastewater -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Olive Tree Pruning as Biosorbent of Heavy Metals from Aqueous Solutions -- 2.2.1 Characterization -- 2.2.2 Biosorption Tests -- 2.3 Olive Stone as Biosorbent of Heavy Metals from Aqueous Solutions -- 2.3.1 Characterization -- 2.3.2 Biosorption Tests -- 2.4 Olive Pomace and Olive-Cake as Biosorbents of Heavy Metals from Aqueous Solutions -- 2.4.1 Characterization -- 2.4.2 Biosorption Tests -- 2.5 Other Valorization Opportunities for Olive-Oil Waste -- 2.6 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 3: Metal Oxide Composites for Heavy Metal Ions Removal -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Issues in Environmental Remediation -- 3.3 Different Types of Magnetic Sorbents -- 3.3.1 Iron Oxide Modified Nanoparticle -- 3.3.2 Zeolite -- 3.3.3 Silica -- 3.3.4 Polymer Functionalization -- 3.3.5 Chitosan and Alginate -- 3.3.6 Activated Carbon -- 3.3.7 Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) and Graphene -- 3.3.8 Agricultural Wastes -- 3.4 Case Studies -- 3.4.1 Characterization -- 3.4.2 Factors Affecting Sorption Processes -- 3.4.3 Agro-Based Magnetic Biosorbents Recovery and Reusability -- 3.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4: Two-Dimensional Materials for Heavy Metal Removal -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Heavy Metal Ions Removal Mechanism -- 4.2.1 Surface Complexation -- 4.2.2 Van der Waals Interaction -- 4.2.3 Ion Exchange -- 4.3 Different Types of Two-Dimensional Material for Heavy Metal Removal. , 4.3.1 Graphene-Based Two-Dimensional Materials -- 4.3.1.1 Structure -- 4.3.1.2 Graphene-Based Materials for Heavy Metal Removal -- 4.3.2 Dichalcogenides -- 4.3.2.1 Structure -- 4.3.2.2 Molybdenum Disulfide for Heavy Metal Removal -- 4.3.3 MXenes -- 4.3.3.1 Structure -- 4.3.3.2 MXenes for Heavy Metal Removal -- 4.3.4 Clay Minerals -- 4.3.4.1 Structure -- 4.3.4.2 Clay Mineral for Heavy Metal Removal -- 4.3.5 Layered Double Hydroxides -- 4.3.5.1 Structure -- 4.3.5.2 Layered Double Hydroxides for Heavy Metal Removal -- 4.3.6 Layered Zeolites -- 4.3.6.1 Structure -- 4.3.6.2 Layered Zeolites for Heavy Metal Removal -- 4.3.7 Other Two-Dimensional Materials -- 4.4 Heavy Metal Removal Other than Adsorption -- 4.5 Conclusions and Perspectives -- Appendix: List of Two-Dimensional Materials that Mentioned in this Chapter for Heavy Metal Removal and their Removal Capacities -- References -- Chapter 5: Membranes for Heavy Metals Removal -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Electrodialysis -- 5.2.1 Electrodialysis Applied to Metal Removal -- 5.2.2 Principle -- 5.2.3 Evaluation and Control Parameters -- 5.2.4 Use in Electroplating Industry -- 5.2.4.1 Zinc -- 5.2.4.2 Chromium -- 5.2.4.3 Copper -- 5.2.4.4 Nickel -- 5.2.5 Use in Mining and Mineral Processing Industry -- 5.2.6 Final Considerations -- References -- Chapter 6: Metal Oxides for Removal of Heavy Metal Ions -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Adsorption Methods -- 6.3 Metal Oxides for the Removal of Heavy Metal Ions from Water -- 6.3.1 Titanium Dioxide -- 6.3.2 Manganese Dioxide -- 6.3.3 Iron Oxide -- 6.3.4 Aluminum Oxide -- 6.3.5 Binary Metal Oxides -- 6.4 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 7: Organic-Inorganic Ion Exchange Materials for Heavy Metal Removal from Water -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Ion Exchange Process -- 7.3 Ion Exchange Materials -- 7.3.1 Inorganic Ion Exchangers -- 7.3.2 Organic Ion Exchangers. , 7.4 Heavy Metal Removal with Ion Exchange Materials -- 7.4.1 Lead (II) Removal from Wastewater with Organic-Inorganic Ion Exchangers -- 7.4.2 Mercury (II) Removal from Waste Water with Organic-Inorganic Ion Exchangers -- 7.4.3 Cadmium (II) Removal from Wastewater with Organic-Inorganic Ion Exchangers -- 7.4.4 Nickel (II) Removal from Wastewater with Organic-Inorganic Ion Exchangers -- 7.4.5 Chromium (III, VI) Removal from Wastewater with Organic-Inorganic Ion Exchangers -- 7.4.6 Copper (II) Removal from Wastewater with Organic-Inorganic Ion Exchangers -- 7.4.7 Zinc (II) Removal from Wastewater with Organic-Inorganic Ion Exchangers -- 7.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 8: Low-Cost Technology for Heavy Metal Cleaning from Water -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Sources and Impact -- 8.3 Different Routes of Contamination -- 8.4 Conventional Water Treatment Methods -- 8.4.1 Preliminary Treatment -- 8.4.2 Secondary Water Treatment -- 8.4.3 Tertiary Water Treatment -- 8.4.4 Membrane Filtration -- 8.5 Advanced Technology for Heavy Metal Ion Removal -- 8.5.1 Nano-Adsorption -- 8.5.2 Molecularly-Imprinted Polymers -- 8.5.3 Layered Double Hydroxides (LDH) and Covalent-Organic Framework (COF) -- 8.5.4 Emerging Membrane Technologies -- 8.6 Low-Cost and Biotechnological Approaches -- 8.6.1 Biosorption -- 8.6.2 Microbial Remediation -- 8.6.3 Biotechnological Strategies -- 8.7 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 9: Use of Nanomaterials for Heavy Metal Remediation -- 9.1 General Introduction -- 9.2 Heavy Metals in the Environment -- 9.2.1 Characteristics of Selected Heavy Metals -- 9.3 Wastewater Treatment -- 9.4 Nanomaterials -- 9.4.1 Clay Minerals -- 9.4.2 Layered Double Hydroxide and Their Mixed-Oxides Counterparts -- 9.4.3 Zeolites -- 9.4.4 Two-dimensional Early Transition Metal Carbides and Carbonitrides -- 9.4.5 Metal Based Nanoparticles. , 9.4.5.1 Zero-valent Metals -- 9.4.5.2 Metal Oxides -- 9.4.6 Carbon-based Materials -- 9.4.6.1 Carbon Nanotubes -- 9.4.6.2 Fullerenes -- 9.4.6.3 Graphene -- 9.4.6.4 Graphene Oxide -- 9.4.6.5 Reduced Graphene Oxide -- 9.4.6.6 Graphitic Carbon Nitride -- 9.4.7 Metal Organic Frameworks -- 9.5 Disadvantages of Using Nanomaterials -- 9.6 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 10: Ecoengineered Approaches for the Remediation of Polluted River Ecosystems -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Occurrence of Pollutants, Emerging Contaminants and Their Riverine Fates -- 10.3 Hazardous Effects of Water Contaminants on Aquatic and Terrestrial Biota -- 10.4 Historic Concepts of River Bioremediation -- 10.5 Physico-chemical River Remediation Methods -- 10.6 Eco-engineered River Water Remediation Technologies -- 10.6.1 Plant Based River Remediation Systems -- 10.6.1.1 Constructed Wetlands -- 10.6.1.2 Ecological Floating Wetlands, Beds and Islands -- 10.6.1.3 Eco-tanks -- 10.6.1.4 Bio-racks -- 10.6.2 Microorganisms Based River Remediation Systems -- 10.6.2.1 Biofilm Based Eco-engineered Treatment Systems -- 10.6.2.1.1 Bio-filters in River Bioremediation -- 10.6.2.2 Periphyton Based Technologies -- 10.7 In Situ Emerging Integrated Systems for the River Bioremediation -- 10.8 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 11: Ballast Water Definition, Components, Aquatic Invasive Species, Control and Management and Treatment Technologies -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Component of Ballast Water -- 11.3 Aquatic Invasive Species -- 11.4 The International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships Ballast Water and Sediments -- 11.5 IMO Standards for Ballast Water Quality -- 11.6 Management Options of Ballast Water -- 11.7 Ballast Water Treatment Technologies -- 11.7.1 Mechanical Treatment -- 11.7.2 Physical Treatment -- 11.7.2.1 Ultrasound and Cavitation. , 11.7.3 Chemical Treatment.

Note: Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Preface -- Editors -- Contributors -- Chapter 1: Semiconductor Optical Fibers -- Chapter 2: Optical Properties of Semiconducting Materials for Solar Photocatalysis -- Chapter 3: Semiconductor Optical Memory Devices -- Chapter 4: Semiconductor Optical Utilization in Agriculture -- Chapter 5: Nonlinear Optical Properties of Semiconductors, Principles, and Applications -- Chapter 6: Semiconductor Photoresistors -- Chapter 7: Semiconductor Photovoltaic -- Chapter 8: Progress and Challenges of Semiconducting Materials for Solar Photocatalysis -- Chapter 9: Linear Optical Properties of Semiconductors: Principles and Applications -- Chapter 10: Computational Techniques on Optical Properties of Metal-Oxide Semiconductors -- Index.