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  • 2015-2019  (50)
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  • 1
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    Seawater carbonate chemistry and ecosystem calcification, community production of coral reef (2017)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: DeCarlo, Thomas M; Cohen, Anne L; Wong, George T F; Shiah, Fuh Kwo; Lentz, S J; Davis, Kristen A; Shamberger, K E F; Lohmann, Pat (2017): Community production modulates coral reef pH and the sensitivity of ecosystem calcification to ocean acidification. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 122, 745–761, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JC012326
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-15
    Description: Coral reefs are built of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) produced biogenically by a diversity of calcifying plants, animals and microbes. As the ocean warms and acidifies, there is mounting concern that declining calcification rates could shift coral reef CaCO3 budgets from net accretion to net dissolution. We quantified net ecosystem calcification (NEC) and production (NEP) on Dongsha Atoll, northern South China Sea, over a two-week period that included a transient bleaching event. Peak daytime pH on the wide, shallow reef flat during the non-bleaching period was 8.5, significantly elevated above that of the surrounding open ocean (8.0-8.1) as a consequence of daytime NEP (up to 112 mmol C/m**2/h). Diurnal-averaged NEC was 390?+/-?90 mmol CaCO3/m**2/day, higher than any other coral reef studied to date despite comparable calcifier cover (25%) and relatively high fleshy algal cover (19%). Coral bleaching linked to elevated temperatures significantly reduced daytime NEP by 29 mmol C/m**2/h. pH on the reef flat declined by 0.2 units, causing a 40% reduction in NEC in the absence of pH changes in the surrounding open ocean. Our findings highlight the interactive relationship between carbonate chemistry of coral reef ecosystems and ecosystem production and calcification rates, which are in turn impacted by ocean warming. As open-ocean waters bathing coral reefs warm and acidify over the 21st century, the health and composition of reef benthic communities will play a major role in determining on-reef conditions that will in turn dictate the ecosystem response to climate change.
    Keywords: Alkalinity, total; Aragonite saturation state; Benthos; Bicarbonate ion; Calcification/Dissolution; Calcification rate, standard deviation; Calcite saturation state; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbon, net production; Carbonate ion; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Carbon dioxide, air-sea, flux; Coast and continental shelf; Density; DEPTH, water; Dongsha_Atoll; Entire community; EXP; Experiment; Field observation; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Irradiance; Net calcification rate of calcium carbonate; Net community production, carbon dioxide, standard deviation; North Pacific; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); pH; Primary production/Photosynthesis; Rocky-shore community; Salinity; Sampling date; Temperature, water; Time, standard deviation; Time in hours; Tropical; Type
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 1440 data points
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 2
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    Changes in coral reef communities across a natural gradient in seawater pH (2015)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Barkley, Hannah C; Cohen, Anne L; Golbuu, Yimnang; Starczak, V R; DeCarlo, Thomas M; Shamberger, K E F (2015): Changes in coral reef communities across a natural gradient in seawater pH. Science Advances, 1(5), e1500328-e1500328, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1500328
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-15
    Description: Ocean acidification threatens the survival of coral reef ecosystems worldwide. The negative effects of ocean acidification observed in many laboratory experiments have been seen in studies of naturally low-pH reefs, with little evidence to date for adaptation. Recently, we reported initial data suggesting that low-pH coral communities of the Palau Rock Islands appear healthy despite the extreme conditions in which they live. Here, we build on that observation with a comprehensive statistical analysis of benthic communities across Palau's natural acidification gradient. Our analysis revealed a shift in coral community composition but no impact of acidification on coral richness, coralline algae abundance, macroalgae cover, coral calcification, or skeletal density. However, coral bioerosion increased 11-fold as pH decreased from the barrier reefs to the Rock Island bays. Indeed, a comparison of the naturally low-pH coral reef systems studied so far revealed increased bioerosion to be the only consistent feature among them, as responses varied across other indices of ecosystem health. Our results imply that whereas community responses may vary, escalation of coral reef bioerosion and acceleration of a shift from net accreting to net eroding reef structures will likely be a global signature of ocean acidification.
    Keywords: Alkalinity, total; Alkalinity, total, standard error; Ammonium; Ammonium, standard error; Aragonite saturation state; Aragonite saturation state, standard error; Benthos; Bicarbonate ion; Biomass/Abundance/Elemental composition; Calcification/Dissolution; Calcification rate, standard error; Calcification rate of calcium carbonate; Calcite saturation state; Calculated using CO2SYS; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, standard error; Carbonate ion; Carbonate ion, standard error; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Coast and continental shelf; Community composition and diversity; Corals, cover; Corals, cover, standard error; Coulometric titration; Coverage; Coverage, standard error; Density; Density, standard error; Diversity; Diversity, standard error; Entire community; Evenness of species; Evenness of species, standard error; EXP; Experiment; Extension rate; Extension rate, standard error; Field observation; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; Nitrate and Nitrite; Nitrate and Nitrite, standard error; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Palau; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air), standard error; Percentage; Percentage, standard error; pH; pH, standard error; Phosphate; Phosphate, standard error; Potentiometric titration; Rocky-shore community; Salinity; Salinity, standard error; Site; South Pacific; Species richness; Species richness, standard error; Temperature, water; Temperature, water, standard error; Tropical
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 728 data points
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 3
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    Seawater carbonate chemistry and bioerosion of croal reef (2017)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-15
    Description: Ocean acidification (OA), the gradual decline in ocean pH and [CO3 ] 2- caused by rising levels of atmospheric CO2, poses a significant threat to coral reef ecosystems, depressing rates of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) production, and enhancing rates of bioerosion and dissolution. As ocean pH and [CO3] 2- decline globally, there is increasing emphasis on managing local stressors that can exacerbate the vulnerability of coral reefs to the effects of OA. We show that sustained, nutrient rich, lower pH submarine groundwater discharging onto nearshore coral reefs off west Maui lowers the pH of seawater and exposes corals to nitrate concentrations 50 times higher than ambient. Rates of coral calcification are substantially decreased, and rates of bioerosion are orders of magnitude higher than those observed in coral cores collected in the Pacific under equivalent low pH conditions but living in oligotrophic waters. Heavier coral nitrogen isotope (delta15N) values pinpoint not only site-specific eutrophication, but also a sewage nitrogen source enriched in 15N. Our results show that eutrophication of reef seawater by land-based sources of pollution can magnify the effects of OA through nutrient driven-bioerosion. These conditions could contribute to the collapse of coastal coral reef ecosystems sooner than current projections predict based only on ocean acidification.
    Keywords: Aragonite saturation state; Aragonite saturation state, standard deviation; Benthos; Bicarbonate ion; Bioerosion rate; Calcification/Dissolution; Calcification rate; Calcite saturation state; Calculated using CO2SYS; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbonate ion; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Coast and continental shelf; Core length; Density; DEPTH, water; Direction; Distance; Entire community; EXP; Experiment; Field observation; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Growth/Morphology; Growth rate; Growth rate, standard deviation; Identification; Kahekili; LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; Nitrate; Nitrate, standard deviation; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Percentage; pH; pH, standard deviation; Replicates; Rocky-shore community; Salinity; Salinity, standard deviation; South Pacific; Temperature, water; Thickness; Tropical; Type; Years; δ15N; δ15N, standard deviation
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 191 data points
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 4
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    Seawater carbon chemistry and calcification rate of Palau corals (2017)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-15
    Description: In Palau, calcification rates of two reef-building coral genera (Porites and Favia) are maintained across a strong natural gradient in aragonite saturation state (Omega ar) ranging from 3.7 to 2.3. This observation contrasts the strong sensitivity to decreasing ?ar that these genera demonstrate in both laboratory CO2 manipulation experiments and in field studies. Moreover, in contrast to other naturally more acidic coral reefs, benthic communities in Palau's low-Omega ar (Omega ar = 2.3) Rock Island reefs display ecological indices consistent with healthy communities. A laboratory CO2 manipulation experiment and a field-based reciprocal transplant were used to investigate whether the apparent lack of sensitivity to ocean acidification of Palau's Porites corals can be attributed to local adaptation to chronic acidification or to environmental factors that allow corals to thrive despite extreme pH conditions. In a two-month laboratory incubation, calcification rates of Palau Porites from both environments were insensitive to changes in Omega ar over the range 1.5 to 3.0, suggestive of an adaptive, rather than environmental, mechanism for acidification tolerance. However, in the reciprocal transplant, corals transplanted between reefs at different ambient ?ar levels showed significant declines in calcification rates and high mortality, while corals returned back to their reef of origin were alive after 17 months in the field. Interpreted within the framework of the experimental result, the failure of pH/Omega ar-tolerant corals to successfully transplant between different reef sites hints at local adaptation to other (non-pH) environmental factors such as light, temperature, and/or flow that co-vary with Omega ar across Palau's natural acidification gradient.
    Keywords: Alkalinity, total; Alkalinity, total, standard deviation; Animalia; Aragonite saturation state; Aragonite saturation state, standard deviation; Benthic animals; Benthos; Bicarbonate ion; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (〈20 L); Calcification/Dissolution; Calcification rate, standard error; Calcification rate of calcium carbonate; Calcification rate of calcium carbonate per month; Calcification rate of calcium carbonate per week; Calcite saturation state; Calculated using CO2SYS; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, standard deviation; Carbonate ion; Carbonate ion, standard deviation; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Cnidaria; Coast and continental shelf; Duration; Event label; EXP; Experiment; Field experiment; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Identification; Incubation duration; Laboratory experiment; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Palau_high_Omega; Palau_low_Omega; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, standard deviation; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); pH; pH, standard deviation; Porites sp.; Potentiometric titration; Registration number of species; Salinity; Salinity, standard deviation; Single species; South Pacific; Species; Spectrophotometric; Status; Temperature, water; Temperature, water, standard deviation; Treatment; Tropical; Type; Uniform resource locator/link to reference
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 6699 data points
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 5
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    Ecological impacts of the 2015/16 El Niño in the Central Equatorial Pacific (2018)
    American Meteorological Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © American Meteorological Society, 2018. This article is posted here by permission of American Meteorological Society for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 99, Suppl. S (2018): S21-S26, doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-17-0128.1.
    Description: NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program; National Science Foundation OCE 1537338, OCE 1605365, OCE 1031971
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    PAPER (OA)
  • 6
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    Twentieth century warming of the tropical Atlantic captured by Sr-U paleothermometry (2017)
    John Wiley & Sons
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2017. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Paleoceanography 32 (2017): 146–160, doi:10.1002/2016PA002976.
    Description: Coral skeletons are valuable archives of past ocean conditions. However, interpretation of coral paleotemperature records is confounded by uncertainties associated with single-element ratio thermometers, including Sr/Ca. A new approach, Sr-U, uses U/Ca to constrain the influence of Rayleigh fractionation on Sr/Ca. Here we build on the initial Pacific Porites Sr-U calibration to include multiple Atlantic and Pacific coral genera from multiple coral reef locations spanning a temperature range of 23.15–30.12°C. Accounting for the wintertime growth cessation of one Bermuda coral, we show that Sr-U is strongly correlated with the average water temperature at each location (r2 = 0.91, P 〈 0.001, n = 19). We applied the multispecies spatial calibration between Sr-U and temperature to reconstruct a 96 year long temperature record at Mona Island, Puerto Rico, using a coral not included in the calibration. Average Sr-U derived temperature for the period 1900–1996 is within 0.12°C of the average instrumental temperature at this site and captures the twentieth century warming trend of 0.06°C per decade. Sr-U also captures the timing of multiyear variability but with higher amplitude than implied by the instrumental data. Mean Sr-U temperatures and patterns of multiyear variability were replicated in a second coral in the same grid box. Conversely, Sr/Ca records from the same two corals were inconsistent with each other and failed to capture absolute sea temperatures, timing of multiyear variability, or the twentieth century warming trend. Our results suggest that coral Sr-U paleothermometry is a promising new tool for reconstruction of past ocean temperatures.
    Description: NSF Graduate Research Fellowships Grant Numbers: NSF-OCE-1338320, NSF-OCE-1031971, NSF-OCE-0926986; WHOI Access to the Sea Grant Numbers: 27500056, 0734826; NSF HRD; UPR Central Administration to EAHD through the Center for Applied Tropical Ecology and Conservation of UPR
    Description: 2017-08-16
    Keywords: Coral ; Temperature ; Paleoceangraphy ; Paleothermometry ; Global warming ; Biomineralization
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    PAPER (OA)
  • 7
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    Characterizing the natural system : toward sustained, integrated coastal ocean acidification observing networks to facilitate resource management and decision support (2015)
    The Oceanography Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © The Oceanography Society, 2015. This article is posted here by permission of The Oceanography Society for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Oceanography 28, no. 2 (2015): 92-107, doi:10.5670/oceanog.2015.34.
    Description: Coastal ocean ecosystems have always served human populations—they provide food security, livelihoods, coastal protection, and defense. Ocean acidification is a global threat to these ecosystem services, particularly when other local and regional stressors combine with it to jeopardize coastal health. Monitoring efforts call for a coordinated global approach toward sustained, integrated coastal ocean health observing networks to address the region-specific mix of factors while also adhering to global ocean acidification observing network principles to facilitate comparison among regions for increased utility and understanding. Here, we generalize guidelines for scoping and designing regional coastal ocean acidification observing networks and provide examples of existing efforts. While challenging in the early stages of coordinating the design and prioritizing the implementation of these observing networks, it is essential to actively engage all of the relevant stakeholder groups from the outset, including private industries, public agencies, regulatory bodies, decision makers, and the general public. The long-term sustainability of these critical observing networks will rely on leveraging of resources and the strength of partnerships across the consortium of stakeholders and those implementing coastal ocean health observing networks
    Description: National Science Foundation, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Format: application/pdf
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    PAPER (OA)
  • 8
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    Community production modulates coral reef pH and the sensitivity of ecosystem calcification to ocean acidification (2017)
    John Wiley & Sons
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2017. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 122 (2017): 745–761, doi:10.1002/2016JC012326.
    Description: Coral reefs are built of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) produced biogenically by a diversity of calcifying plants, animals, and microbes. As the ocean warms and acidifies, there is mounting concern that declining calcification rates could shift coral reef CaCO3 budgets from net accretion to net dissolution. We quantified net ecosystem calcification (NEC) and production (NEP) on Dongsha Atoll, northern South China Sea, over a 2 week period that included a transient bleaching event. Peak daytime pH on the wide, shallow reef flat during the nonbleaching period was ∼8.5, significantly elevated above that of the surrounding open ocean (∼8.0–8.1) as a consequence of daytime NEP (up to 112 mmol C m−2 h−1). Diurnal-averaged NEC was 390 ± 90 mmol CaCO3 m−2 d−1, higher than any other coral reef studied to date despite comparable calcifier cover (25%) and relatively high fleshy algal cover (19%). Coral bleaching linked to elevated temperatures significantly reduced daytime NEP by 29 mmol C m−2 h−1. pH on the reef flat declined by 0.2 units, causing a 40% reduction in NEC in the absence of pH changes in the surrounding open ocean. Our findings highlight the interactive relationship between carbonate chemistry of coral reef ecosystems and ecosystem production and calcification rates, which are in turn impacted by ocean warming. As open-ocean waters bathing coral reefs warm and acidify over the 21st century, the health and composition of reef benthic communities will play a major role in determining on-reef conditions that will in turn dictate the ecosystem response to climate change.
    Description: NSF Grant Number: 1220529
    Description: 2017-07-31
    Keywords: Coral reef ; Ocean acidification ; Calcification ; Photosynthesis ; Coral bleaching
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    PAPER (OA)
  • 9
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    Coral macrobioerosion is accelerated by ocean acidification and nutrients (2015)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2014]. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Geological Society of America for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Geology 43 (2015): 7-10, doi: 10.1130/G36147.1.
    Description: Coral reefs exist in a delicate balance between calcium carbonate (CaCO3) production and CaCO3 loss. Ocean acidification (OA), the CO2-driven decline in seawater pH and CaCO3 saturation state (Ω), threatens to tip this balance by decreasing calcification, and increasing erosion and dissolution. While multiple CO2 manipulation experiments show coral calcification declines under OA, the sensitivity of bioerosion to OA is less well understood. Previous work suggests that coral and coral reef bioerosion increase with decreasing seawater Ω. However, in the surface ocean, Ω and nutrient concentrations often covary, making their relative influence difficult to resolve. Here, we exploit unique natural gradients in Ω and nutrients across the Pacific basin to quantify the impact of these factors, together and independently, on macrobioerosion rates of coral skeletons. Using an automated program to quantify macrobioerosion in 3-D computerized tomography (CT) scans of coral cores, we show that macrobioerosion rates of live Porites colonies in both low-nutrient (oligotrophic) and high-nutrient (〉1 µM nitrate) waters increase significantly as Ω decreases. However, the sensitivity of macrobioerosion to Ω is ten times greater under high-nutrient conditions. Our results demonstrate that OA (decreased Ω) alone can increase coral macrobioerosion rates, but the interaction of OA with local stressors exacerbates its impact, accelerating a shift toward net CaCO3 removal from coral reefs.
    Description: This work was supported by NSF OCE 1041106 to A.L.C. and K.E.S., NSF OCE 1220529 to A.L.C., TNC award PNA/WHOI061810 to A.L.C., NSF Graduate Research Fellowships to T.M.D. and H.C.B., and a WHOI-OLI post-doctoral fellowship to K.E.S.
    Description: 2015-11-14
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Preprint
    Format: application/pdf
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    PAPER (OA)
  • 10
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    Comment on “Equatorial Pacific coral geochemical records show recent weakening of the Walker circulation” by J. Carilli et al. (2015)
    John Wiley & Sons
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: This article is a comment on Carilli et al. [2014] doi:10.1002/2014PA002683
    Description: 2015-11-18
    Keywords: Pacific ; SST ; Coral ; EUC ; Islands ; Walker circulation
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Format: application/pdf
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    PAPER (OA)
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